scholarly journals Electron histochemistry and ultrastructural localization of carbohydrate-containing substances in the sheath of Volvox.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D McCracken ◽  
W J Barcellona
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
External Layer ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Electron Histochemistry ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Sheath Material

The location and characteristics of carbohydrate-containing structures within the intact sheath of Volvox were studied by 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride-osmium, colloidal iron, colloidal thorium, ruthenium red and periodic acid-silver methenamine staining. The sheath consists of external and internal fibrillar layers separated by a tripartite structure. The external layer reacts positively with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, colloidal iron, colloidal thorium and ruthenium red, indicating that it contains acid mucosaccharides. Staining in the external layer is abolished by Ba(OH)2 treatment. The tripartite structure and internal fibrillar layer contain periodic acid reactive groups which do not occur in the external layer. Under certain conditions, reactions between the cationic dyes and the internal material were also observed. It is postulated that the internal matrix of the sheath contains glycoproteins or a mixture of acid mucosaccharides and glycoproteins. Possible functions of the sheath material are discussed.

Cytochemical observations on the extracellular carbohydrate produced byStreptococcus cremoris

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Extracellular Material ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Milk Fat Globules ◽  
Cheese Curd

SummaryElectron microscopy showed that a varying proportion of cells ofStreptococcus cremorisNCDO 924 grown in autoclaved skim-milk possessed a layer of extracellular material attached to the cell wall. Occasional filamentous extensions of this layer made contact with neighbouring casein micelles. The same surfacestaining material persisted during the production of cheese-curd, but after maximum scald it was predominantly filamentous in appearance. These filaments made frequent contact with the adjacent curd matrix and with milk-fat globules.Str. cremorisNCDO 1986 produced similar surface material when in curd, but not when grown in skim-milk. In all situations, the extracellular material stained with colloidal iron hydroxide, ruthenium red and periodic acid–thiosemicarbazide–silver proteinate, indicating that it was largely composed of an acidic carbohydrate. It is suggested that this carbohydrate facilitates the adhesion of starter bacteria to the cheese-curd matrix and that during the initial stages of syneresis this serves to prevent their expulsion from the curd with the whey.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND STAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF MYOFIBER EXTERNAL LAMINA

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. ZACKS ◽  
M. F. SHEFF ◽  
A. SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

A variety of cytochemical methods were used to investigate the composition of mouse sarcolemma. We found that the sarcolemma is a complex composed of the myofiber cell membrane, a thin zone external to the cell membrane that contains groups that bind colloidal iron and thorium at low pH and a thicker amorphous layer that fails to stain with colloidal iron and thorium at low pH. The entire complex is periodic acid-Schiff-positive and stains with ruthenium red and strongly acid solutions of phosphotungstic acid. Although the specificity of these cytochemical stains is controversial, data obtained with them and from preliminary analyses of myofiber external lamina (EL) indicate that the myofiber cell coat is chiefly composed of glycoprotein containing a large number of carboxyl groups. The EL within the subneural apparatus of the neuromuscular junction differs from noninnervated areas in the fusion of Schwann cell and myofiber EL, the absence of collagen microfibrils, the more intense binding of divalent cations and the less intense stain with phosphotungstic acid in strongly acid solutions.

The Fine Structure of the Sheath of Volvox Carteri f. Weismannia

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Regina Birchem
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Volvox Carteri ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sheath Formation ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Sheath Material

Spheroids of the green colonial alga Volvox consist of biflagellate Chlamydomonad-like cells embedded in a transparent sheath. The sheath, important as a substance through which metabolic materials, light, and the sexual inducer must pass to and from the cells, has been shown to have an ordered structure (1,2). It is composed of both protein and carbohydrate (3); studies of V. rousseletii indicate an outside layer of sulfated polysaccharides (4).Ultrastructural studies of the sheath material in developmental stages of V. carteri f. weismannia were undertaken employing variations in the standard fixation procedure, ruthenium red, diaminobenzidine, and high voltage electron microscopy. Sheath formation begins after the completion of cell division and inversion of the daughter spheroids. Golgi, rough ER, and plasma membrane are actively involved in phases of sheath synthesis (Fig. 1). Six layers of ultrastructurally differentiated sheath material have been identified.

scholarly journals Mucinous Degeneration of the Epithelium of the Urinary Tract of Swine

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Brobst ◽  
R. Cottrell ◽  
A. Delez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hog Cholera ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Suppurative Arthritis

Mucinous degenerative change was observed in the epithelial cells lining the renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder of pigs with exudative epidermitis, coliform enteritis, hog cholera, and suppurative arthritis. Mucins were observed within transitional cells either as granular or homogenous material within vacuoles. Lakes filled with mucins also were formed as a result of the coalescence of mucin from degenerating transitional cells. The cells and lakes of mucin were stained selectively by periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, and colloidal iron. On the basis of the reactivity patterns with these stains the transitional epithelial cells were considered capable of producing acidic and neutral mucins.

