Economies of Scope between Research and Teaching in European Universities

The estimation of economies of scope between research and teaching has been the object of a large literature in economics of education and efficiency analysis, with parametric and non-parametric specifications. The paper contributes to the literature by building a pan-European dataset that integrates official statistics on higher education at country level with bibliometric indicators. The dataset allows a breakdown by scientific and educational field, accounting for the heterogeneity among disciplines. We applied a technique which has not been used for the efficiency estimation of economies of scope in higher education, namely seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) applied to separate input–output equations describing the production of education and research. We found confirmation for economies of scope in some fields and with some specifications, or no relation between the equations. In no case did we find diseconomies of scope between teaching and research.

Spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regression Models for Freight Trip Generation by Vehicle Type: Application to the Chennai Metropolitan Area in India

During the last two decades, there has been substantial interest in developing freight trip generation (FTG) models. Most studies consider only truck trips or convert all freight trips into equivalent truck trips. Freight in several large cities is increasingly being moved by smaller vehicles. This calls for modeling FTG by vehicle type. The present research identifies and compares establishment characteristics affecting FTG by different vehicle types. In this context, spatial correlations among nearby establishments and the error-term correlations between independent models by vehicle type become relevant. Based on the Lagrange-Multiplier (LM) tests, we develop non-spatial seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models for freight trip production (FTP) and spatial SUR models with a spatial lag in the dependent variable to account for both spatial and error-term correlations for freight trip attraction (FTA). The results show that establishment type and size affect FTG by different vehicle types.

Determinants of Market Orientation and Market Participation: Agricultural Commercialization in Central and North Gondar, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, agricultural transformation is faced with many challenges such as poor infrastructure especially in rural area where huge agricultural activities are carried out, poor institutional services, lack of awareness of farmers on value addition of goods and so on. To fill this knowledge gap, this study was aimed the determinants of market orientation and market participation in Central and North Gondar Rural Ethiopia separately. The data were collected a sample of 344 households selected using multistage purposive and random sampling techniques. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and Tobit regression models were employed. The SUR model estimation indicated adult equivalent, chemical fertilizer users and tropical livestock unit (TLU) affect both market oriented cash and stable crops positively, while child dependency ratio, cultivated land, the distance to the market and road affect both market oriented cash and stable crops negatively. Level of education (grading), and irrigation users affect market oriented cash and stable crops positively, respectively. The empirical results of Tobit model show that cultivated land, land allocated to staples, off/non-farm income and irrigation user affect crop commercialization positively. Based on the findings, the study suggest that farmers should keep going to employ an additional off-farm income activities, improve rural urban roads, employ agricultural intensification, and the government should be supplied chemical fertilizer in sufficient amount and on time at reasonable price to improve farmers’ crop production.

Determinan Kelaparan di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah sebuah perencana aksi berskala global yang disepakati oleh para pemimpin dunia, termasuk Indonesia dengan tujuan mendorong pembangunan sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan hidup. Salah satu dari 17 tujuan SDGs adalah mengakhiri kelaparan. Berdasarkan data yang dirilis Badan Pusat Statistik, salah satu pendekatan untuk mengukur tingkat kelaparan adalah proporsi penduduk dengan asupan kalori minimum di bawah 1400 kkal/kapita/hari. Proporsi penduduk dengan asupan kalori minimum di bawah 1400 kkal/kapita/hari di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi dan terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2017 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana gambaran umum dari tingkat kelaparan dan variabel-variabel yang diduga mempengaruhinya, serta bagaimana pengaruh variabel-variabel tersebut terhadap tingkat kelaparan di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk merumuskan kebijakan-kebijakan guna penuntasan kelaparan di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan menggunakan fixed effect model yang diestimasi dengan metode Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kelaparan adalah pengeluaran makanan dan harga beras, sedangkan jumlah penduduk miskin dan pendapatan perkapita tidak berpengaruh signifikan.

Pengaruh Desentralisasi Fiskal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2011-2019

Keberhasilan pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal akan menunjukkan tercapainya kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi yang terjadi pada Provinsi Sumatera Utara, terdapat indikasi bahwa kesejahteraan masyarakat belum tercapai. Hal ini terlihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota menunjukkan peningkatan yang melambat dan tidak merata. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara tahun 2011-2019. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan model fixed effects metode Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio PAD dan rasio DAK memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara tahun 2011-2019. Untuk rasio DBH dan rasio DAU tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Seemingly Unrelated Regression Spatial Autoregressive Bayesian Modeling on Heteroscedasticity Case

The phenomenon encountered occasionally on complications involving spatial data, is that there is a tendency of heteroscedasticity since every region has distinct characteristics. Thus, it requires the approach which is more appropriate with the problem by using the Bayesian method. Bayesian method on spatial autoregressive model to contend the heteroscedasticity by applying prior distribution on variance parameter of error. To detect heteroscedasticity, it is shown from several responses correlating with the predictors. The method abled to estimate some responses is Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). SUR is an econometrics model that used to be being utilized in solving some regression equations in which of them has their own parameter and appears to be uncorrelated. However, by correlation of error in differential equations, the correlation would occur among them. With the condition of the Bayesian SUR spatial autoregressive model, it is able to overcome heteroscedasticity cases from the vision of spatial. Further, the model involves four kinds of parameter priors’ distributions estimated by using the process of MCMC.

Pengaruh PDRB, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka dan UMR Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Kabupaten dan Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan apakah Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Dan Upah Minimum Regional Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Kabupaten Dan Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2014-2019. Pengambilan data menggunakan data sekunder diambil melalui website BPS Jawa Timur, yaitu data PDRB, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Tahun 2014-2019, sedangkan data UMR diambil melalui Surat Keputusan Gubernur Jawa Timur Tahun 2014-2019. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel yang merupakan gabungan antara data time series dan cross section yang dianalisis dengan Model Fixed Effect (FEM) dengan penimbang Feasible Generalized Least Square-Seemingly Unrelated Regression (FGLS-SUR) yang diolah dengan aplikasi EViews 9.0 diperoleh persamaan regresi IPM = -27.22579 + 3.380970*LNPDRBit + (-0.035903)*TPTit + 4.433382*LNUMRit . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen produk domestik regional bruto dan upah minimum regional berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Timur.Sedangkan untuk variabel tingkat pengangguran terbuka berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia.