To Analyze the Influencing Factors of Senile Coronary Heart Disease Patients Complicated with Frailty Syndrome

To analyze the influencing factors of senile coronary heart disease patients complicated with frailty syndrome. A total of 80 elderly patients with coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The Fried Frailty Symptom Scale was used to evaluate whether the 80 patients were complicated with frailty syndrome. According to the evaluation results, the patients were divided into a nonfrailty syndrome group (52 cases in total) and frailty syndrome group (28 cases in total). Clinical data of two groups of patients were collected, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of senile coronary heart disease patients complicated with frailty syndrome. Among 80 patients, the incidence of frailty syndrome was 35.00% (28/80), including 18 cases in early frailty and 10 cases in frailty stage. Univariate analysis showed that age, body mass (BMI), diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tumor, high uric acid hematic disease, arrhythmia, interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), uric acid (UA), serum creatinine (Scr), serum protein (ALB), white blood cell count (WBC), and neutrophil count were the possible risk factors for senile coronary heart disease complicated with frailty syndrome ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that combined COPD, combined tumor, IL-6, BNP, UA, SCR, ALB, and neutrophil count were independent risk factors for senile CHD complicated with frailty syndrome ( P < 0.05). Combined with COPD, combined with tumor, IL-6, BNP, UA, SCR, ALB, and neutron cell count are the influencing factors for senile coronary heart disease patients complicated with frailty syndrome. These factors can be used as the basis for the diagnosis of frailty syndrome and guide the clinical development of targeted diagnosis and treatment plan.

Salivary IL-6 Concentration Is Associated with Frailty Syndrome in Older Individuals

Background: One of the physiological changes that is most closely associated with frailty is the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IL-6 in particular. Most studies have demonstrated this association using blood samples. We analyzed the relationship between frailty syndrome, individual frailty criteria, and IL-6 levels obtained by saliva tests. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was performed among women institutionalized in nursing homes. Frailty was defined as having three or more of the following components: low lean mass, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, low activity level, and slow walking speed; prefrailty was defined as having one or two of those components. Results: There was a significant and positive correlation between the frailty score and salivary IL-6 concentration. Regarding the associations between IL-6 and individual dichotomized frailty criteria, there were significant differences in salivary IL-6 concentration in two frailty criteria: weight loss (p = 0.002) and low physical activity (p = 0.007). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that IL-6 concentration significantly (p < 0.05) (although moderately) discriminated patients that progressed in the frailty syndrome (the area under the curve value was 0.697 with 95% CI 0.566–0.827). Conclusions: Salivary IL-6 concentration can be used as potential biomarker of frailty syndrome and as a tool to monitor the effects of interventions in frail individuals.

Concerns of Quality and Reliability of Educational Videos Focused on Frailty Syndrome on YouTube Platform

(1) Background: Evaluation of the quality and reliability of the frailty syndrome videos available on YouTube platform was the aim of this study. (2) Methods: The observational study included 75 videos retrieved by searching seven terms related to frailty syndrome on YouTube. The quality and reliability of the videos were measured using three different tools: quality criteria for consumer health information (DISCERN), the Global Quality Score (GQS), and the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA). The video content was categorized according to the following characteristics: video provider, duration, view count, average daily views of the video, average daily views of a channel, channel subscribers, number of days since upload date, likes, dislikes, comments, the external webpages linked to the videos. (3) Results: The videos had a mean duration of 375 s and an average number of views of 1114. The quality of 17 videos assessed in the study was found to be high, 48—intermediate, and 10—low. The high-quality videos had the longest duration, the highest number of views, and points for the DISCERN score. The physician uploaders had the highest mean DISCERN and mean GQS scores, the highest number of views, and the longest duration but the hospital channels had the highest JAMA score. (4) Conclusions: YouTube can be a valuable source of medical information for patients and caregivers. The quality of videos mostly depends on the authorship and the source of video providers—physicians, academic, and health care-related organizations provide the best quality content based on professional medical knowledge.

Pro-inflammatory diet, frailty and sarcopenia: a study with older people in outpatient care

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), sarcopenia, and frailty syndrome in older people. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study was carried out with 135 older people, attended by a general outpatient clinic. The older people were classified in relation to sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. The frailty classification was made through self-referred questions. The calculation of the DII was made using the iOS application IF RATING®. Association analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 135 older people evaluated, 17.78% were classified as sarcopenic and 47.41% as frail. No association was observed between the most inflammatory DII and sarcopenia. Regarding frailty syndrome, older people with a more inflammatory DII were more likely to be frail (OR=3.64; 95%CI=1.24-10.70). Discussion: These results could stimulate actions to promote an anti-inflammatory diet, with a view to preventing frailty in older people.

