scholarly journals Recovery Following ACL Reconstruction in Male vs. Female Adolescents: A Matched, Sex-Based Cohort Analysis of 543 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0046
Author(s):  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Lyle Micheli ◽  
Mininder Kocher ◽  
Benton Heyworth ◽  
Kathleen Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Time Point

Objectives: The subject of sex-based differences in postoperative recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between males and females has been incompletely investigated, with no published comparative analyses specifically in adolescents, which represents the sub-population most affected by ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to compare the 6-month postoperative functional recovery following ACLR between adolescent males and females. We hypothesized that significant differences in postoperative strength, dynamic balance, and functional hop test performance would be seen between the sexes. Methods: All adolescent athletes with closed or closing growth plates who underwent ACLR at a single institution between May 2014 and May 2018 and who underwent functional return-to-sport (RTS) testing between 5-8 months post-operatively were considered for inclusion in this IRB-approved study. To control for potential graft-based rehabilitation differences or donor site morbidity as confounders, only primary ACLRs performed with hamstring autograft were included. Exclusion criteria were previous knee surgery (contralateral or ipsilateral knee), concomitant injury/surgery other than meniscus tear/repair, allograft supplementation, and incomplete medical records. Limb Symmetry Indexes (LSI) for strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, hip abductors, hip extensors), dynamic Y-balance (anterior, posterolateral and posteromedial distance), and functional hop test performance (single hop, triple hop, cross-over hop for distance, and 6-meter timed hop) were compared between groups. To account for differences in physical characteristics between the sexes, one-way between group multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used, with p = 0.05. Results: Amongst 543 subjects (211 male, 332 female), there was no significant difference in age, BMI, incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology, use of regional anesthesia blocks, or time to functional testing between cohorts. However, the height and weight differences, which were expected, were incorporated in the MANCOVA model. Females demonstrated a statistically significantly greater deficit in quadriceps strength LSI compared to males (Table 1). Both males and females demonstrated 33% hamstring strength deficits, with no statistically significant sex-based differences in dynamic balance or functional hop testing, though single leg hop deficits were less severe in males, which trended towards significance (-4% vs. -8%, p=0.062). Conclusion: Females demonstrated greater quadriceps strength deficits than males at 6 months post-ACLR with hamstring autograft, which may translate into greater functional hop testing deficits. Severe hamstring strength deficits persist in both males and females at this time point, underscoring the potential importance of mitigating risk of ACL re-tear by delaying return to play until a later time point with more normalized, symmetric, performance-based metrics.

scholarly journals RECOVERY FOLLOWING ACL RECONSTRUCTION IN MALE VS. FEMALE ADOLESCENTS: A MATCHED, SEX-BASED COHORT ANALYSIS OF 543 PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0017
Author(s):  
Kathleen Maguire ◽  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Mininder S. Kocher ◽  
Benton E. Heyworth
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Time Point