Adhesion of the Boston ivy tendril

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton G. Endress ◽  
William W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Contact Interface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Adhesive Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tactile stimulation of Boston ivy tendrils results in the development of bilaterally symmetric discs which adhere to substrates in the vicinity of the tendrils. Our electron microscopic examination of the tendrils indicates that adhesive secretion occurs from the peripheral cells at the contact face of the discs. Cell walls in this region develop pockets which fill with adhesive and ultimately coalesce. In fully adherent discs, the adhesive occupies the region between the substrate and the cells as well as the intracellular regions between the peripheral cells. While a cuticle was present on immature discs, no cuticle-like material was observed at the contact interface of mature discs.Staining of the adhesive was enhanced by ruthenium red and potassium ferrocyanide treatments, and the adhesive bound both colloidal iron and thorium. These results indicated that the adhesive is possibly a mucopolysaccharide.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIGESTION WITH STREPTOMYCES HYALURONIDASE UPON CERTAIN HISTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF HYALURONIC ACID-CONTAINING TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYORI YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

The effect of digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase upon certain histochemical reactions of hyaluronic acid-containing tissues has been studied in a series of human, mammalian and avian specimens. These histochemical reactions are those for the demonstration of neutral and sulfated and nonsulfated acid mucosaccharides such as periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue (pH 1.0), azure A (pH 1.5), high iron diamine, aldehyde fuchsin, Alcian Blue (pH 2.5), Alcian Blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff, azure A (pH 4.5), low iron diamine and colloidal iron. In addition, the effect of digestion with testicular hyaluronidase upon the same reactions of the same tissues was observed for comparison. Digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase diminishes the staining reactions due to hyaluronic acid but fails to affect those for neutral and sulfated acid mucosaccharides. These results indicate that digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase is a method of choice for the identification of hyaluronic acid in mucosaccharide histochemistry.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF ACID MUCOSUBSTANCES IN THE MOUSE COLON WITH IRON-CONTAINING STAINS

1966 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G. Wetzel ◽  
Bruce K. Wetzel ◽  
Samuel S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Mouse Colon ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Cryostat Sections ◽  
Acid Mucosubstances

Selective ultrastructural staining of acid mucosubstances in sites containing histochemically identifiable sulfo- and sialomucins has been obtained in fixed cryostat sections with both ferric chloride and colloidal iron solutions. The rectosigmoid region of mouse colon was fixed in glutaraldehyde, formalin, or phosphate-buffered osmium tetroxide, and 40 µ cryostat sections of this material were treated with 0.1 to 0.4% ferric chloride or with a solution of dialyzed ferric chloride, ammonia, and glycerin. Specific staining depended upon the pH of the iron-containing solutions, and the optimal value was found to be approximately 2.0. Specific localization of acid mucosubstances has been noted in intracellular sites, including globules within colonic goblet cells and "deep crypt" mucous cells, small vesicles of the superficial nongoblet epithelial cells, and Golgi lamellae within each of these cell types. Extracellular material, presumed to be acid mucosubstance, was found on the surface of the epithelial microvilli and on the lumenal surface of capillary endothelium. Similar material formed a reticular network surrounding stromal cells, collagen bundles, and various colonic connective tissue elements.

Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of two hydatid fluid antigens (antigen 5 and antigen B) in the brood capsules and protoscoleces of ovine and equine Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Davies ◽  
M. D. Rickard ◽  
D. T. Bout ◽  
J. P. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Capsule Wall ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hydatid Fluid ◽  
Antigen B ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perinuclear Cytoplasm ◽  
Antigen 5

SummaryThe unlabelled antibody method was used in the ultrastructural localization of two hydatid fluid antigens, antigen 5 and antigen B, in brood capsules and protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis. Antigen 5 was found in the parenchyma cells of the protoscolex and brood capsule wall and to a lesser extent in the walls of the flame cells and collecting ducts of the excretory system and in the surrounding interstitial material. It is suggested that, while some excretion of this antigen may occur from the protoscolex, it could also be liberated into the cystic cavity by degeneration of protoscoleces and parenchymal cells of the brood capsule wall. Antigen B was found mainly in the distal cytoplasm and perinuclear cytoplasm of the tegument anterior to the suckers. It is apparently secreted to the outside and was present in the brood capsule contents; it adheres to the anterior surface and the posterior periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive glycocalyx of the protoscolex and to the inner surface of the brood capsule wall. The protoscolex tegument posterior to the suckers was negative. The parenchyma cells of the protoscolex and brood capsule wall were also positive although the intensity of the reaction product was variable.

scholarly journals Podoendin. A new cell surface protein of the podocyte and endothelium.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Huang ◽  
J C Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

A new cell surface protein, podoendin, has been identified in Sprague-Dawley rats, and isolated using monoclonal antibody (mAb) G4. The distribution of podoendin is restricted to the surface of glomerular podocytes, urinary surface of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule, and the luminal surface of endothelial cells. The antibody does not crossreact with podocytes or endothelia of human or mice. In newborn rats, the appearance of podoendin on glomerular epithelium is attendant on podocyte differentiation during glomerulogenesis of metanephrogenic vesicles. It disappears when podocytes retract and efface foot processes in tissue culture. Thus, podoendin appears to be a cell differentiation-dependent surface protein of podocytes. Podoendin is a protein of 62 kD mobility on 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It stains intensely with Coomassie blue, but gives negative reactions to carbohydrate (periodic acid/Schiff reaction) and polyanions (alcian blue, colloidal iron, and carbocyanine). It is distinct from the major sialoglycoprotein of podocyte fuzzy coat, podocalyxin (11). Podoendin isolated and purified from endothelium of lungs appears to be identical with that from podocytes and endothelium of kidneys. Injection of mAb G4 into left ventricle of rats resulted in intense decoration of the endothelium and podocyte surface within 30 min. The decoration persisted throughout the 3-d period of observation. This was not accompanied by complement (C3) fixation. Preliminary results showed that the rats developed moderate proteinuria (100 mg/ml protein in urine), which was associated with the presence of hyaline droplets in renal tubules, on the third day. The proteinuria was not accompanied by effacement of podocyte pedicels. There were no morphologic alterations indicating glomerular or vascular injury in the kidneys.

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