scholarly journals Standard Error of the Mean and Minimal Detectable Change of Gait Speed in Older Adults Using Japanese Long-Term Care Insurance System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142110489
Author(s):  
Yui Takada ◽  
Shigeharu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Mean

Evaluation of motor function, such as gait ability, can accurately predict the subsequent occurrence of disability in older adults. There are no reports of standard error of the mean (SEM) or minimal detectable change (MDC) with respect to gait in Japanese long-term care insurance-certified individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the values of preferred gait, fast gait, and the timed up and go (TUG) test. This study included 46 participants using the Japanese long-term care insurance system. (age 86.5 ± 6.6 years, 12 men, 34 women). The duration of three gait were measured twice using a stopwatch. The SEM was 0.07 for preferred gait, 0.09 for fast gait and 2.59 for TUG. The MDC was 0.19 for preferred gait, 0.26 for fast gait, and 7.17 for TUG. The SEM and MDC values of preferred gait, fast gait, and TUG in this study corroborated with those of previous studies, whereas others were different. Considering that gait speed differs with the country, it may be difficult to compare it among different population groups. We obtained the results of gait speed of Japanese long-term care insurance-certified individuals, which is a new finding

Willingness to Pay for Long-term Care Insurance System in a Municipality in Tokyo

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
High Expectation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Japanese Yen

This study attempted to estimate the valuation of Long-term care (LTC) insurance system among the residents in a municipality in Tokyo by applying the Willingness to Pay (WTP) approach. The mean WTP for Group one (those aged 65 and over) and Group two (those aged between 40 and 64) was estimated to be 13, 305 Japanese Yen and 8, 722 Japanese Yen, respectively. Both amounts exceed the contribution estimated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2, 500 Japanese Yen). The result reflects a high expectation for the system especially among those in Group one. It also suggests that those in Group one may be able to shoulder more financial responsibility for the system. Further research on WTP for LTC insurance system is deemed beneficial for its successful management.

Determinants of long-term care insurance applications in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunhee Park ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Chang Gi Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background South Korea established universal long-term care insurance (LTCI) in 2008. However, actual requests for LTCI remain lower than government estimates because some eligible candidates never apply despite their strong care needs. This study aimed to examine factors affecting LTCI applications for older, community-dwelling Koreans. Methods Both individual- and community-level data were obtained from a national dataset from the Korea Health Panel Survey and the Korea National Statistical Office (N = 523). Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results Only 16.4% of older adults in need of care applied for LTCI. Those who applied were more likely to be older, report poor self-rated health, receive care from non-family caregivers, and have caregivers experiencing high levels of caregiving burden. Regional differences in LTCI applications existed concerning the financial condition of one’s community. Conclusions Our study findings emphasize that Korean LTCI should implement both individual and community strategies to better assist older adults in properly acquiring LTCI. The government should make comprehensive efforts to increase access to LTCI in terms of availability, quality, cost, and information by collaborating with local centers.

scholarly journals Role of Private Long-Term Care Insurance in Financial Sustainability for an Aging Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8894
Author(s):  
Eva Boj del Val ◽  
M. Mercè Claramunt Bielsa ◽  
Xavier Varea Soler
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Mean

This work analyzes and quantifies the significance of private long-term care insurance for the elderly in protecting families from the increased expenses derived from dependency. We propose an economic and financial model for consumption and income deficit evolution. Survival/dependency are modeled by a Markov process with stochastic simulation techniques to obtain random variable distributions. Based on the Spanish survey of household finances data, Spanish families are classified using a cluster analysis for the wealth decumulation period. The conclusion is that, for a generic family, hiring long-term care insurance causes a significant reduction in the probability of lack of liquidity, the mean first time of lack of liquidity (if it occurs), and the mean present value of overall liquidity needs. It is also observed that there are important differences between these impacts on different groups of families. These results show that hiring long-term care insurance would considerably lower financial problems in the decumulation period.

scholarly journals Prevention Services via Public Long-term Care Insurance can be Effective Among a Specific Group of Older Adults: A City Claim Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Takahiro Mori ◽  
Natsumi Shimafuji ◽  
Katsuya Iijima ◽  
Satoru Yoshie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Preventive Service ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Support Level ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
Level 1

Abstract BackgroundTo evaluate the effects of prevention services provided by long-term care insurance (LTCI) for older adults who require support from LTCI in Kashiwa City, Japan MethodsWe conducted an analysis using the following population-based longitudinal data in Kashiwa City between April 2012 and March 2015: Data of National Health Insurance and LTCI claims, the survey for certification of LTCI, the register, and premium tier classification. All data was linked using the pre-assigned anonymous identifying numbers. We analyzed the Cox regression model using the time for the deteriorations of long-term care levels as an outcome and the use of preventive care services as the primary exposure among participants aged 75 years or older, who had either support levels 1 or 2 at the beginning of this analysis. The study was further stratified by both age and initial support level. ResultsThe final analysis included 1,289 participants. The primary result showed, among all participants, that preventive service was not effective (hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.19). In our sub-analysis, the preventive service was effective in avoiding deteriorations only among those aged 85 and older with support level 1 (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.97) out of four groups.ConclusionsThe preventive services of LTCI in Kashiwa City showed a significant effect on the deterioration among subjects aged 85 or older, whose disabled level were low (support level 1). Our results suggest that the prevention services provided by LTCI may not be effective for all older individuals; to provide these services efficiently, local governments, as insurers of LTCI, will need to identify the specified groups that may benefit from the preventive services.

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