Background: The subject of sex-based differences in postoperative recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between males and females has been incompletely investigated, with no published comparative analyses specifically in adolescent sub-populations, which represent those most affected by ACL injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: To compare the 6-month postoperative functional recovery following ACLR between adolescent males and females. We hypothesized that significant differences in postoperative strength, dynamic balance, and functional hop test performance would be seen between the sexes. Methods: All adolescent athletes with closed or closing growth plates who underwent ACLR at a single institution between May 2014 and May 2018 and who underwent functional return-to-sport (RTS) testing between 5-8 months post-operatively were considered for inclusion in this IRB-approved study. To control for potential graft-based rehabilitation differences or donor site morbidity as confounders, only primary ACLRs performed with hamstring autograft were included. Exclusions were previous knee surgery (contralateral or ipsilateral knee), concomitant injury other than meniscus tear, allograft supplementation, and incomplete medical records. Limb Symmetry Indexes (LSI) for strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, hip abductors, hip extensors), dynamic Y-balance (anterior, posterolateral and posteromedial distance), and functional hopping (single hop, triple hop, and cross-over hop for distance, and 6-meter timed hop) were compared between groups. To account for differences in physical characteristics between the sexes, one-way between group multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used, with p = 0.05. Results: Amongst 543 subjects (211 male, 332 female), there was no significant difference in age, BMI, incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology, use of regional anesthesia blocks, or time to functional testing between cohorts. However, height and weight differences were incorporated in the MANCOVA model. Females demonstrated a statistically significant greater deficit in quadriceps strength LSI compared to males (Table 1). Both males and females demonstrated 33% hamstring strength deficits, with no statistically significant sex-based differences in dynamic balance or functional hop testing, though single leg hop deficits were less severe in males, which trended towards significance (-4% vs. -8%, p=0.062). Conclusion: Females demonstrated greater quadriceps strength deficits than males at 6 months post-ACLR with hamstring autograft, which may translate into greater functional hop testing deficits. Severe hamstring strength deficits persist in both males and females at this time point, underscoring the potential importance of mitigating risk of ACL re-tear by delaying return to play until a later time point with more normalized, symmetric, performance-based metrics. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Recovery After ACL Reconstruction in Male Versus Female Adolescents: A Matched, Sex-Based Cohort Analysis of 543 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712110548
Author(s):  
Kathleen Maguire ◽  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Mininder S. Kocher ◽  
Benton E. Heyworth
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hop Test

Background: Differences in postoperative recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between men and women have been demonstrated in the adult population. Sex-based differences have been incompletely investigated in adolescents, which represent the subpopulation most affected by ACL injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the 6-month postoperative functional recovery after ACLR between adolescent boys and girls. It was hypothesized that significant differences in postoperative strength, dynamic balance, and functional hop test performance would be seen between the sexes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included in this study were athletes aged 12 to 19 years with closed or closing growth plates who underwent ACLR with hamstring autograft between May 2014 and May 2018 at a single institution. All athletes had undergone strength and functional testing between 5 and 8 months postoperatively. Exclusion criteria were previous knee surgery (contralateral or ipsilateral knee), concomitant injury/surgery other than meniscal tear/repair, allograft supplementation, and incomplete medical records. The limb symmetry index (LSI) for strength (measured with handheld dynamometer), as well as dynamic Y-balance and functional hop test performance, was compared between groups. To account for differences in physical characteristics between the sexes, 1-way between-group multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, 543 patients (211 boys, 332 girls) were included. There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology, use of regional anesthesia, or time to functional testing between cohorts. Female athletes demonstrated a statistically significantly greater deficit in quadriceps strength LSI compared with male athletes (boys, +3.4%; girls, –2.3%; P = .011). Both male and female athletes demonstrated 33% hamstring strength deficits, with no statistically significant sex-based differences in dynamic balance or functional hop testing. Conclusion: Female athletes demonstrated greater quadriceps strength deficits than male athletes at 6 months after ACLR with hamstring autograft. Severe hamstring strength deficits persisted in both male and female patients at this time point. The correlation of such deficits to risk of ACL retear warrants continued study in the adolescent population and may support a delay in return to sports, which has been suggested in the more recent literature.

