scholarly journals Pectoralis Major Ruptures: Tear Patterns and Patient Demographic Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712096942
Author(s):  
Marcin Kowalczuk ◽  
Luc Rubinger ◽  
Amr W. Elmaraghy
Keyword(s):  
Primary Repair ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Patient Demographic ◽  
Tear Pattern

Background: The pectoralis major (PM) is made up of multilaminar muscle segments that form a complex insertion on the proximal humerus; it is composed of an anterior and a posterior tendon layer. The tear patterns and patient characteristics of operatively treated PM ruptures in the general population remain poorly understood. Purpose: To comprehensively report the demographic characteristics of patients who are clinically diagnosed with structurally significant PM ruptures and to describe PM tear patterns identified during surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective analysis of surgically treated PM tears was performed for a single-surgeon case series between January 1, 2003, and November 1, 2017. Patient demographic characteristics, classification of tear pattern, and treatment (repair/reconstruction) were recorded. Results: A total of 104 surgical cases of PM tendon rupture were identified; 100 patients underwent primary repair and 4 underwent dermal allograft reconstruction. All patients were male, with a mean age of 36.5 ± 9.2 years. Chronic tears (>6 weeks old) accounted for 63.6% of surgical cases, and 96% (n = 100) of tears occurred at or between the musculotendinous junction and tendinous insertion. A partial-thickness, complete-width tear of the posterior tendon layer at this same location was the most common tear pattern identified. Conclusion: PM ruptures occurred almost exclusively at or between the musculotendinous junction and tendinous insertion, with predominant involvement of the posterior tendon layer. Chronic tears can be safely treated with primary repair in the vast majority of cases.

scholarly journals Pectoralis Major Rupture in Military Academy Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596711986015
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Chan ◽  
George C. Balazs ◽  
Chad A. Haley ◽  
Matthew A. Posner ◽  
John-Paul H. Rue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Bony Avulsion

Background: Pectoralis major ruptures are rare injuries that can occur at several parts of the muscle. Little is known of the pathoanatomic process and performance following pectoralis major ruptures in young athletes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to describe a series of pectoralis major ruptures in military academy athletes at the US Military Academy and US Naval Academy. We hypothesized that military academy athletes will demonstrate a different rupture location than previously reported in older patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective case series was performed by analyzing all electronic medical records and imaging software for consecutive pectoralis major ruptures undergoing surgical repair within the student population at 2 military academies. The primary outcome of interest was rupture pattern and location. We also assessed functional recovery following surgery by analyzing push-up performance on the biannual Army Physical Fitness Test and Navy Physical Readiness Test. Results: From 2005 to 2017, a total of 19 cases of pectoralis major ruptures occurred in military academy cadets. Patients ranged in age from 19 to 23 years, with a mean age of 20 years. All injuries occurred during sports activity, with bench press as the most common mechanism of injury (n = 10; 53%). The most common rupture location was the musculotendinous junction (n = 10; 53%), followed by pectoralis major tendon insertion (n = 8; 42%), and only 1 bony avulsion was noted. Physical activity performance following the rupture was negatively affected. The mean ± SD number of push-ups preinjury was 73.20 ± 12.10, which decreased following injury and surgery (66.50 ± 11.98; P = .037). Conclusion: Military academy athletes in our study cohort demonstrated a different type of rupture location than has been reported in older cohorts, with the majority experiencing tearing at a location other than the tendon itself. Performance was also negatively affected immediately following repair, but moderate improvement was observed as time from surgery increased.

scholarly journals Surgical Technique for Management of Severe Calcaneofibular Impingement: Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 247301142095379
Author(s):  
Jay M. Levin ◽  
James K. DeOrio
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Calcaneal Fracture ◽  
Lateral Approach ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Calcaneal Osteotomy

