Household’s Saving Behaviour in Pakistan: A Micro-Data Analysis

Household Savings ◽

Urban Households ◽

Dominant Component ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Family House

Savings play a very crucial role in the economic development of a country by financing investment needs. Household savings are the major and dominant component of national savings in Pakistan. The present study aims to analyse the impact of various socio-economic factors in determining the household savings in Pakistan by using the data of Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey (HIICS) 2015–2016. It has been found that household’s savings tend to increase with income, living in nucleus family, house ownership, receiving remittances from abroad and being involved in agriculture; and saving tends to decrease with an increase in dependency ratio; and wealth has an insignificant role in determining savings in both urban and rural households. However, education and female labour force participation had a positive relationship with saving among urban households but the relationship is insignificant in rural households. Similarly, age of household head hurts saving in urban households and the relationship is insignificant in rural households. JEL Codes: E21, D91, C31

Does Vocational Training Promote Female Labour Force Participation? An Analysis for India

Margin The Journal of Applied Economic Research ◽

10.1177/0973801020976601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 149-173

Author(s):

Indrajit Bairagya ◽

Tulika Bhattacharya ◽

Pragati Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Vocational Training ◽

Large Scale ◽

Labour Force ◽

Probit Model ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Jel Codes ◽

Female Labour ◽

The Impact ◽

The objective of the article is to assess the impact of formal and informal vocational training on female labour force participation in India, based on the Periodic Labour Force Survey data for 2017–2018, employing a trivariate probit model. Results show that participation both in formal and informal vocational training has a positive and statistically significant impact on female labour force participation across all specifications of the regression models, thus showing the robustness of the relationship. Most importantly, the provision of vocational training helps break the traditional U-shaped relationship between female labour force participation and educational levels. However, the fact that the percentage of formal vocational training holders is much lower than that of informal vocational training holders and that it varies among males and females, points to the need for special policy attention on the promotion of female participation in formal vocational training on a large scale. JEL Codes: J21, J24, J71

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

10.34196/ijm.00058 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Deborah Schofield ◽

Rupendra Shrestha ◽

Emily Callander ◽

Richard Pervical ◽

Simon Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Prevention ◽

Labour Force ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Testing the Relationship between Female Labour Force Participation and Fertility in Nigeria

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1322 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Oyeyemi Omodadepo Adebiyi ◽

Temitayo Alice Onifade

Keyword(s):

Labour Force ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Combining employment and care-giving: how differing care intensities influence employment patterns among middle-aged women in Germany

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x18001423 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 925-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadiya Kelle

Keyword(s):

Cox Regression ◽

Labour Force ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Care Providers ◽

Unpaid Care ◽

Care Services ◽

Care Giving ◽

Employed Women ◽

The Impact ◽

AbstractGiven an ageing population and increased participation by women in the labour force, the relationship between unpaid care and the availability of women to the labour force is gaining in importance as an issue. This article assesses the impact of unpaid care on transitions into employment by women aged between 45 and 59 years. It uses the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from the years 2001–2014 to estimate Cox regression models for 6,201 employed women. The results indicate that women with higher caring responsibilities and women with lower caring responsibilities are heterogeneous in terms of the socio-economic characteristics that they exhibit: higher-intensity care providers tend to have a lower level of educational attainment and a weaker attachment to the labour force than women with less-intensive caring responsibilities. Furthermore, while women with more-intensive caring roles are highly likely to exit the labour market altogether, female carers with less-intensive roles seem to be able to combine work and care better. These results highlight the importance of providing more affordable institutional and professional care services, especially for low- and medium-income families.

The third birth in Great Britain

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000017612 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 489-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert E. Wright ◽

John F. Ermisch ◽

P. R. Andrew Hinde ◽

Heather E. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Labour Force ◽

Strong Association ◽

Age At First Birth ◽

Time Varying ◽

Female Labour ◽

Subsequent Fertility ◽

Lower Fertility ◽

Time Varying Covariates ◽

SummaryThe relationship between female labour force participation, and other socioeconomic factors, and the probability of having a third birth is examined, using British data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, by hazard regression modelling with time-varying covariates. The results demonstrate the strong association between demographic factors, e.g. age at first birth and birth interval and subsequent fertility behaviour. Education appears to have little effect. Surprisingly, women who have spent a higher proportion of time as housewives have a lower risk of having a third birth. This finding is in sharp disagreement with the conventional expectation that cumulative labour force participation supports lower fertility. These findings are briefly compared with similar research carried out in Sweden.

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: ACCESS AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES

10.31124/advance.13370234.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anupam Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Labour Force ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

India’s north-east region, comprising of eight States is one of the less industrialised and economically backward areas of the country. Lack of skilled manpower has been identified as one of the major reasons for the underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Recently, the government of India has embarked on an ambitious target of improving the skill base of the country through expansion of the vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this context, the paper examines the access to VET among the working-age population and the impact on employment and earnings using the Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18. The paper argues that despite the recent initiatives on massive skilling of the country's youth a very little section of NE has accessed formal VET. Moreover, although it has some impact on raising labour force participation, there is no evidence that formal VET courses are effective enough to increase earnings, bridge the gender gap in wages, or the improving work conditions of the VET holders.

Research on the Impact of Relationship Networks on Farmers’ Formal Credit Constraints: The Case of China

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research ◽

10.31033/ijemr.11.4.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Lun-song Chen ◽

Bi-Lin Sun

Keyword(s):

Credit Constraints ◽

Rural Households ◽

Credit Constraint ◽

Constraint Function ◽

Relationship Networks ◽

Social Interests ◽

Relationship Network ◽

The Impact ◽

Based on the survey data of Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, this paper uses the Heckman two-stage model to construct a credit constraint function without selection bias, and explores the relationship between the scale and quality of the relationship network and the credit constraints of rural households. Research shows that the scale of the relationship network is affected adversely by urbanization and networking, having a weaker impact on the formal credit constraints of rural households. The quality of the relationship networks can improve farmers’ awareness of formal credit, reduce transaction exposure, regulate farmers’ behavior and act as a “guarantee”, thereby effectively alleviating farmers’ formal credit constraints. At the same time, the relationship network of farmers is gradually becoming more structured, where farmers' social interests are becoming more purposeful. Additionally, formal financial institutions have set a threshold for farmers’ credit, which requires a certain amount of securities for money.