scholarly journals Purpose in Life and Conscientiousness Protect Against the Development of Suicidal Ideation in U.S. Military Veterans With PTSD and MDD: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247054701987217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Straus ◽  
Sonya B. Norman ◽  
Jessica C. Tripp ◽  
Michelle Pitts ◽  
Robert H. Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
National Health ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Factors Associated

Background Although several studies have examined risk factors for suicidal ideation among veterans, little is known about risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation in high-risk veteran samples. Thus, this study examined a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with the development of suicidal ideation in a high-risk sample of U.S. veterans who screened positive for current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD) . Methods Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative, prospective cohort study of U.S. veterans. Veterans completed self-report measures to screen for PTSD and MDD and to assess for risk and protective factors. The sample included 222 veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline and completed at least one assessment over a seven-year follow-up period. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine baseline factors associated with incident suicidal ideation. Results Nearly one in three (27.1%) of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD developed suicidal ideation over the seven-year follow-up period. Non-Caucasian race and lower scores on measures of purpose in life, conscientiousness, and frequency of religious service attendance were independently associated with incident suicidal ideation. Lower purpose in life (52.3%) and conscientiousness (33.2%) explained the vast majority of variance in incident suicidal ideation. Conclusion Nearly 30% of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline developed suicidal ideation over a seven-year period. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to bolster purpose in life and conscientiousness may help mitigate risk for suicidal ideation in this high-risk population.

Risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom

2010 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Pietrzak ◽  
Marc B. Goldstein ◽  
James C. Malley ◽  
Alison J. Rivers ◽  
Douglas C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Iraqi Freedom

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity among women in Rakai, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Marie E Thoma ◽  
Rebecca M Brotman ◽  
Ronald H Gray ◽  
Nelson K Sewankambo ◽  
Maria J Wawer
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Microbial Agents

ObjectivesTo assess risk and protective factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) chronicity ascertained by Nugent score criteria.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study included 255 sexually experienced, postmenarcheal women who provided weekly self-collected vaginal swabs for up to 2 years. Vaginal swabs were scored using Nugent criteria and classified as normal (≤3), intermediate (4–6) and Nugent-BV (≥7). Detailed behavioural/health information were assessed every 6 months. A per-woman longitudinal summary measure of BV chronicity was defined as the percentage of each woman’s weekly vaginal assessments scored as Nugent-BV over a 6-month interval. Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity were assessed using multiple linear regression with generalised estimating equations.ResultsAverage BV chronicity was 39% across all follow-up periods. After adjustment, factors associated with BV chronicity included baseline Nugent-BV (β=35.3, 95% CI 28.6 to 42.0) compared with normal baseline Nugent scores and use of unprotected water for bathing (ie, rainwater, pond, lake/stream) (β=12.0, 95% CI 3.4 to 20.5) compared with protected water sources (ie, well, tap, borehole). Women had fewer BV occurrences if they were currently pregnant (β=−6.6, 95% CI −12.1 to 1.1), reported consistent condom use (β=−7.7, 95% CI −14.2 to 1.3) or their partner was circumcised (β=−5.8, 95% CI −11.3 to 0.3).ConclusionsFactors associated with higher and lower values of BV chronicity were multifactorial. Notably, higher values of BV chronicity were associated with potentially contaminated bathing water. Future studies should examine the role of waterborne microbial agents in the pathogenesis of BV.

scholarly journals SIMON: A Digital Protocol to Monitor and Predict Suicidal Ideation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sels ◽  
Stephanie Homan ◽  
Anja Ries ◽  
Prabhakaran Santhanam ◽  
Hanne Scheerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Mobile Sensing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Self Reports

Each year, more than 800,000 persons die by suicide, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent innovations in information and communication technology may offer new opportunities in suicide prevention in individuals, hereby potentially reducing this number. In our project, we design digital indices based on both self-reports and passive mobile sensing and test their ability to predict suicidal ideation, a major predictor for suicide, and psychiatric hospital readmission in high-risk individuals: psychiatric patients after discharge who were admitted in the context of suicidal ideation or a suicidal attempt, or expressed suicidal ideations during their intake. Specifically, two smartphone applications -one for self-reports (SIMON-SELF) and one for passive mobile sensing (SIMON-SENSE)- are installed on participants' smartphones. SIMON-SELF uses a text-based chatbot, called Simon, to guide participants along the study protocol and to ask participants questions about suicidal ideation and relevant other psychological variables five times a day. These self-report data are collected for four consecutive weeks after study participants are discharged from the hospital. SIMON-SENSE collects behavioral variables -such as physical activity, location, and social connectedness- parallel to the first application. We aim to include 100 patients over 12 months to test whether (1) implementation of the digital protocol in such a high-risk population is feasible, and (2) if suicidal ideation and psychiatric hospital readmission can be predicted using a combination of psychological indices and passive sensor information. To this end, a predictive algorithm for suicidal ideation and psychiatric hospital readmission using various learning algorithms (e.g., random forest and support vector machines) and multilevel models will be constructed. Data collected on the basis of psychological theory and digital phenotyping may, in the future and based on our results, help reach vulnerable individuals early and provide links to just-in-time and cost-effective interventions or establish prompt mental health service contact. The current effort may thus lead to saving lives and significantly reduce economic impact by decreasing inpatient treatment and days lost to inability.

scholarly journals The importance of understanding individual differences in Down syndrome

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Karmiloff-Smith ◽  
Tamara Al-Janabi ◽  
Hana D'Souza ◽  
Jurgen Groet ◽  
Esha Massand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Research

In this article, we first present a summary of the general assumptions about Down syndrome (DS) still to be found in the literature. We go on to show how new research has modified these assumptions, pointing to a wide range of individual differences at every level of description. We argue that, in the context of significant increases in DS life expectancy, a focus on individual differences in trisomy 21 at all levels—genetic, cellular, neural, cognitive, behavioral, and environmental—constitutes one of the best approaches for understanding genotype/phenotype relations in DS and for exploring risk and protective factors for Alzheimer’s disease in this high-risk population.

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