Background: Calcaneofibular impingement is characterized by lateral hindfoot pain and is commonly resulting from calcaneal fracture malunion or severe flatfoot deformity. Lateral calcaneal wall decompression has been used successfully to relieve pain in patients who have calcaneofibular impingement. However, in cases of severe impingement and hindfoot valgus, lateral wall excision may leave only a small remnant of calcaneal bone for weightbearing and can lead to chronic heel pain. We describe a surgical technique using a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) combined with a lateral wall exostectomy and report on the outcomes from our series of patients. Methods: Retrospective study of a single surgeon’s patients was done from 2010 to 2020 who underwent medial slide calcaneal osteotomy and lateral wall exostectomy for calcaneofibular impingement. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics. Our study included 9 patients, 6 females and 3 males, with a mean age of 59 years (range: 19-77) and a mean follow-up of 62 weeks (range: 6-184). Results: Five had an Achilles split approach, 2 had an oblique lateral approach, and 1 had an extensile lateral approach. Patients achieved radiographic relief of impingement and improvement in pain. Minor skin and soft tissue complications occurred in 3 patients, all of which were associated with laterally based incisions, and all resolved after a 10-day course of oral antibiotics. No major complications, emergency department visits, or readmissions occurred. Conclusions: MDCO and lateral wall exostectomy was a safe and effective treatment for severe calcaneofibular impingement. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.

scholarly journals Outcomes After Dermal Allograft Reconstruction of Chronic or Subacute Pectoralis Major Tendon Ruptures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596711774583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Neumann ◽  
Christopher M. Klein ◽  
Carola F. van Eck ◽  
Hithem Rahmi ◽  
John M. Itamura
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Constant Score ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Allograft Reconstruction ◽  
Tendon Reconstruction ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Reported

Background: Avoiding delay in the surgical management of pectoralis major (PM) ruptures optimizes outcomes. However, this is not always possible, and when a tear becomes chronic or when a subacute tear has poor tissue quality, a graft can facilitate reconstruction. Purpose: The primary aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of PM reconstruction with dermal allograft augmentation for chronic tears or for subacute tears with poor tissue quality. A second aim was to determine patient and surgical factors affecting outcome. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients (19 PM ruptures) with a mean ± SD age of 39.1 ± 8.4 years were retrospectively reviewed at 26.4 ± 16.0 months following PM tendon reconstruction with dermal allograft. Surgery was performed at 19.2 ± 41.2 months after injury (median, 7.6 months; range, 1.1-185.4 months). Several outcome scores were recorded pre- and postoperatively, including Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), as well as visual analog scale (VAS) (range, 0-10; 0 = no pain) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Range of motion, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test score, and complications/reoperations were recorded postoperatively. Results: Scores improved significantly for the DASH (preoperative, 34.9; postoperative, 8.0; P < .001) and VAS (preoperative, 5.0; postoperative, 1.5; P = .011). There was a trend toward improved SANE scores (preoperative, 15.0; postoperative, 80.0; P = .097), but the difference was not statistically significant, likely because of the small number of patients having preoperative SANE scores for review. Increased age was associated with higher VAS scores ( r = 0.628, P = .016) and less forward flexion ( r = –0.502, P = .048) and external rotation ( r = –0.654, P = .006). Patients with workers’ compensation had lower scores for 3 measures: SANE (75.8 vs 88.4, P = .040), Constant (86.7 vs 93.4, P = .019), and ASES (81.9 vs 97.4, P = .016). Operating on the dominant extremity resulted in lower Constant scores (87.8 vs 95.4, P = .012). A 2-head tendon tear (107.5° vs 123.3°, P = .033) and the use of >1 graft (105.0° vs 121.3°, P = .040) resulted in decreased abduction. Conclusion: This was the first large series to observe patients with chronic or subacute PM tendon tears treated with dermal allograft reconstruction. PM tendon reconstruction with dermal allografts resulted in good objective and subjective patient-reported outcomes.

Defining Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Isolated Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 3141-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi R. Okoroha ◽  
Edward C. Beck ◽  
Benedict U. Nwachukwu ◽  
Kyle N. Kunze ◽  
Shane J. Nho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Minimal Clinically Important Difference ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Clinically Important Difference ◽  
Patient Reported

Background: Endoscopic surgical repair has become a common procedure for treating patients with gluteus medius tears. However, meaningful clinical outcomes after the procedure have not been defined. Purpose: To (1) define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) in patients undergoing endoscopic gluteus medius repair and (2) determine correlations between preoperative patient characteristics and achievement of MCID/PASS. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of prospectively collected data from all patients undergoing primary endoscopic repair of gluteus medius tears between January 2012 and February 2017 with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient data collected included patient characteristics, radiographic parameters, preoperative clinical function scores, and postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Paired t tests were used to compare the differences in 2-year PROs. The MCID and PASS for each PRO were calculated and Spearman coefficient analysis was used to identify correlations between MCID, PASS, and preoperative variables. Results: A total of 60 patients were included in the study. A majority of patients were female (91.7%), with an average age and body mass index of 57.9 ± 9.91 years and 27.6 ± 6.1, respectively. The MCIDs of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sport-Specific (SS) subscales of the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) and the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) were calculated to be 15.02, 14.53, and 14.13, respectively. The PASS scores of HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and mHHS were calculated to be 81.32, 67.71, and 77.5, respectively. In addition, 76.7% of patients achieved either MCID or PASS postoperatively, with 77.8% and 69.0% reaching at least 1 threshold score for achieving MCID and PASS, respectively, and 48.3% achieving both MCID and PASS. Smoking had a negative and weak association with achieving PASS ( r = −0.271; P = .039). No other patient characteristic variables were found to correlate with achieving MCID or PASS. Conclusion: In patients undergoing endoscopic gluteus medius repair, our study defined MCID and PASS for HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and mHHS outcome scores. A large percentage of patients (76.7%) achieved meaningful clinical outcomes at 2 years after surgery.

scholarly journals Muscle Strains in the Lower Extremity of Japanese Professional Baseball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712095656
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kokubu ◽  
Yutaka Mifune ◽  
Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Yuichi Hoshino ◽  
Kenichiro Kakutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Background: Predicting when athletes can return to play after muscle strains is not always simple because of difficulties in evaluating the severity of such injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to classify lower extremity muscle strains in Japanese professional baseball players. The hypothesis was that MRI grading can be used to diagnose the severity of muscle strains in the lower extremity and predict return to play in athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 55 muscle strains occurred in the lower extremity of players on a professional baseball team between the 2006 and 2015 seasons; all players had undergone MRI examination. Age, player position, location of injury, cause of injury, and duration until return to play (in days) were extracted from the medical records. MRI scans were classified using the following system: grade 0, no abnormal findings; grade 1a, T2-weighted high intensity only between muscles; grade 1b, T2-weighted high intensity between muscles and in muscle belly; grade 2, injury of musculotendinous junction; and grade 3, rupture of tendon insertion. Results: The sites of injuries were distributed as follows: hamstrings (n = 33), quadriceps (n = 6), hip adductors (n = 6), and calves (n = 10). MRI findings revealed 9 muscle strains (16%), 19 grade 1a (34%), 19 grade 1b (34%), and 8 grade 2 muscle strains (16%). The length of time until return to training and competition, respectively, was 15 and 26 days for grade 1a injuries, 19 and 36 days for grade 1b injuries, and 55 and 69 days for grade 2 injuries. Conclusion: Players with grade 1 injuries took 4 to 5 weeks to return to play, whereas players with grade 2 injuries took 10 weeks to return. MRI can be useful for diagnosing lower extremity muscle strains and predicting the time to return to play.