scholarly journals Knee Muscle Strength Recovery in the Early Period After ACL Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0014
Author(s):  
Gulcan Harput ◽  
Hasan Erkan Kılınc ◽  
Hamza Özer ◽  
Gül Baltacı ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstrings isometric strength at 4, 8 and 12 week time points following ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) and to document the strength changes of these muscles over time. The primary hypothesis was that there would be significant increases in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths between the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks following ACLR. The secondary hypothesis was that the quadriceps index would be higher than hamstring index at 12th week after ACLR. Methods: Thirty patients (Mean ± SD [age, 29.1±2.3yrs; weight, 77.3±13.2kg; height, 172.1±7.1cm; BMI, 21.2±3.5kg/m2, time to surgery: 7.1±7.2 months]) who underwent ACLR with Hamstring Tendon Autograft (HTG) were enrolled in this study. The isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° knee flexion angle at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after surgery. The recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength following rehabilitation was expressed as a Quadriceps Index (QI) and Hamstring Index (HI) and calculated with the following formula:[(maximum voluntary isometric torque of the involved limb / maximum voluntary isometric torque by uninvolved limb) × 100]. Torque output of the involved and uninvolved limbs and quadriceps and hamstring indexes were used for the statistical analysis. A repeated measures of ANOVA was used to determine the strength changes of quadriceps and hamstrings over time. Results: Quadriceps and Hamstrings strengths significantly increased over time for both involved (Quadriceps: F (2,46)=58.3, p<0.001, Hamstring: F (2,46)=35.7, p<0.001) and uninvolved limb (Quadriceps: F(2,46)=17.9, p<0.001, Hamstring: F(2,46)=56.9, p=0.001 ). Quadriceps strength was higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points for the involved limb (p<0.001), and it was higher at 8th week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb, quadriceps strength was also higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 (p=0.02) and 4 week time point (p<0.001), and higher at 8 week when compared to the 4 week time point (p=0.02). Hamstring strength was higher at 12 week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points (p<0.001) and it was higher at 8 week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb hamstring strength was also higher at 12 week when compared to 4 week time point (p=0.01). There was no significant difference between the 4 and 8 week time points (p>0.05) or between the 8 and 12 week time points (p=0.07). Quadriceps and hamstring indexes significantly changed from 4th weeks (QI:57.9, HI:54.4 ) to 8th weeks (QI:78.8, HI:69.9 ) and from 8th weeks to 12th weeks (QI:82, HI:75.7 ) (p<0.001); however, there was no difference between indexes at the 12-week time point (p=0.17). Conclusion: Isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles for the involved and uninvolved limb increased during the early period of ACLR. The results of this study could be a baseline for clinicians while prescribing a rehabilitation protocol for ACLR patients with HTG to better appreciate expected strength changes of the muscles in the early phase.

scholarly journals QUADRICEPS STRENGTH CHANGES ACROSS THE CONTINUUM OF CARE FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY IN ADOLESCENT MALES AND FEMALES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0009
Author(s):  
Shiho Goto ◽  
Joseph Hannon ◽  
Angellyn Grondin ◽  
James C. Garrison ◽  
Sharon Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Time Point ◽  
The Continuum

