Provider Practices Regarding Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Children with Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3412-3412
Author(s):  
Nicole Kucine ◽  
Melanie Degliuomini ◽  
Elizabeth Mauer ◽  
Victoria Cooley ◽  
Linda M Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Pediatric Leukemia ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Anticoagulant Prophylaxis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication in children with leukemia, with prevalence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) reported as high as 37% (Mitchell, et al, Cancer, 2003). Indwelling catheters, hyperviscosity, mediastinal masses, and medications such as asparaginase, can all contribute to increased VTE risk. In addition to national interest in preventing VTE in hospitalized children, decreasing risk of VTE in children with cancer is of great importance to pediatric hematologist/oncologists. The International Society of Hemostasis and Thrombosis released a guidance statement (Tullius, et al, JTH, 2017) that suggested considering thromboprophylaxis on a case-by-case basis for children with cancer and multiple VTE risk factors, and suggested discontinuing anticoagulant prophylaxis when predisposing conditions resolve. Children with leukemia certainly may have multiple risk factors and therefore deserve consideration for prophylaxis. The Children's Oncology Group is currently conducting a clinical trial studying thromboprophylaxis during induction for ALL. Given the importance of reducing VTE and the interest in thromboprophylaxis, we sought to assess practitioners' practices regarding thromboprophylaxis in children with leukemia. We performed a cross sectional, anonymous survey of pediatric members of VENUS (the VTE Network of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society) and ASH (the American Society of Hematology) using Qualtrics, a secure online survey tool. Responses were excluded if physicians answered no to either of 2 screening questions (related to clinical practice and board certification/eligibility), or if no questions were answered after screening. A gift card incentive was offered anonymously. Institutional IRBs approved this study. 870 surveys were distributed, with a response rate of 17.7%; after exclusions, a total of 142 surveys were included. Demographics were well balanced regarding size of program and years in practice. When asked about which anticoagulant agents may be used for thromboprophylaxis (n=36), 92% of those responding reported using enoxaparin (Table 1). In addition, 36% use Apixaban and 14% use Rivaroxaban. When asked if they ever provide primary VTE prophylaxis to children with leukemia (n=127), 71% said no, while 29% answered yes (Table 1). When asked in what scenarios primary prophylaxis was used, the most common answer was in leukemia patients with a known inherited thrombophilia (57%). Also common were children with mediastinal masses with vessel compression, and children enrolled on the COG prophylaxis study. Some additional scenarios offered were AYA patients, and those with additional risk factors, such as obesity and immobility. When asked about duration of primary prophylaxis (n=36), the most common times for discontinuing therapy were resolution of mediastinal mass and/or vessel compression (58%), end of all asparaginase therapy (50%), and until the central line is removed (42%). A smaller number of physicians (22%) would consider continuing anticoagulant prophylaxis until the end of all cancer chemotherapy. When questioned about secondary prophylaxis following VTE (n=127), 8% of respondents never provide post-VTE prophylaxis, 11% always give post-VTE prophylaxis, and 81% used post-VTE prophylaxis in certain cases (Table 1.) The most common stopping point for secondary prophylaxis (n=116) was after central line removal (55%), followed by completion of all asparaginase therapy (41%). Our study is limited by a low response rate. Due to technical issues, we had missing data for many questions and could not obtain free-text answers for some of the prophylaxis questions, limiting full data acquisition. Despite these issues, our results provide some insights into current practices of pediatric hematologist/oncologists. This study shows that many physicians are not utilizing primary anticoagulant prophylaxis in their pediatric leukemia patients, despite the high-risk nature of these patients, possibly trying to balance bleeding risk due to thrombocytopenia. Duration of anticoagulant therapy varies, and it is likely that there are no clear definitions regarding resolution of predisposing factors. Given their unique set of risk factors, and the potential morbidity associated with VTE, further study of VTE prophylaxis is essential for development of pediatric leukemia-specific guidelines. Disclosures Cooley: off-label: Other: drug use. Acharya:Bayer Pharmaceuticals, LLC: Research Funding; Novonordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioProducts Laboratory: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. OffLabel Disclosure: We surveyed physicians on which anticoagulants they use in their pediatric leukemia patients and the majority of drugs offered as answer choices are technically off-label.

