scholarly journals Gender Equality and Labour Force Participation: Mind the Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Madhusree Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Public ◽  
To Come

Despite increase in education, female labour force participation in India is abysmally low and has fallen over the years. The reasons for this are complex and involve a whole range of social and cultural dimensions apart from objective conditions. The article attempts to analyze how social mindset of women being homemakers is one of the reasons that affect this. In addition, lack of education and job-oriented courses, lack of mobility and discrimination at workplace have acted as deterrents for women to come out to the public space for work. Thus, policy which tries to address this gap must be holistic. Legislations alone are not enough, and all stakeholders should join hands to close this gap.

Facets of the Gender Gap in Labour Force Participation and Economic Empowerment Disruption

2022 ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
S. K. Baral ◽  
Durga Madhab Mahapatra ◽  
Soumendra Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social

According to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) data, the average employment for January 2019-March 2020 was 403 million, which declined to 282 million in April 2020 and recovered steadily thereafter to reach 393million by August 2020. In India, female labour force participation is abysmally poor and has declined over the years, despite a rise in education. The causes for this are complex and, aside from objective factors, include a whole variety of social and cultural aspects. One of the factors causing this is the social mentality of women becoming homemakers. Furthermore, the scarcity of schooling and work-oriented courses, the lack of mobility, and sexism in the workplace have been deterrents to women's access to the public workspace. Therefore, initiatives that aim to fix this void need to be holistic. Legislation alone is not enough, and to close this gap, all stakeholders should join hands. The chapter attempts to analyse facets of the gender gap in labour force participation and economic empowerment disruption through the pandemic.

scholarly journals Fertility and socio-economic determinants: evidence from co-integration and multivariate Granger casualty tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Prakash Kengnal ◽  
Asha Bullappa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
National Income ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Per Capita

Background: The empirical work on fertility determinants widely discusses the role of socio-economic factors like female labour force participation rate, urban population and per capita gross national income in determining fertility rates. The India’s high fertility rate began to decline gradually after late 1950s and continued to fall since then. India achieved almost 31 per cent decline in fertility rate from 1990 to 2012. The objective was to examine the relationship between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income for India.Methods: This study covers the sample period from 1990-2012. Moreover, the direction of causality between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India using Granger Causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) are examined.Results: As a summary of the empirical results, we found that fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India are co-integrated and there is unidirectional Granger Causality between the four variables in long and short-run.Conclusions: The growth in urban population, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income are responsible for the decrease in fertility rate in India.

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