scholarly journals Recovery After ACL Reconstruction in Male Versus Female Adolescents: A Matched, Sex-Based Cohort Analysis of 543 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712110548
Author(s):  
Kathleen Maguire ◽  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Mininder S. Kocher ◽  
Benton E. Heyworth
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hop Test

Background: Differences in postoperative recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between men and women have been demonstrated in the adult population. Sex-based differences have been incompletely investigated in adolescents, which represent the subpopulation most affected by ACL injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the 6-month postoperative functional recovery after ACLR between adolescent boys and girls. It was hypothesized that significant differences in postoperative strength, dynamic balance, and functional hop test performance would be seen between the sexes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included in this study were athletes aged 12 to 19 years with closed or closing growth plates who underwent ACLR with hamstring autograft between May 2014 and May 2018 at a single institution. All athletes had undergone strength and functional testing between 5 and 8 months postoperatively. Exclusion criteria were previous knee surgery (contralateral or ipsilateral knee), concomitant injury/surgery other than meniscal tear/repair, allograft supplementation, and incomplete medical records. The limb symmetry index (LSI) for strength (measured with handheld dynamometer), as well as dynamic Y-balance and functional hop test performance, was compared between groups. To account for differences in physical characteristics between the sexes, 1-way between-group multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, 543 patients (211 boys, 332 girls) were included. There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology, use of regional anesthesia, or time to functional testing between cohorts. Female athletes demonstrated a statistically significantly greater deficit in quadriceps strength LSI compared with male athletes (boys, +3.4%; girls, –2.3%; P = .011). Both male and female athletes demonstrated 33% hamstring strength deficits, with no statistically significant sex-based differences in dynamic balance or functional hop testing. Conclusion: Female athletes demonstrated greater quadriceps strength deficits than male athletes at 6 months after ACLR with hamstring autograft. Severe hamstring strength deficits persisted in both male and female patients at this time point. The correlation of such deficits to risk of ACL retear warrants continued study in the adolescent population and may support a delay in return to sports, which has been suggested in the more recent literature.

scholarly journals Recovery Following ACL Reconstruction in Male vs. Female Adolescents: A Matched, Sex-Based Cohort Analysis of 543 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0046
Author(s):  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Lyle Micheli ◽  
Mininder Kocher ◽  
Benton Heyworth ◽  
Kathleen Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Time Point

Objectives: The subject of sex-based differences in postoperative recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between males and females has been incompletely investigated, with no published comparative analyses specifically in adolescents, which represents the sub-population most affected by ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to compare the 6-month postoperative functional recovery following ACLR between adolescent males and females. We hypothesized that significant differences in postoperative strength, dynamic balance, and functional hop test performance would be seen between the sexes. Methods: All adolescent athletes with closed or closing growth plates who underwent ACLR at a single institution between May 2014 and May 2018 and who underwent functional return-to-sport (RTS) testing between 5-8 months post-operatively were considered for inclusion in this IRB-approved study. To control for potential graft-based rehabilitation differences or donor site morbidity as confounders, only primary ACLRs performed with hamstring autograft were included. Exclusion criteria were previous knee surgery (contralateral or ipsilateral knee), concomitant injury/surgery other than meniscus tear/repair, allograft supplementation, and incomplete medical records. Limb Symmetry Indexes (LSI) for strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, hip abductors, hip extensors), dynamic Y-balance (anterior, posterolateral and posteromedial distance), and functional hop test performance (single hop, triple hop, cross-over hop for distance, and 6-meter timed hop) were compared between groups. To account for differences in physical characteristics between the sexes, one-way between group multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used, with p = 0.05. Results: Amongst 543 subjects (211 male, 332 female), there was no significant difference in age, BMI, incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology, use of regional anesthesia blocks, or time to functional testing between cohorts. However, the height and weight differences, which were expected, were incorporated in the MANCOVA model. Females demonstrated a statistically significantly greater deficit in quadriceps strength LSI compared to males (Table 1). Both males and females demonstrated 33% hamstring strength deficits, with no statistically significant sex-based differences in dynamic balance or functional hop testing, though single leg hop deficits were less severe in males, which trended towards significance (-4% vs. -8%, p=0.062). Conclusion: Females demonstrated greater quadriceps strength deficits than males at 6 months post-ACLR with hamstring autograft, which may translate into greater functional hop testing deficits. Severe hamstring strength deficits persist in both males and females at this time point, underscoring the potential importance of mitigating risk of ACL re-tear by delaying return to play until a later time point with more normalized, symmetric, performance-based metrics.