scholarly journals Real-World Use of Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Results of a Survey of Physicians in Australia

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4537-4537
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Szer ◽  
Cecily J Forsyth ◽  
Anja Giese
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare and life-threatening hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by uncontrolled complement-mediated hemolysis. Patients with PNH are at increased risk of thromboembolism and premature death. This risk is predominantly due to the effects of chronic hemolysis and platelet activation. Eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits terminal complement activation, has been shown to reduce hemolysis and dramatically reduce the rate of thromboembolism. A previous publication (Kelly et al, 2011) suggested that cessation of therapeutic anticoagulation (TAC) in PNH patients on eculizumab with no prior history of thrombosis is safe. There are very few reports on the outcomes of cessation of TAC in PNH patients on eculizumab who have a prior history of thrombosis or on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) agents in PNH patients with a history of thrombosis. In Australia, patients with PNH are predominantly managed by individual hematologists rather than at a single centre and hence anticoagulation practices following the introduction of eculizumab therapy are variable. We surveyed Australian hematologists managing eculizumab-treated patients with PNH to obtain the details of anticoagulation management and incidence of thrombotic events in their patients. We received responses from 30 hematologists caring for a total of 58 patients with PNH on eculizumab (1-17 patients per hematologist) and the table summarises the results. TAC as primary prophylaxis had been ceased in 10 patients with no recurrent thrombotic events. One (1) patient remains on primary prophylaxis due to persistently high D-dimer and factor VIII levels. TAC for secondary prophylaxis had been ceased in 2 patients due to bleeding (1 patient with subdural hematoma, 1 patient with gastrointestinal bleeding) and neither of these patients had a further thrombotic event. One patient, with a prior history of thrombosis, requested cessation of TAC and subsequently developed a provoked thrombosis. Three patients not receiving TAC when eculizumab was commenced developed thrombosis; two (2) patients had provoked deep venous thromboses and one patient developed a splanchnic vein thrombosis following a cholecystectomy in association with severe sepsis. One patient had a portal vein thrombosis immediately prior to commencing eculizumab therapy but has never received TAC due to severe coexistent thrombocytopenia from myelodysplasia. This patient has not had a recurrent thrombosis. Three (3) patients with thrombotic events prior to eculizumab therapy (1 patient with pulmonary emboli, 1 patient with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and 1 patient with inferior vena cava thrombosis) had anticoagulant therapy changed from warfarin to rivaroxaban. At a follow-up of at least twelve months for all 3 patients there have been no recurrent thrombotic events and no bleeding complications. In conclusion, these Australian data are consistent with those reported by Kelly suggesting that cessation of primary prophylaxis in PNH patients on eculizumab is safe. Cessation of TAC in PNH patients on eculizumab with a prior thrombosis can be considered if there are clear contraindications to anticoagulation. Thromboprophylaxis in situations of increased risk of venous thromboembolism remains essential for all PNH patients not on TAC, even when they are on eculizumab therapy. The three patients on rivaroxaban as secondary prophylaxis are, to our knowledge, the first reported patients with PNH treated on a NOAC. Table. Number of patients New thrombotic events Eculizumab treated 58 Ceased TAC: Total1. As 1o prophylaxis2. As 2o prophylaxis(i) Due to bleeding(ii) At patient request 1410431 -None-None1 (provoked) TE in patients not on TAC at commencement of eculizumab 3 3 (provoked) NOAC as 2o prophylaxis 3 None Disclosures Szer: Alexion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Alexion Australia: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Forsyth:Alexion: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Giese:Alexion: Employment.

