scholarly journals SPORT SPECIALIZATION IS A RISK FACTOR FOR OVERUSE, BUT NOT ACUTE, LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0011
Author(s):  
David Bell ◽  
Kevin M. Biese ◽  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Dan Schaefer ◽  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Previous Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremity Injuries

BACKGROUND: Sport specialization is often associated with intense, high volume training, which may result in injury – especially overuse injuries. However, there is limited prospective research investigating these relationships. Additionally, previous research has focused on adolescents older than 12 years of age with no data available in younger cohorts, who may be more susceptible to repetitive stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if sport specialization is associated with increased risk of overuse and acute lower extremity injuries in middle school aged athletes. METHODS: A total of 281 children (113 females (40%), age=12.1±1.2years; range 10-14 years of age) completed an online survey with their parents for 39 weeks. The study was conducted during the 2017-2018 academic year with a baseline survey conducted the first week of September. Weekly surveys were sent to respondents via Qualtrics with the final weekly survey in June of 2018. The baseline survey consisted of 1) demographic information, 2) injury history in the previous 12 months, 3) a sport specialization scale which classified individuals in low, moderate, and high levels of specialization, and 4) sport participation volume (months per year in primary sport). The weekly surveys asked participants to report and musculoskeletal injury they sustained during sport participation. Participants were included in the analysis if they completed at least 80% of the total surveys. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to examine associations between specialization category (reference category: low) and prospective injury categories, while adjusting for differences in age, sex, and previous injury history. RESULTS: Respondents reported 57 acute and 32 overuse lower extremity injuries during the observation period. Highly specialized athletes had significantly greater odds of reporting a prospective lower extremity overuse injury than subjects in the low specialization group (OR: 3.78, 1.02-12.90, p=0.03), even after adjusting for sex, age, and previous injury history. However, specialization was not a risk factor for acute lower extremity injuries (OR: 2.20, 0.72-6.77, p=0.17). CONCLUSION: Highly specialized middle school athletes are nearly 4 times greater risk of developing an overuse injury compared to low specialization athletes. Younger athletes may be more susceptible to injuries at younger ages. Thus, adolescent athletes should avoid specialization when possible.

scholarly journals OVERUSE INJURY RISK INCREASES WITH YEAR-ROUND SPORT PARTICIPATION IN MIDDLE SCHOOL AGED ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0005
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Biese ◽  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Dan Schaefer ◽  
Stephanie Kliethermes ◽  
Alison Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Previous Injury ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies of high school aged athletes have demonstrated that participating in one sport for more than 8 months of the year is a risk factor for overuse musculoskeletal injuries. This research has driven the recommendation that suggests youth athletes should not play a single organized sport for more than 8 months out of the year. However, these recommendations have never been prospectively examined in middle school aged athletes. The purpose of this study is to determine if year-round participation, operationally defined as participating in one sport for more than 8 months of the year, is associated with increased risk of overuse injuries in middle school aged athletes. METHODS: A total of 281 children (female N= 113, 40.2%, age= 12.1±1.2 years; range 10-14 years of age) completed an anonymous online survey with their parents for 39 weeks. A baseline survey was conducted in the first week of September 2017 and then weekly surveys were completed until June 2018. The baseline survey consisted of demographic information, previous injury history, and sport participation volume (months per year in primary sport). The weekly surveys asked participants to report their sleep habits, musculoskeletal injuries, and illnesses. Parents and children were asked to complete the surveys together. Participants were included in the analysis if they completed at least 80% of the total surveys. In the baseline survey, participants identified the previous months for which they played their primary sport. Those who marked more than 8 months out of the past 12 months were classified as “year-round participants.” Logistic regression was used to determine if year-round participation (>8 months/year) was a significant predictor of overuse musculoskeletal injuries during the study period. A second logistic regression model was created using the participant’s total reported months participating in a single sport as a predictor of overuse injuries. RESULTS: 80 (28.5%) participants were identified as participating year-round in a single sport and 49 overuse injuries were reported during the study period. Athletes who participated in a single sport year-round were more than twice as likely to sustain an overuse injury during the study period compared to non-year-round athletes (OR [95%CI]: 2.20[1.10-4.39], p=0.025), even after adjusting for sex, age, and previous injury history. The odds of sustaining an overuse injury increased approximately 17% for every additional month of participating in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 1.17 [1.04 -1.32], p=0.012) again while controlling for sex, age, and previous injury. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective study in middle school aged athletes examining year-round participation and overuse musculoskeletal injuries. Middle school aged athletes are at a 2-times increased risk of overuse musculoskeletal injuries when participating in a single sport for more than 8 months of the year compared to middle school aged athletes who participated 8 or less months in a single sport. Sport specialization has been identified as a risk factor for high school aged athletes for overuse injury – and our observations indicate that a similar trend may exist in middle school aged athletes. Recommendations regarding monthly sport participation for adolescents have been supported in the high school aged population and these recommendations may extend to an even younger population.