Background: Deficits in quadriceps strength have consistently been observed following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) and this deficit is frequently accompanied by altered lower extremity biomechanics that could increase risk of a second ACL injury. Regaining strength is a major focus for rehabilitation; however, it is unclear how quadriceps strength of both the involved (INV) and uninvolved (UnINV) limbs change across the continuum of care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine quadriceps strength from the pre-operative time point until time of return to sport (RTS) in adolescent males and females. Methods: Cohort study design was used. A total of 60 adolescents participated (Males: N = 26, Age = 15.96? 1.23 yr, Ht = 177.14? 8.13 cm, Mass = 76.23? 1.23Kg; Females: N = 34, Age = 15.32? 1.12 yr, Ht = 163.11? 6.30 cm, Mass = 61.39? 7.38Kg) in the study. Participants were included in the study if they: 1) had a primary ACL-R, 2) participated in organized high-risk sports with an intention to return to sports, 3) completed assessments at the pre-operative timepoint (Pre), 12-weeks after surgery (12wk), and at time of RTS, and 4) completed the post-operative rehabilitation program. Five isokinetic repetitions of quadriceps strength (QUADS) of the INV and UnINV limbs were assessed at Pre, 12wk, and RTS, using a Biodex dynamometer (60?/sec). Peak strength was normalized to body weight (BW-1) and averaged across 5 trials. Separate 2 (limb – INV, UnINV) X 3 (time – Pre, 12wk, RTS) repeated measures of ANOVA were performed. With significant interaction, paired t-tests were performed to compare strength between each time point in each limb and between INV and UnINV limbs at each time point. Results: There were significant side by time interactions in adolescent females (F = 6.49, p = 0.002) and males (F=16.57, p < 0.001). Post hoc tests revealed that adolescent females had greater INV RTS QUADS than INV PRE QUADS (p= 0.001) and INV 12wk QUADS (p < 0.001), but no significant differences were observed between any time points in the UnINV limb. Adolescent males demonstrated decreased INV 12wk QUADS compared with INV Pre QUADS (p = 0.032), greater INV RTS QUADS than INV 12wk QUADS (p < 0.001). UnINV 12wk QUADS was lower than UnINV Pre QUADS (p < 0.037) and UnINV RTS QUADS was greater than UnINV Pre QUADS (p < 0.002). In both female and male participants, INV QUADS was significantly less than UnINV QUADS at Pre, 12wk, and RTS time points (Females: p < 0.001, p=0.007, p < 0.001, respectively; Males: p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion/Significance: Quadriceps strength changes differently in adolescent females and males in both the INV and UnINV limbs across the continuum of care following ACL injury. While no changes were observed in UnINV QUADS over time, adolescent females improved INV QUADS from 12wk to RTS without changes in QUADS from Pre to 12wk. Although INV RTS QUADS was greater than INV Pre QUADS, INV RTS QUADS was 27% lower than RTS UnINV QUADS. Since UnINV QUADS is expected to be decreased due to reduced activity compared to that of pre-injury, strengthening the UnINV limb in addition to the INV limb appears to be a priority during rehabilitation. For adolescent males, INV QUADS decreased from Pre to 12wk and returned near to baseline at time of RTS, but not enough to surpass the Pre QUADS. Perhaps, minimizing the reduction of QUADS between the Pre and 12wk time points through an increase of exercise load during the early stages of rehabilitation may help to improve these deficits. Unlike female adolescents, adolescent males improved UnINV strength over time. This improvement may be a compensation of the decreased QUADS of the INV limb as significant deficits of QUADS were present at each time point. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Autograft type affects muscle strength and hop performance after ACL reconstruction. A randomised controlled trial comparing patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts with standard or accelerated rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Cristiani ◽  
Christina Mikkelsen ◽  
Peter Wange ◽  
Daniel Olsson ◽  
Anders Stålman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hamstring Tendon ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocol ◽  
Accelerated Rehabilitation ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Purpose To evaluate and compare changes in quadriceps and hamstring strength and single-leg-hop (SLH) test performance over the first 24 postoperative months in patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) or hamstring tendon (HT) autografts and followed either a standard or an accelerated rehabilitation protocol. Methods A total of 160 patients undergoing ACLR were randomised in four groups depending on the graft that was used and the rehabilitation protocol (40 BPTB/standard rehab, 40 BPTB/accelerated rehab, 40 HT/standard rehab, 40 HT/accelerated rehab). Isokinetic concentric quadriceps and hamstring strength at 90°/s and the SLH test performance were assessed preoperatively and 4,6,8,12 and 24 months postoperatively. The results were reported as the limb symmetry index (LSI) at the same time point. Linear mixed models were used to compare the groups at the different time points. Results An average quadriceps strength LSI of 78.4% was found preoperatively. After ACLR, the LSI first decreased at 4 months and then increased from 6 to 24 months, reaching an overall value of 92.7% at the latest follow-up. The BPTB group showed a significantly decreased LSI at 4, 6, 8 and 12 months compared with the HT group. No significant differences between the graft groups were found at 24 months. An average hamstring strength LSI of 84.6% was found preoperatively. After ACLR, the LSI increased from 4 to 24 months in the BTPB group. In the HT group, the LSI first decreased at 4 months and then increased from 6 to 24 months. An LSI of 97.1% and 89.1% was found at the latest follow-up for the BPTB and the HT group, respectively. The HT group showed a significantly decreased LSI at all follow-ups compared with the BPTB group. An average SLH test LSI of 81% was found preoperatively. After ACLR, the LSI increased from 4 to 24 months, reaching 97.6% overall at the latest follow-up. The BPTB group showed a significantly decreased LSI only at 4 months postoperatively compared with the HT group. No significant differences in any of the three tests were found between the standard and accelerated rehabilitation groups for either of the graft groups at any time point. Conclusion Muscle strength and SLH test performance recovered progressively after ACLR overall, but they did not all fully recover, as the injured leg performed on average less than 100% compared with the uninjured leg even 24 months postoperatively. After ACLR, inferior quadriceps strength and a poorer SLH test performance were found at 4, 6, 8 and 12 months and at 4 months, respectively, for the BTPB group compared with the HT group. Persistent, inferior hamstring strength was found at all postoperative follow-ups in the HT group. Rehabilitation, standard or accelerated, had no significant impact on the recovery of muscle strength and SLH test performance after ACLR in any of the graft groups. Level of Evidence Level I.

scholarly journals Comparison of Short-term Biodex Results After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among 3 Autografts

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596711984763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Hughes ◽  
Jeremy M. Burnham ◽  
Angela Hirsh ◽  
Volker Musahl ◽  
Freddie H. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Quadriceps Weakness ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: An individualized approach to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) typically includes criteria-based postoperative rehabilitation. However, recent literature has suggested residual quadriceps weakness up to 12 months after ACLR, especially with a quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft. Hypothesis: The QT would have poorer quadriceps strength symmetry at 5 to 8 months compared with the hamstring tendon (HS) and patellar tendon (BPTB), but there would be no significant difference at 9 to 15 months among all 3 groups. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent anatomic primary ACLR with an autograft were reviewed retrospectively. Isometric quadriceps and hamstring strength measurements were obtained clinically at 5 to 8 months and 9 to 15 months postoperatively. Return-to-running and return-to-play criteria included greater than 80% and 90% quadriceps strength symmetry, respectively. Results: A total of 73 patients with 5- to 8-month follow-up were identified, and 52 patients had 9- to 15-month data. The QT group had a significantly lower quadriceps index at 5 to 8 months (69.5 ± 17.4) compared with the BPTB (82.8 ± 14.6; P = .014) and the HS (86.0 ± 18.6; P = .001) groups. More patients with an BPTB autograft met criteria for return to running and return to play (60% and 47%, respectively) compared with the QT group (26% and 13%, respectively) at 5 to 8 months. Given the sample sizes available, we observed no significant difference in the quadriceps index and return-to-play and return-to-running criteria at 9 to 15 months among those undergoing ACLR with a QT, BPTB, or HS graft. Conclusion: Patients undergoing ACLR with a QT graft demonstrated clinically meaningful quadriceps asymmetry at 5 to 8 months and 9 to 15 months postoperatively. Additionally, fewer patients in the QT group met criteria for return to play and running at 5 to 8 months than the BPTB and HS groups. These data suggest that a longer time to return to play and specific rehabilitation protocols that emphasize quadriceps strengthening may be necessary because of residual quadriceps weakness after ACLR with a QT graft.

scholarly journals PREVENTING INJURY IN YOUTH ATHLETES (PRIYA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0016
Author(s):  
Neeru Jayanthi
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Control School ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emory University ◽  
Hop Test

Affiliation: Emory Sports Medicine Center & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA Background: To compare the incidence of re-injury after lower extremity (LE) injury and the days missed following LE injury in high school athletes who use a criteria-based single leg hop test (SLHT) to determine return-to-play (RTP) versus those that do not utilize a criteria-based method. Methods: Prospective cohort analysis of athletic exposures (AE), injuries, re-injuries, and RTP duration between two high schools during the 2017-2018 fall season. One school (SLHT school) utilized the SLHT to determine RTP after LE injuries. The other school (control school) did not utilize a criteria-based method. Athletes were excluded if they sustained a fracture, high-grade ligament tear, or injury requiring surgery. Incidence rates (IR) of LE injuries, re-injuries, and average RTP duration after LE injury were calculated for each school. Results: At the time of submission, there were 66,100 AEs with 41 LE injuries (LE injury IR = 6.2 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 4.6-8.4) at the SLHT school and 45,342 AEs with 34 LE injuries (7.7 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 5.5-10.8) at the control school (p=0.34). The average RTP duration after LE injury was 12.3 days at the SLHT school and 12.7 days at the control school (p=0.12). There were no re-injuries after LE injury at the SLHT school, and 1 at the control school. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between LE injury rates or RTP duration between the control and intervention schools. There was only 1 re-injury after LE injury that occurred at the control school. Significance: The SLHT does not appear to influence reinjury risk in RTP progression, however it does not add any additional days missed on RTP compared to control school with no criteria-based progression. We will continue to monitor for differences prospectively for another year of exposures. Acknowledgements This study was supported by a grant from the AMSSM Foundation and a grant from the Emory University Department of Orthopaedics.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED RECOVERY TIME FROM SPORTS-RELATED CONCUSSION IN DUAL GENDER SPORTS FROM 2012-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0013
Author(s):  
SO Burkhart ◽  
CS Ellis ◽  
CA Jones ◽  
TM Smurawa ◽  
JD Polousky
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rank One ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Injury Reporting