Efficacy and Safety Profile of Long Term Exposure to Lenalidomide in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2964-2964
Author(s):  
Guillemette Fouquet ◽  
Stéphanie Tardy ◽  
Helene Demarquette ◽  
Sarah Bonnet ◽  
Julie Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
First Relapse

Abstract Abstract 2964 Background. Lenalidomide is an oral IMiD®, immunomodulatory compound, approved for use in combination with dexamethasone (Len/Dex) in patients with RRMM who have received one prior therapy. Len/Dex is indicated until evidence of disease progression at the best-tolerated dose of both Len and Dex (Dimopoulos et al. Leukemia 2011). However, the tolerability profile of long term exposure to Len/Dex is not well described, and evidence that long term exposure to Len/Dex would improve on the response rate and survival has yet to be determined. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety profile of long term exposure to Len/Dex in RRMM pts in a multicentre study. Method. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 50 RRMM pts treated with Len/Dex and remaining on Len for ≥2 years with a special focus on pts receiving Len for ≥3 years. All pts included had complete follow up records. Results. The median (range min-max) age was 58 years (39–79) with 30% (n=15) > 65 years (elderly MM), the sex ratio M/F was 1.2, 49% (n=24) ISS 2 and 3, 12% (n=6) severe renal insufficiency (CrCl < 30mL/min), and 8% (n=4) adverse FISH [del17p and/or t(4;14)]. Overall, 25 pts (50%) had Len/Dex at first relapse, 19 pts (38%) at second relapse and 6 (9%) pts in subsequent relapses. Len/Dex was given at first relapse in 10 (66%) elderly patients. The median time from diagnosis to starting Len/Dex was 4.5 years (1–16) for overall cohort and 3 years (1–8) for elderly patients (p=0.05). 28 pts (56%) received Len/Dex for ≥3 years. The median duration on Len/Dex was 3 (2–7) years for the overall cohort, and was 4 (3;7) years for patients exposed to Len ≥3 years. Treatment duration was similar across age categories and across number of previous relapses. With a median follow up of 4 years, 19 patients had stopped Len/Dex. The response rate (ORR, ≥PR) was 96% (n=48), including 37 (74%) patients with ≥VGPR, similar across age categories. Interestingly, the ORR and ≥VGPR were similar irrespective of whether patients have stopped Len/Dex in our study. The ORR was also similar across number of previous relapses, but the ≥VGPR rate was lower in patients at third relapse and beyond, (50%; p=ns). The ORR and ≥VGPR rate was 93% and 77% in patients exposed to Len ≥3 years, similar to the whole cohort. The median time to first response and best response were 2 (1–5) months and 4.5 (2–9) months, respectively. Overall, 9 (18%) patients stopped treatment due to toxicity, 9 (18%) progression of MM, and 1 (0.5%) patient decision. With a median follow up of 4 years, the median (95%CI) TTP was not reached, the estimated 4-yr TTP was 51.5%. There was no imbalance in the incidence of toxicity based on age, number of previous relapses, and patients exposed to Len ≥3 years did not discontinue more often due to toxicity, 14% versus 19% for those receiving Len < 3 years. The hematological safety profile was similar across age categories, number of previous relapses, and patients exposed to Len ≥ 3 years; overall, 8 (16%) patients experienced grade 3–4 neutropenia, 6% thrombopenia, and 6% anemia. Ten (20%) patients experienced a thromboembolic event (VTE), all of them of venous type. Two patients had previous history of VTE, but none of them experienced VTE on Len/Dex, likely related to adequate VTE prophylaxis. The median time to first occurrence was 5 (1;28) months, although 4/10 occurred in patients with ≥3 years on Len. All VTE occurred while on VTE prophylaxis except for 1 patient, 5 on aspirin, 2 on prophylactic doses of LMWH, and 2 on VKA (target INR 2–3). The incidence rate of second primary malignancy (SPM) was 3 (6%) (larynx, lung, and MDS). The SPMs occurred at a median time of 4 years from start of Len, while Len was already stopped in 2/3 patients, the latter stopped len at time SPM was diagnosed. Interestingly, none of the patients with more than 3 years exposure on Len had SPM. Conclusions. The current study provides estimates of responses, TTP and safety in a series of MM pts with long-term exposure to Len-based regimen at relapse. 62% of patients remained on Len beyond 3 years reflecting the efficacy and good safety profile of Len in relapsed MM, irrespective of age and number of prior therapies. Furthermore, no excess of long term side effects, including SPM, was observed with a prolonged long follow-up in this study. Disclosures: Robinson: Celgene: Employment. Miljkovic:Celgene: Employment. Morel:Celgene: Employment. Boccacio:Celgene: Employment. Facon:millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hulin:celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Leleu:Onyx: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; LeoPharma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

Gemcitabine, Dexamethasone, Cisplatin (GDP) Compared to Dexamethasone, Cytarabine, Cisplatin (DHAP) Chemotherapy Prior to Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed and Refractory Aggressive Lymphomas: Final Results of the Randomized Phase III NCIC CTG Study LY12