scholarly journals Concussion in National Football League Athletes Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Acute, Noncontact Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110034
Author(s):  
Toufic R. Jildeh ◽  
Fabien Meta ◽  
Jacob Young ◽  
Brendan Page ◽  
Kelechi R. Okoroha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
And Control

Background: Impaired neuromuscular function after concussion has recently been linked to increased risk of lower extremity injuries in athletes. Purpose: To determine if National Football League (NFL) athletes have an increased risk of sustaining an acute, noncontact lower extremity injury in the 90-day period after return to play (RTP) and whether on-field performance differs pre- and postconcussion. Study Design: Cohort study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NFL concussions in offensive players from the 2012-2013 to the 2016-2017 seasons were studied. Age, position, injury location/type, RTP, and athlete factors were noted. A 90-day RTP postconcussive period was analyzed for lower extremity injuries. Concussion and injury data were obtained from publicly available sources. Nonconcussed, offensive skill position NFL athletes from the same period were used as a control cohort, with the 2014 season as the reference season. Power rating performance metrics were calculated for ±1, ±2, and ±3 seasons pre- and postconcussion. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between concussion and lower extremity injury as well as the relationship of concussions to on-field performance. Results: In total, 116 concussions were recorded in 108 NFL athletes during the study period. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of an acute, noncontact lower extremity injury between concussed and control athletes (8.5% vs 12.8%; P = .143), which correlates with an odds ratio of 0.573 (95% CI, 0.270-1.217). Days (66.4 ± 81.9 days vs 45.1 ± 69.2 days; P = .423) and games missed (3.67 ± 3.0 vs 2.9 ± 2.7 games; P = .470) were similar in concussed athletes and control athletes after a lower extremity injury. No significant changes in power ratings were noted in concussed athletes in the acute period (±1 season to injury) when comparing pre- and postconcussion. Conclusion: Concussed, NFL offensive athletes did not demonstrate increased odds of acute, noncontact, lower extremity injury in a 90-day RTP period when compared with nonconcussed controls. Immediate on-field performance of skill position players did not appear to be affected by concussion.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Injuries in Young Floorball Players: A Prospective Study on Overuse Injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Beischer ◽  
Sofia Ryman Augustsson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Overuse injuries in sports seem to be 1.5 to 2.5 times more common than traumatic injuries in the lower extremity (LE) in children and adolescents. Floorball is the most popular indoor sport in Sweden and is associated with many potential risks of injuries. However, to our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the appearance of injury in young floorball players. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of overuse injuries in LE in floorball players aged 15 or younger, with respect to frequency, location, and consequence of injury. Method: Fifty-seven players, from 9 different teams, participated (mean age 11±2 years). A modified version of Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire was submitted every fourth week during five months in order to record overuse injuries in LE. An online survey software was used to send out the questionnaires. Results: A of 42 overuse injuries in 42% (24/57) of the cohort were found. The average monthly prevalence for all players, in any anatomical area, was 28% (95% confidence total interval 18%-38%). The most common location of injuries was the knee (43%), followed by the foot (40%). Conclusion: The present study shows, in accordance with other recent studies on children and adolescents that overuse injuries seem to be a common problem for young floorball players. Knee and foot appear to be the most common location for overuse injuries in this population. Prospective analyses of different mechanisms for overuse injury in youth athletes and the relation to growth-related overuse disorders is desirable.

scholarly journals Early sports specialisation and the incidence of lower extremity injuries in youth athletes: current concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. jisakos-2019-000288
Author(s):  
Richard N Puzzitiello ◽  
Coleen F Rizzo ◽  
Kirsten D Garvey ◽  
Elizabeth G Matzkin ◽  
Matthew J Salzler
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Year-round intensive, single-sport training beginning at an young age is an increasingly common trend in the youth athlete population. Early sport specialisation may be ineffective for long-term athletic success and contribute to an increased risk of physical injury and burn-out. The medical community has noted that repetitive movement patterns may occur in non-diversified activity and this may contribute to overuse injury in young athletes. Studies have begun to identify an association between early sport specialisation and lower extremity injuries in the youth athlete population that is independent of training volume. Recent literature has suggested that sport diversification, not specialisation, is a better path for athletic success and minimised lower extremity injury risk.

scholarly journals Is core stability a risk factor for lower extremity injuries in an athletic population? A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric De Blaiser ◽  
Philip Roosen ◽  
Tine Willems ◽  
Lieven Danneels ◽  
Luc Vanden Bossche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Extremity Injuries

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SPORTS SPECIALIZATION ON LOWER EXTREMITY SAGITTAL PLANE LOADING IN ADOLESCENT MALES AND FEMALES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0028
Author(s):  
Shiho Goto ◽  
Joseph P. Hannon ◽  
Angellyn N. Grondin ◽  
James M. Bothwell ◽  
J. Craig Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Dominant Side