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Lori Rittenhouse-Wollmuth ◽  
Cindra S. Kamphoff ◽  
Jon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Female Coaches

Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.’s study investigating male and female athletes’ perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes’ attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches’ gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.’s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

Confidence to Return to Play After ACL Reconstruction: An Evaluation of Quadriceps Strength Symmetry and Injury Mechanism in Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110438
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Straub ◽  
Francesco Della Villa ◽  
Bert Mandelbaum ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
The Relationship

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), diminished quadriceps strength symmetry and reduced psychological readiness to return to play (RTP) increase the risk for subsequent injury. Although the relationship between quadriceps strength symmetry and psychological readiness to RTP has been reported to be influenced by injury mechanism in female athletes, it is unclear whether such a relationship exists in male athletes. Hypothesis: Quadriceps strength symmetry would be positively associated with greater psychological readiness to RTP after ACLR, regardless of injury mechanism. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Level of Evidence: Level 3 (cohort study). Methods: Sixty male patients completed strength testing and the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale (I-PRRS) at an outpatient clinical facility as part of return to sport testing after ACLR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the I-PRRS and the independent variables of interest (quadriceps strength symmetry and injury mechanism). Results: For all patients combined, no symmetry × mechanism interaction was found ( P = 0.11). A significant positive relationship was found between quadriceps strength symmetry and the I-PRRS score ( P < 0.001, R2 = 0.31), after adjusting for time post-ACLR and injury mechanism. Conclusion: Greater quadriceps strength symmetry was associated with greater psychological readiness to RTP after ACLR in male athletes. In contrast to what has been reported in female athletes, this relationship was independent of injury mechanism. Clinical Relevance: Given the potential negative consequences of quadriceps strength deficits on one’s confidence to RTP, the need to restore quadriceps symmetry during the postoperative period is readily apparent. Low confidence or low psychological readiness to RTP may be indicative of quadriceps strength asymmetry or poor physical function in general.

Olympic Athletes and Heroism in Advertising: Gendered Concepts of Valor?

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robyn Goodman ◽  
Lisa L. Duke ◽  
John Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Television Advertisements

This analysis of television advertisements aired during NBC's telecast of the 2000 NBC Summer Olympics examined advertisers' use of Jungian-based concepts of heroism and gendered concepts of heroism. Using traditional archetypes of heroes—the Innocent, Orphan, Martyr, Wanderer, Warrior, and Magician—the study analyzed commercials featuring Olympic athletes. Findings were that male and female athletes were equally portrayed as Warriors. However, male athletes were more likely to be portrayed as preparing for and doing battle successfully while female athletes were more likely to be celebrated for their athletic skills and achievements.

scholarly journals Somatotype of male and female judokas according to weight categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Dragan Atanasov ◽  
Filip Sadri ◽  
Dzenan Jahic ◽  
Danilo Bojanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Method Analysis

SummaryStudy aim: The body structure can play a determining role in the achievement of top judo performance, and it seems to influence the type of techniques applied. The aim of this study is to determine the somatotypes in male and female national level judokas across weight categories in order to observe possible differences among athletes.Material and methods: A total of 61 male judokas (23.2 ± 2.7 years old) and 37 female judokas (22.3 ± 3.3 years old) participated in this study. Anthropometric variables were used to calculate somatotypes. Somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to determine differences between weight categories and obtained effect sizes (η2) were presented as well.Results: Somatotype differences among weight categories in male and female judokas were observed. Generally, all categories could be classified in three somatotypes in male and female athletes.Conclusions: The lightest categories were recognized as mesomorphic ectomorphs in females with an exception in the –48 kg category, and ectomorphic mesomorphs in male athletes. The middle ones had the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype and the heaviest athletes presented somewhat more extreme cases of endomorphic mesomorphs, both in male and female judokas. According to the results obtained, judokas have a specific body composition in different weight categories. Therefore, coaches could create a specific training programme for athletes who belong to different somatotypes.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics of Athletes at Student’s Education and Training Center in Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Yahya Eko Nopiyanto ◽  
Septian Raibowo ◽  
Gilang Ugo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Student Training ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The study of athletes’ psychological characteristics in the education and students training center (PLPP) Bengkulu needs to be conducted as an effort to fix athletes’ training and achievement in PLPP Bengkulu. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological difference between male and female athletes in the education and student training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. Type of this research was quantitative with a comparative design. The subjects in this research were 26 athletes, namely 6 athletic athletes, 4 weight lifting athletes, 8 wrestling athletes, 4 karate athletes, and 4 boxing athletes. The data collection technique was conducted with the psychological skills inventory for sports that adopted from Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, (1987). Validity of the instrument is 0,21–0,35 and the reliability is 0,890. Data were analyzed using t-test with a significant level of 0.05. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that male athletes have a mean of 133.52 while female athletes have a mean value of 142.72 and significant value 0f 0,60>0.05.  From results of this research, it was concluded that there were no difference in the psychological characteristics between male and female athletes in the education and students training center (PPLP) of Bengkulu. For the next researcher is expected to able using more samples and adding other research variables such as training of psychological skill and athletes personalities.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Athletic and Academic Cultures on a University Campus