Background: Sport-related concussion (SRC) is one of the leading injuries among athletes. Previous epidemiological studies have reported incidence rates of concussion among dual gender sports in which both males and females participate including; soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball yet minimal research has been conducted on differences in recovery time following concussion in the dual gender sports mentioned above. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine injury reporting trends associated with recovery time from concussion in dual gender sports from 2012-2017. Methods: Athletes with a reported SRC, ages 12 to 18 participating in baseball, softball, basketball, and soccer from 2012 to 2017 were included in the current study. Injury and exposure data was extracted and analyzed from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD). SRC counts, percentages, and recovery time in days were reported based on extracted data. All demographic and raw data were summarized using descriptive statistics with point estimates and 95% confidence intervals calculated for all end points. Independent sample t-tests were performed at <0.05 to measure significant differences between groups. Results: 1,306 athletes (males=583, females=723) with an SRC and corresponding date of return to play recorded in the ROH ISD and participating in dual gender sports were analyzed. 242 baseball/softball SRCs (male=103, mean recovery days=17.82; female=139, mean recovery days=22.12), 458 basketball SRCs (male=187, mean recovery days=20.16; female=271, mean recovery days=23.29), and 606 soccer SRCs (male=193, mean recovery days=19.96; female=413, mean recovery days=23.71) were included. A statistically significant difference in recovery time was observed in male and female soccer SRCs ( t=2.09, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed in recovery time in baseball/softball ( t=1.59, p=0.057) and basketball ( t=1.49, p=0.068). Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind to examine gender differences in report recovery time from SRCs in dual gender sports where both males and females participate. Significant gender differences were observed in reported recovery time in soccer athletes. Sports specialization, level of play, injury education level among participants, and training regiments could all be potential causes for the observed differences. Further research is warranted to explore these gender differences and identify potential causes for these findings.

scholarly journals Effects of sensorimotor training on pelvic stability and balance in runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Jonas de Freitas ◽  
Sharon Moreira Ignácio ◽  
Thatia Regina Bonfim
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Sensorimotor Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: Running has increased significantly in recent years due to its benefits and practicality. However, like any sport, running poses a risk of injury, leading to the need for clinical intervention and even its practitioners quitting the sport. Therefore, preventive strategies seeking to minimize the occurrence and consequences of such risk factors in these athletes are pivotal. Objective: To investigate the preventive effects of a sensorimotor training protocol on the balance and pelvic stability of runners. Methods: The study sample consisted of fourteen 10-km runners of both genders divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the sensorimotor training group (SMTG). Both groups were evaluated using the single-leg stance test (static balance), Trendelenburg test (pelvic stability), and hop test (dynamic balance). The SMTG underwent 16 interventions, while the CG did not receive any intervention. Results: The SMTG showed a significant increase in the permanence time of the single-leg stance test (p < 0.05) and a reduction in knee valgus during impulse and landing moments of the single hop test only in the right lower limb (p < 0.05), while the CG showed no significant difference in all tests applied (p > 0.05). Regarding pelvic stability, there was no significant difference in any of the groups. Conclusion: The proposed protocol significantly improved the static balance of the SMTG, but not the pelvic stability.

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