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 745-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Crump ◽  
John Kuruvilla ◽  
Stephen Couban ◽  
David Macdonald ◽  
Vishal Kukreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Abstract 745 Background: The optimum chemotherapy combination prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) has not been defined. We previously established the safety and efficacy of outpatient treatment with GDP in a phase II study (Crump et al, Cancer 2004) leading to this phase III trial testing the hypothesis that GDP is as effective and less toxic than standard DHAP, and potentially associated with better quality of life (QoL) and less resource utilization. Methods: Patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory aggressive NHL were stratified by IPI score at relapse (0, 1 vs 2,vs >=3 risk factors), immunophenotype (B vs T cell), disease status following initial treatment (response duration < 1yr vs duration > 1yr vs no response/PD) and prior treatment with rituximab (R); and were randomized to 2–3 21-day cycles of G 1000 mg/m2 day 1 & 8, D 40 mg day 1–4, P 75 mg/m2day 1 or standard DHAP. Pts with CR, PR (or SD, per institutional policy) proceeded to PBSC collection and ASCT. The protocol was amended 11/2005 to include R with GDP or DHAP for pts with CD20+ lymphoma. Co-primary endpoints were response rate (RR) after 2 cycles (CR/CRu/PR) according to 1999 International Workshop criteria, and transplantation rate; FDG-PET was not used to determine response. Using a non-inferiority design, the study was powered to exclude a 10% difference in RR between GDP and DHAP (α 0.05, power 80%). Other endpoints included toxicity, event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS), QoL and an economic analysis. FACT-G, FACT-CNS and FACT-LYM instruments and validated lymphoma-specific questions were used to assess QoL. Results of a second randomization to post-ASCT rituximab consolidation vs observation for pts with CD20+ lymphoma will be reported subsequently. Results: From 8/2003 to 11/2011, 619 pts were enrolled at 52 centres in Canada, Italy, Australia and the US (GDP 310 DHAP 309). Pt characteristics: median age 55 yrs (28.4% >60 y); histology: DLBCL 71%, PTCL 4%, ALCL 4%, transformed 14%; IPI risk factors: 0,1: 38%, 2: 29%; >3: 33%; elevated LDH 59%; prior R treatment 67%; refractory to initial therapy 31%; all baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms. In the intention to treat (ITT) population, RR for GDP was 45.2% and for DHAP 44.0%. The upper boundary of the one-sided 95.6% confidence interval for the difference in RRs was 5.67% and did not cross the pre-specified 10% non-inferiority boundary, meaning protocol-stated criteria for declaring GDP non-inferior to DHAP were met (p=0.005); results were robust when assessed using a per-protocol analysis. 362/554 pts (65.3%) with B cell NHL received R with protocol therapy: RRs were similar between arms in pts with and without prior R exposure, and with and without R added to GDP or DHAP. The transplantation rate was 51.8% for GDP vs 49.3% for DHAP (per protocol analysis; p = 0.49); 6 pts in each arm could not mobilize adequate PBSCs. At a median follow-up of 53 months, 4 year EFS was 25.6% and 26.1% (HR 0.99, p=0.95) and 4 year OS 39.0% and 39.1% (HR 1.03, p=0.78) for GDP and DHAP, respectively. Pts receiving GDP experienced less grade 3–4 toxicity (47 vs 61%, p=0.0003), including febrile neutropenia (9 vs 23%, p<0.0001), platelet transfusion during the first 2 treatment cycles (18% vs. 32%, p < 0.0001) and AEs requiring hospitalization (18 vs 30%, p=0.0005). One pt in each arm died from infection during GDP/DHAP therapy (0.3%). Compared to baseline, superior mean and greater-than-minimally-important change scores for QoL were seen during and/or after 2 treatment cycles in the GDP group when assessed using FACT-LYM, the Trial Outcome Index for FACT-LYM and the lymphoma-specific subscale. Stratified by important baseline characteristics, in univariate analysis no variables were associated with response; in multivariate analysis, ECOG PS, stage and number of sites of disease were significantly associated with OS; age and stage were associated with EFS. Conclusion: The response rate to GDP is not inferior to the standard regimen DHAP prior to ASCT for aggressive lymphomas and GDP resulted in similar rates of transplantation, EFS and OS. GDP can be given in the outpatient setting with significantly less toxicity, superior QoL scores and reduced need for hospitalization. This study supports the use of GDP as a new standard in practice and in future studies focused on improving salvage therapy approaches. Disclosures: Crump: Roche Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Off Label Use: Gemcitabine for treatment of lymphoma. Kuruvilla:Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Macdonald:Roche Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Kukreti:Roche: Honoraria. Kouroukis:Roche: Honoraria. Meyer:Dr. Meyer has received honoraria from Lilly re role on a DSMC: Honoraria. Olney:Roche: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Provider Practices Regarding Management of VTE in Pediatric Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3398-3398