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-124
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sellers ◽  
George B. Yancey ◽  
Kelsey C. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Academic Department ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
Clan Culture ◽  
Sports Team

Abstract: In order to explore the differences between a student’s academic life and a scholar-athlete’s sports life, we investigated the organizational cultures of a university’s academic departments and sports teams by surveying 259 students and 230 student-athletes. We found the academic cultures to be more clannish (family oriented) and the sports cultures more market (performance and results) driven. For the female athletes, we found a negative relationship between clan culture and satisfaction with their sports team, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) clan culture was positively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. Relatedly, for the female athletes, the relationship between market culture and satisfaction with their sports team was positive, while for everyone else (male and female students and male athletes) market culture was negatively related to satisfaction with academic department or sports team. This suggests that there are important differences between the experiences of male and female student-athletes. We also found the participants in the business school to be less clannish than those in the other schools and colleges. We discuss the practical implications of these results for coaches of male and female athletes and for campus leaders of academic departments.  

scholarly journals RECOVERY FOLLOWING ACL RECONSTRUCTION IN MALE VS. FEMALE ADOLESCENTS: A MATCHED, SEX-BASED COHORT ANALYSIS OF 543 PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0017
Author(s):  
Kathleen Maguire ◽  
Dai Sugimoto ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Mininder S. Kocher ◽  
Benton E. Heyworth
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Time Point

Background: The subject of sex-based differences in postoperative recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between males and females has been incompletely investigated, with no published comparative analyses specifically in adolescent sub-populations, which represent those most affected by ACL injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: To compare the 6-month postoperative functional recovery following ACLR between adolescent males and females. We hypothesized that significant differences in postoperative strength, dynamic balance, and functional hop test performance would be seen between the sexes. Methods: All adolescent athletes with closed or closing growth plates who underwent ACLR at a single institution between May 2014 and May 2018 and who underwent functional return-to-sport (RTS) testing between 5-8 months post-operatively were considered for inclusion in this IRB-approved study. To control for potential graft-based rehabilitation differences or donor site morbidity as confounders, only primary ACLRs performed with hamstring autograft were included. Exclusions were previous knee surgery (contralateral or ipsilateral knee), concomitant injury other than meniscus tear, allograft supplementation, and incomplete medical records. Limb Symmetry Indexes (LSI) for strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, hip abductors, hip extensors), dynamic Y-balance (anterior, posterolateral and posteromedial distance), and functional hopping (single hop, triple hop, and cross-over hop for distance, and 6-meter timed hop) were compared between groups. To account for differences in physical characteristics between the sexes, one-way between group multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used, with p = 0.05. Results: Amongst 543 subjects (211 male, 332 female), there was no significant difference in age, BMI, incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology, use of regional anesthesia blocks, or time to functional testing between cohorts. However, height and weight differences were incorporated in the MANCOVA model. Females demonstrated a statistically significant greater deficit in quadriceps strength LSI compared to males (Table 1). Both males and females demonstrated 33% hamstring strength deficits, with no statistically significant sex-based differences in dynamic balance or functional hop testing, though single leg hop deficits were less severe in males, which trended towards significance (-4% vs. -8%, p=0.062). Conclusion: Females demonstrated greater quadriceps strength deficits than males at 6 months post-ACLR with hamstring autograft, which may translate into greater functional hop testing deficits. Severe hamstring strength deficits persist in both males and females at this time point, underscoring the potential importance of mitigating risk of ACL re-tear by delaying return to play until a later time point with more normalized, symmetric, performance-based metrics. [Table: see text]

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