Early Motion after Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Repairs

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. West ◽  
James S. Keene ◽  
Lee D. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Early Motion ◽  
Full Weightbearing

Background Complications of immobilization after quadriceps and patellar tendon repairs include decreased patellar mobility, limited flexion, persistent pain, muscle weakness, and patella baja. In contrast, early motion limits muscle atrophy, accelerates tendon healing, and prevents joint stiffness. Hypothesis Quadriceps and patellar tendon repairs protected with a “relaxing suture” are strong enough to safely permit early motion, full weightbearing, and brace-free ambulation. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twenty quadriceps and 30 patellar tendon ruptures were treated with a primary repair augmented with a single No. 5 Ethibond suture, a postoperative regimen of controlled motion and full weightbearing at 7 to 10 days, and brace-free ambulation at 6 weeks after surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 12 months, results of surgery were assessed with the Lysholm knee rating system. Results Six weeks after surgery, 120° of flexion and brace-free ambulation were the goals and were achieved at a mean of 7.2 and 7.7 weeks, respectively. By 6 months, all patients reached their preinjury levels of activity (eg, basketball, Softball, Rocky Mountain tour guide), 40 had full active extension, and 10 lacked 3° to 10° of active extension. There were no postoperative complications. At a mean follow-up of 4 years (range, 1–12 years), the Lysholm scores averaged 92 points (range, 84–100 points), and there were 35 excellent, 15 good, and no fair or poor results. Conclusion Quadriceps and patellar tendon repairs protected by a relaxing suture were strong enough to safely permit early motion, weightbearing, and brace-free ambulation while producing good and excellent results.

scholarly journals Retrospective Review of Pectoralis Major Ruptures in Rodeo Steer Wrestlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breda H. F. Lau ◽  
Dale J. Butterwick ◽  
Mark R. Lafave ◽  
Nicholas G. Mohtadi
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
University Of Calgary ◽  
Tendon Ruptures ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Return To Competition

Background. Pectoralis major tendon ruptures have been reported in the literature as occupational injuries, accidental injuries, and sporting activities. Few cases have been reported with respect to rodeo activities.Purpose. To describe a series of PM tendon ruptures in professional steer wrestlers.Study Design. Case series, level of evidence, 4.Methods. A retrospective analysis of PM ruptures in a steer wrestling cohort was performed. Injury data between 1992 and 2008 were reviewed using medical records from the University of Calgary Sport Medicine Center.Results. Nine cases of pectoralis major ruptures in professional steer wrestlers were identified. Injuries occurred during the throwing phase of the steer or while breaking a fall. All athletes reported unexpected or abnormal behavior of the steer that contributed to the mechanism of injury. Seven cases were surgically repaired, while two cases opted for nonsurgical intervention. Eight cases reported successful return to competition following the injury.Conclusion. Steer wrestlers represent a unique cohort of PM rupture case studies. Steer wrestling is a demanding sport that involves throwing maneuvers that may predispose the muscle to rupture. All cases demonstrated good functional outcomes regardless of surgical or non-surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Return to Work After Pectoralis Major Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110456
Author(s):  
Avinesh Agarwalla ◽  
Anirudh K. Gowd ◽  
Joseph N. Liu ◽  
Grant H. Garcia ◽  
Gregory P. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Major Repair ◽  
Intensity Information ◽  
Patient Consultation ◽  
Light Medium

Background: Pectoralis major repair (PMR) is an infrequent injury that occurs during resistance training, most commonly during the eccentric phase of muscle contraction. As the incidence of weight training continues to increase, it is important to understand the outcomes after PMR. Purpose: To evaluate the rate and duration of return to work in patients undergoing PMR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing PMR from 2010 to 2016 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. Patients completed a standardized and validated work questionnaire, as well as a visual analog scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons survey, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation, and a satisfaction survey. Results: Of the 60 eligible patients who had a PMR, 49 (81.7%) were contacted at the final follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 46 (93.9%) had been employed within 3 years before surgery (mean ± SD age, 40.4 ± 8.2 years; follow-up, 3.9 ± 2.8 years). Of these, 45 (97.8%) returned to work by 1.6 ± 2.1 months postoperatively, and 41 (89.1%) returned to the same level of occupational intensity. Patients who held sedentary, light-, medium-, or high-intensity occupations returned to work at a rate of 100.0%, 100.0%, 83.3%, and 66.7% by 0.8 ± 1.0, 0.8 ± 1.0, 1.3 ± 2.7, and 3.3 ± 2.7 months, respectively. Five of 6 patients (83.3%) with workers’ compensation returned to their previous occupations by 5.0 ± 1.6 months, while 100% of those without workers’ compensation returned to work by 1.1 ± 1.7 months ( P < .001). Overall, 44 patients (95.7%) were satisfied with the procedure, and 40 (87.0%) would have the operation again if presented the opportunity. A single patient (2.2%) required revision PMR. Conclusion: Approximately 98% of patients who underwent PMR returned to work by 1.6 ± 2.1 months postoperatively. Patients with higher-intensity occupations took longer to return to their preoperative levels of occupational intensity. Information regarding return to work is imperative in preoperative patient consultation to manage expectations.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Early Healing Process After Achilles Tendon Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711878988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Hiramatsu ◽  
Akira Tsujii ◽  
Norimasa Nakamura ◽  
Tomoki Mitsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Healing