Author(s):  
Melanie Degliuomini ◽  
Victoria Cooley ◽  
Elizabeth Mauer ◽  
Linda M Gerber ◽  
Suchitra Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Pediatric Leukemia ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
Repeat Imaging

The development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication occurring in children with leukemia with a reported incidence ranging from 1 to 37% (Ghanem, et al, Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2017) and can be a source of significant morbidity. Known risk factors for VTE include central venous catheter (CVC) use, thrombophilia, and certain medications, such as asparaginase (Caruso, et al, Blood, 2006.) Despite the known occurrence of VTE in this population, there are no leukemia-specific guidelines for VTE management. Anticoagulant use in children with frequent periods of thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy is not risk free. Various elements of management lack standardization and consensus among practitioners. Given that the majority of pediatric leukemia patients are treated according to standardized protocols, it may be beneficial to standardize anticoagulation care guidelines. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess current practices regarding the management of VTE in the pediatric leukemia population. We performed a cross sectional, anonymous, electronic survey of members of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) who self-identified as focusing in pediatric hematology or pediatric hematology/oncology, and the pediatric subcommittee of VENUS (VTE Network of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society) using Qualtrics, a secure online survey tool. Survey items included questions on demographics and clinical practice. Respondents were excluded if they were not board certified/eligible, if they did not participate in patient care, or if they did not answer survey research questions. A $25 gift card incentive was offered anonymously. This study was approved by both the Weill Cornell Medicine and Northwell Health IRBs. Of 870 surveys distributed, 154 were submitted, giving a 17.7% response rate. Twelve surveys were excluded, leaving 142 surveys for final analysis. There was even distribution of years in practice and size of clinical program among respondents (Figure 1A). Most respondents identified as being in hematology or combined practice. 50% of responding physicians (n=136) reported treating CVC-associated VTE for 3 months. 92% of respondents (n=138) report repeating imaging of the VTE with 58% (n=124) repeating at 6 weeks, and 31% at 3 months. 40% of respondents (n=131) treat cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) for 3 months, followed by 24% treating for 6 months. 95% of respondents (n=131) repeat imaging for CVST and of these individuals, 40% repeat imaging at 6 weeks followed by 50% at 3 months. The most frequently utilized anticoagulant class was heparins (n=140); respondents also reported using the direct Xa inhibitors Rivaroxaban (21%) and Apixaban (14%). Within the group utilizing direct Xa inhibitors, those in practice the longest (≥16 years) had the highest percentage of use (Figure 1B.) When asked at what platelet counts they hold therapeutic anticoagulation (n=140), 39% of respondents chose 50 x 109/L, 33% chose 30 x 109/L, and 16% chose 20 x 109/L. One person chose 100, x 109/L, 11% said they did not hold anticoagulation for thrombocytopenia, and 2 respondents gave platelet transfusions rather than hold anticoagulation (one at a cutoff below 30 x 109/L and one below 50 x 109/L). While no significant associations were seen, the highest percentage among individual groups using a platelet cutoff of less than 50 x 109/L were among those in practice longest, and those in the largest centers (Figure 1C). The results of this survey revealed variation in practice among practitioners regarding VTE management and prevention. Despite the lack of data in this population, a number of physicians are using direct Xa inhibitors in children with leukemia for anticoagulation. Imaging is being done earlier than treatment is being discontinued, potentially implying it is being used to monitor for progression, rather than help guide duration of therapy. Our survey had some limitations, including the low response rate and missing data for questions, which may be due to electronic data collection errors or respondent choice. Recent ASH guidelines endorsed by the Children's Oncology Group propose limited general guidelines and do not consider a cancer patient's unique VTE risk profile. Given the variation seen, multi-center, prospective clinical trials are urgently needed for developing consensus guidelines for the management of VTE in children with leukemia. Figure 1 Disclosures Cooley: off-label: Other: drug use. Acharya:Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioProducts Laboratory: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer Pharmaceuticals, LLC: Research Funding; Novonordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. OffLabel Disclosure: Anticoagulations that will be discussed are off-label in children.