Background: Sport specialization has been associated with increased risk of both acute and chronic lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries in adolescent athletes. Repetitive movement through sport specialization has been hypothesized to increase the stress through the lower extremity, leading to injury. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in sagittal plane lower extremity loading between adolescent athletes who participate in a single sport (SS) verse those who participate multiple sports (MS). Methods: A cross sectional study design was used. A total 252 adolescent athletes participated in the study (Males: SS=26, Age=14.62±1.72, Ht=173.06±12.41 cm, Mass =62.47±14.72 Kg; MS=27, Age=13.52±1.72, Ht=171.61±11.20 cm, Mass =61.32±14.21 Kg Females: SS=127, Age=14.28±1.77, Ht=164.72±10.73 cm, Mass =58.29±11.17 Kg, MS=84, Age=13.62±1.41, Ht=163.22±7.67 cm, Mass =57.63±11.44 Kg). Participants were included if they were between the ages of 10 and 17, involved in high-risk sports for equal or greater than 50 hours per year, and reported no injuries in the 3 months prior to participation in the study. Joint moments of the hip, knee, and ankle were assessed at initial contact (IC) during a jump-landing (JL) task in both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. All values were normalized to the product of height and weight and averaged across three trials. Participants were grouped into SS or MS groups, then sub-grouped by gender. Separate independent t-tests were performed on each dependent variable for the dominant and non-dominant limbs in males and females to examine the differences between the groups (SS vs MS) (α = 0.05). Results: In the female cohort, the SS group demonstrated lesser knee flexion moments compared to the MS group on dominant side (SS=0.022 HtWt-1, MS=0.026 HtWt-1; p=0.012). The female SS group also demonstrated lesser hip extension moments (SS=0.031HtWt-1, MS=0.042 HtWt-1; p=0.022) and knee flexion moments on non-dominant side compared to that of the MS group (SS=0.023HtWt-1, MS=0.027 HtWt-1; p=0.013). There were no significant differences observed in any of the variables in male adolescents. Conclusion: Altered sagittal plane biomechanics were observed in female adolescents, but not in male adolescents during a JL task. The MS group had greater loading at the hip and knee joints than the SS group. Since MS has been suggested to increase the risk of lower extremity injuries, this biomechanical pattern at IC of a JL may be a profile for higher risk of lower extremity injuries. (394/400) [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury Is Associated with Increased Risk of Concussion in High School Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0039
Author(s):  
Adam Lutz ◽  
Charles Thigpen ◽  
R. Gil Gilliland ◽  
John Thorpe ◽  
Michael Kissenberth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Combined Injuries

Objectives: Previous research indicates that concussion increases the risk of lower extremity injuries (LE) after return to sport. However, no study has examined the risk of precedent lower extremity injuries and their relationship to the development of a sport related concussion (SRC). To determine if the risk of combined injuries (LE injury-SRC) is elevated in high school athletes accounting for athlete sport and gender. Methods: 33,386 high school athletes were monitored over 4 seasons. 4223 LE injuries and 1132 concussions were reported. Injured athletes were identified by their school athletic trainer (AT) time-loss injury during a team-sponsored practice or game. ATs documented the date, mechanism, and sport of injury. Injured athletes were referred to a board-certified sports medicine physician for diagnoses and follow up care. Cumulative injury rates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Rate ratios were used to compare frequency of SRC after RTS following a LE injury. Comparisons were made overall cohort between those participating athletes with and without isolated and combined injuries as well as by gender. (α=0.05). Results: A cumulative incidence for athletes sustaining an isolated SRC was 2.3/100 athletes (95% CI= 2.1-2.5) and for isolated LE injury was 11.5/100 (95% CI=11.2-11.9) athletes. Athletes presenting with a LE injury had an increased risk (RR= 4.7; 95% CI = 4.2-5.2) of sustaining a subsequent SRC within 1 year when compared to athletes that did not suffer precedent LE injuries. Male athletes presenting with a LE injury had an increased risk (RR= 4.9; 95% CI = 4.2-5.7) of sustaining a subsequent SRC within 1 year when compared to male athletes that did not suffer precedent LE injuries. Female athletes presenting with a LE injury had an increased risk (RR= 4.4; 95% CI = 3.6-5.2) of sustaining a subsequent SRC within 1 year when compared to female athletes that did not suffer precedent LE injuries. In football, presenting with a LE injury had an increased risk (RR= 5.8; 95% CI = 4.5-7.4) of sustaining a subsequent SRC within 1 year when compared to football athletes that did not suffer precedent LE injuries. Conclusion: Our results are the first to show that high school athletes who suffer a time-loss LE injury are at 4.4-5.8 times increased risk to suffer a sports related concussion within the next year. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Motor Performance as Risk Factor for Lower Extremity Injuries in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISBETH RUNGE LARSEN ◽  
PETER LUND KRISTENSEN ◽  
TINA JUNGE ◽  
SIGNE FUGLKJÆR MØLLER ◽  
BIRGIT JUUL-KRISTENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries
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