Background: Little is known about early healing of repaired Achilles tendons on imaging, particularly up to 6 months postoperatively, when patients generally return to participation in sports. Purpose: To examine changes in repaired Achilles tendon healing with ultrasonography for up to 12 months after surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Ultrasonographic images of 26 ruptured Achilles tendons were analyzed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 months after primary repair. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and intratendinous morphology of the repaired tendons were evaluated using the authors’ own grading system (tendon repair scores), which assessed the anechoic tendon defect area, intratendinous hyperechoic area, continuity of intratendinous fibrillar appearance, and paratendinous edema. Results: The mean ratios (%) of the CSA for the affected versus unaffected side of repaired Achilles tendons gradually increased postoperatively, reached a maximum (632%) at 6 months, and then decreased at 12 months. The mean tendon repair scores increased over time and reached a plateau at 6 months. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is useful to observe the intratendinous morphology of repaired Achilles tendons and to provide useful information for patients who wish to return to sports. Clinical parameters such as strength, functional performance, and quality of healed repaired tendons should also be assessed before allowing patients to return to sports.

Musculotendinous Junction Injuries of the Proximal Biceps Femoris: A Prospective Study of 64 Patients Treated Surgically

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Ayuob ◽  
Babar Kayani ◽  
Fares S. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
Scale Scores

Background: Injuries to the hamstring complex most commonly involve the proximal musculotendinous junction of the long head of the biceps femoris (MTJ-BFlh). Nonoperative management of these injuries is associated with prolonged rehabilitation and high risk of recurrence. To our knowledge, the surgical management of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries has not been previously reported. Hypothesis: Surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries enables return to sporting activity with low risk of recurrence. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 64 patients (42 male and 22 female) undergoing surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries were included. Predefined outcomes were recorded at regular intervals after surgery. Mean follow-up time after surgery was 29.2 months (range, 24.0-37.1 months). Results: All study patients returned to their preinjury levels of sporting activity. Mean ± SD time from surgical intervention to return to sporting activity was 13.4 ± 5.1 weeks. Three patients had reinjury at the operative site: 1 (1.6%) with MTJ-BFlh injury and 2 (3.2%) with myofascial tears. At 3 months after surgery, patients had improved mean passive straight-leg raise (72.0° ± 11.4° vs 24.1° ± 6.8°; P < .001); increased mean isometric hamstring muscle strength at 0° (84.5 % ± 10.4% vs 25.9% ± 8.9%; P < .001), 15° (89.5% ± 7.3% vs 41.2% ± 9.7%; P < .001), and 45° (93.9% ± 5.1% vs 63.4% ± 7.6%; P < .001); higher mean Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores (71.5 ± 5.0 vs 29.8 ± 6.3; P < .001); and improved mean Marx activity rating scores (9.8 ± 2.2 vs 3.8 ± 1.9; P < .001), as compared with preoperative scores. High patient satisfaction and functional outcome scores were maintained at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Conclusion: Surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries enables return to preinjury level of sporting function with low risk of recurrence at short-term follow-up.

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