A Simple Risk Score Based on Routine Clinical Parameters Can Predict Frailty in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients

Frailty syndrome (FS) has recently attracted attention as one of the major predictors of heart failure (HF) course severity. We aimed to develop a simple tool for predicting frailty in hospitalized HF patients using routine clinical parameters. A total of 153 hospitalized patients diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were included in the study. Presence of FS was assessed with the SHARE-FI questionnaire. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected. Using ROC curves and logistic regression analysis, a model predicting FS presence was developed and tested. Proposed model includes five variables with following cut-off values (1 point for each variable): age > 50 years, systolic pressure on admission < 110 mmHg, total cholesterol < 4.85 mmol/L, bilirubin ≥ 15.5 mmol/L, and alanine aminotransferase ≤ 34 U/L. Receiving 5 points was considered a high risk of FS with positive and negative predictive values (NPV), 83% and 72%, respectively, and specificity of 97%. Awarding 2 points or less ruled out FS in the studied group with negative predictive value 94%. The presented novel, simple score predicts FS in HFrEF patients with routine clinical parameters and has good positive and negative predictive values.

Exploring Early Detection of Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: Evaluation of Oxi-Immune Markers, Clinical Parameters and Modifiable Risk Factors

Ageing is accompanied with a decline in several physiological systems. Frailty is an age-related syndrome correlated to the loss of homeostasis and increased vulnerability to stressors, which is associated with increase in the risk of disability, comorbidity, hospitalisation, and death in older adults. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between frailty syndrome, immune activation, and oxidative stress. Serum concentrations of vitamins A and E were also evaluated, as well as inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and IL-6) and oxidative DNA levels. A group of Portuguese older adults (≥65 years old) was engaged in this study and classified according to Fried’s frailty phenotype. Significant increases in the inflammatory mediators (CRP and IL-6), neopterin levels, kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp), and phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (Phe/Tyr), and significant decreases in Trp and Tyr concentrations were observed in the presence of frailty. IL-6, neopterin, and Kyn/Trp showed potential as predictable biomarkers of frailty syndrome. Several clinical parameters such as nutrition, dependency scales, and polypharmacy were related to frailty and, consequently, may influence the associations observed. Results obtained show a progressive immune activation and production of pro-inflammatory molecules in the presence of frailty, agreeing with the inflammageing model. Future research should include different dimensions of frailty, including psychological, social, biological, and environmental factors.

Socio-Demographic, Clinical and Psychological Profile of Frailty Patients Living in the Home Environment and Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Frailty syndrome, as a physiological syndrome, is characterized by a gradual decline in physiological reserve and a lowered resistance to stress-inducing factors, leading to an increased risk of adverse outcomes. It is significantly connected with dependence on care and frequent hospitalizations.Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe socio-demographic, clinical and psychological profile of frailty older adults living in their own homes and to nursing homes.Methods: The study was conducted with 180 patients who were over 60 years of age, the mean (±SD) was 74.1 (±8.8) years. Among the subjects, 90 individuals were community-dwelling older adults. The survey used a list of socio-demographic questions, as well as the following scales: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), SHARE-FI, and The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref).Results: Pre-frailty was confirmed in 49 (27.2%) patients, and frailty syndrome was noticed in 47 patients (26.1%). The prevalence of frailty syndrome in the study group was related to: place of living (p &lt; 0.001), age (p &lt; 0.001), widowhood (p &lt; 0.001), a poor economic situation (p &lt; 0.001), basic education level (p &lt; 0.001), living alone (p &lt; 0.001), longer duration of illness (p &lt; 0.001), comorbidities (p &lt; 0.001), more medications taken (p &lt; 0.001), deterioration of hearing (p = 0.003), impairment of cognitive functions (p &lt; 0.001), depression (p &lt; 0.001), and decreased quality of life (p &lt; 0.001).Discussion: A lot of socio-demographic and medical factors, particularly cognitive and mental functioning were connected with the prevalence and progression of frailty syndrome in the study group. Quality of life was significantly dependent on the presence of frailty syndrome, both in homes and in nursing homes.

Functional capacity and risk of frailty syndrome in 85-year-old and older women living in nursing homes in Poland

Maintaining sufficient physical fitness to prevent any limitations in performing activities of daily living and to be functionally independent is of great importance for both longevity and quality of life in older adults. Aim of the study was to evaluate functional physical fitness of women aged 85 years and older, residents of nursing homes, in the Polish population and to assess the risk of frailty syndrome. The study involved 17 women aged 85 years or older, residents of nursing homes in the Lower Silesian voivodeship. The Senior Fitness Test was used to assess functional fitness. The results of functional fitness tests were related to the standards for the elderly population in Poland and to the reference standards for maintaining independence. In addition, hand grip strength level was measured using a hand dynamometer, height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess the level of depression. We used 3 of the 5 proposed criteria from the Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Index to assess the presence of frailty syndrome: gait speed, level of hand grip strength, and the presence of depression. The results of the Senior Fitness Test demonstrate the low level of functional fitness of female nursing home residents. A large percentage of the women surveyed are below the standard values developed for Polish seniors. The weakest results were in the timed up and go test, with more than 94% of the women tested falling outside the standard ranges. The mean results of all samples do not meet the developed reference standards for maintaining independence. No non-frail person was found among the study participants and the vast majority were at risk for frailty syndrome. Most of the studied women do not meet functional fitness standards developed for the Polish population, as well as reference standards for maintaining independence. Nursing home residents over the age of 85 are at risk for frailty syndrome.