Religion, war, and peace in premodern Islamicate polities and the Christian West

2021 ◽  
pp. 263300242098491
Author(s):  
Philippe Buc
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Armed Violence

The plural Islams and the various Christianities deriving from late Antique Catholicism constitute two families of monotheisms whose relation to armed violence and to peace can be compared over the longue durée. In both, war and peace coexist as values, with the sense however that there can be a corrupting bad peace and a wicked bad war. Both—albeit through different media—produced norms governing warfare. For both, there is a strong correlation between holy war and societal reform. In both, the potential to sacralize a space that then has to be defended (New Jerusalems or second Hejaz) figures prominently. In both, radical warfare, reform, and purge of one’s own group can be triggered by apocalyptic or eschatological expectations (with figures such as a person anticipating typologically the return of the vengeful Christ, a last world emperor, a mujaddid, or a Mahdī). While this contribution focuses mainly on the pre-modern world, it ends on an attempt to relate the current war waged by Boko Haram to this past.

Romance in/and the Medieval Mediterranean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Medieval Romance ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Greek Novel

This chapter expands the traditional classification of medieval French romance by proposing ‘Mediterranean’ as a thematic category alongside ‘Antique’ and ‘Breton’. In addition to their geographical setting, ‘Mediterranean’ romances feature themes such as sea voyages, merchants, pirates, mutable identities, and the changes of fortune occasioned by the hazards of maritime travel. Floire et Blancheflor, first attested in French c.1150 and subsequently translated into many languages, provides the focal point for a discussion of medieval romance that draws inspiration from Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell’s 2000 study, The Corrupting Sea. The second part of the chapter tests the longue durée of the Mediterranean thematic by examining the Hellenistic romance Callirhoe. The close parallels between the two texts, corresponding to Mikhail Bakhtin’s description of the Greek novel of adventure, also allows an assessment of their divergences as reflections of the shift from a late antique to a high medieval context.

scholarly journals DEPOIS DO ESTADO-NAÇÃO: MIGRAÇÕES, SOBERANIA E DIREITOS NA AURORA DA CRISE SISTÊMICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Fatima Sabrina da Rosa ◽  
Damaris Bertuzzi
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Nation State

Este texto pretende discutir a relação entre migrações e a perda da soberania do estado-nação no contexto da última crise sistêmica que vem se desenvolvendo. Para tanto, utiliza como base e pano de fundo as noções de modern world-sistem de Wallerstein e de longue durée de Braudel, bem como localiza a discussão sobre o Estado na perspectiva de crise sistêmica, de Arrighi, e de pós-nacionalismo, de Appadurai. Nesse sentido, o texto é dividido em quatro partes: apresentação do problema; contexto da crise migratória e da emergência do estado-nação; crise do estado-nação moderno e, por fim, algumas considerações acerca dos efeitos dos fluxos migratórios e de capitais sobre as noções de soberania e territorialidade do Estado.Palavras-chave: Estado-nação. Migrações. Soberania. Crise sistêmica.ABSTRACTThis text intends to discuss the relationship between migrations and the nation-state sovereignty loss in the context of last systemic crisis that has been developing. For that, it uses the notions of Wallerstein about the modern world-system and Braudel’s about the longue durée as background, as well as locating the discussion about the State in the Arrighi’s perspective about the systemic crisis and Appadurai’s about the post-nationalism. In this sense, the text is divided into four parts: the presentation of the problem; the migratory crisis context and the nation-state emergence; the crisis about the modern nation-state, and finally, some considerations about the effects of migratory flows and capital on the notions of state sovereignty and territoriality.Keywords: Nation-state. Migrations. Sovereignty. Systemic crisis.

scholarly journals New Approaches to the Study of Violence

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence

In his recent book The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker draws upon a wealth of data to argue that the modern world, especially since 1945, has experienced a dramatic and probably irreversible decline in organized violence. The book has received much critical attention (which will indeed be the topic of future discussion in Perspectives). It is undeniably true that recent decades have seen a decrease in the incidence of, and casualties related to, classic forms of interstate violence, and that in recent years there has been a decline in organized civil war violence as well. At the same time, it is equally true that violence—its threat, its use, its many often-unpredictable consequences—remains an ever-present part of the political landscape throughout the world. The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development's recent report, The Global Burden of Armed Violence 2011, estimates that since 2004 “more than 526,000 people are killed each year as a result of lethal violence.” The report estimates that only around one tenth of these killings—approximately 55,000 per year—are caused by “direct armed conflict,” i.e., in organized wars, whether interstate or civil. But it also estimates that hundreds of thousands more are related to gang violence, drug trafficking, transnational organized crime, and other activities that take place in a netherworld beyond law and order, and between “war” and “peace.” And it observes that while the categories typically used by governments, multilateral agencies, and NGOs to classify violence—organized vs. interpersonal, conflict-related vs. criminal—serve certain practical purposes, “these distinctions give the misleading impression that different forms and incidents of violence fit into neat and separate categories,” whereas in fact these forms of violence are not so neatly distinguished. And beyond the sphere of lethal violence lays a much broader domain of destruction, fear, insecurity, vulnerability, and harm.

Santé des voyageurs sur des vols aériens de longue durée. Rôle du médecin traitant

2010 ◽  
Vol 194 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bazex ◽  
Emmanuel Alain Cabanis ◽  
Mmes Brugère-Picoux ◽  
Moneret-Vautrin ◽  
M.M. Ardaillou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Médecin Traitant

Synthèse bibliographique : étude des propriétés physico-chimiques du phosphogypse Marocain

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Yassine Ennaciri ◽  
Mohammed Bettach ◽  
Ayoub Cherrat ◽  
Ilham Zdah ◽  
Hanan El Alaoui-Belghiti
Keyword(s):  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée

La production de l’acide phosphorique au monde engendre l’accumulation d’une grande quantité d’un sous-produit acide appelé phosphogypse (PG). La grande partie de ce PG est rejetée sans aucun traitement dans l’environnement, ce qui forme une source significative de contamination à longue durée. Le PG Marocain est principalement formé par le sulfate de calcium, à côté de diverses impuretés telles que les phosphates, les fluorures, les matières organiques, les métaux lourds et les éléments radioactifs. Cet article détaille en particulier les différentes propriétés physico-chimiques du PG Marocain. La compréhension de ces propriétés permet en générale d’identifier les différents agents de contamination de l’environnement contenus dans ce résidu. De plus, les facteurs affectant la présence des différentes sortes d’impuretés dans le PG sont aussi discutés.

Modifications des propriétés d’abondance bactériennes des eaux souterraines en réponse à une longue durée de stockage dans les récipients à domicile à Yaoundé (Cameroun)

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Djaouda ◽  
Moïse Nola ◽  
Serge H. Zébazé Togouet ◽  
Mireille E. Nougang ◽  
Michel Djah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Eaux Souterraines
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document