Prognostic Factors for Developing Thrombosis in Polycytemia Vera: A Retrospective Analysis of 331 Patients with Long-Term Follow-up Highlights the Importance of White Blood Cells Levels

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Samantha Ferrari ◽  
Chiara Pagani ◽  
Mariella D'Adda ◽  
Nicola Bianchetti ◽  
Annamaria Pelizzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wbc Count

Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by erythrocytosis, constitutively active mutations in JAK2 and an increased susceptibility to thrombotic events (TEs). There is still controversy about the role of increased hematocrit and of other variables including elevated white blood cell count as risk factors for the occurrence of TEs. A better definition of the relative prognostic importance of hematologic parameters would help us to better tailor the therapeutic approach to PV patients (pts), which is currently mainly based on the use of acetilsalycilic acid (ASA), venesection and hydroxyurea . The aim of our study was to analyze if any clinical or laboratory variables were significantly associated to the occurrence of TEs both at PV diagnosis and during the course of the disease in a large series of PV pts uniformly followed at a single Center over a period of 29.5 years from January 1986 to June 2019. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the time of diagnosis until death, progression to acute leukemia or last follow-up. Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) levels were recorded for each patient at least every 6 months. Among a total of 331 pts, the median age was 65 years (range 30-92 years), and 56% were male. "High risk" features (age ≥ 60 years and/or history of prior thrombosis) were present in 221 pts (66.7%). The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors was: hypertension 64%, diabetes 15%, hyperlipidemia 28%, history of active or remote smoking 41%. Patients on ASA were 279 (84%), 19 (6%) were on oral anticoagulation, while 27 (8%) were on ASA+oral anticoagulant. At PV diagnosis 54 pts (16%) presented with thrombosis, arterial in 32 (59%) and venous in 22 (41%). A previous TE was recorded in 57 pts (17%): in 43 (75%) arterial, in 12 (22%) venous and in 2 (3%) mixed (arterial+venous). Previous thrombosis was the only variable significantly associated with the presence of a TE at PV diagnosis (P=0.02). After PV diagnosis, with a median follow-up of 81 months (range 1-374 months), 63 pts (19%) experienced a TE and 11 of them a further episode, for a total of 74 TEs. The incidence rate (pts/year) of TEs was 2.7%. Forty-two events were arterial (57%), 31 were venous (42%) and 1 (1%) was mixed. It was the first TE for 37 pts. Cerebrovascular accidents and deep-venous thrombosis were the most frequent arterial and venous TEs both at PV diagnosis and throughout the disease course, with a relative incidence of 50% and 32% respectively. The table compares the characteristics of patients who did or did not develop a TE after PV diagnosis. At univariate analysis, PV high risk status, a previous TE and hyperlipidemia at PV diagnosis were significantly associated with a subsequent TE. Among hematologic variables an elevated WBC count at the time of thrombosis, but not Hct or PLT levels, was highly significantly associated with the development of a TE. At multivariate analysis, WBC count ≥10.4 x 10^9/L and hyperlipidemia maintained their independent prognostic value, while high risk status and a previous TE lost their prognostic significance. Both at univariate and multivariate analysis, hyperlipidemia at diagnosis (P=0.009 and P=0.002) and high WBC count at thrombosis (P=0.001 and P=&lt;0.0001) predicted for arterial thromboses, while only a history of prior thrombosis (P=0.03) predicted for venous ones. In conclusion, our analysis confirms that elevated WBC count at the moment of the event more than increased hematocrit is associated to the development of thrombosis in PV pts. We also found that hyperlipidemia was an independent risk factor for arterial thrombosis, calling for an accurate management of increased lipid levels. Whether a reduction of the WBC count during the course of PV may reduce the frequency of TE remains to be demonstrated by prospective studies. Table Disclosures D'Adda: Novartis: Other: Advisory board; Incyte: Other: Advisory board; Pfizer: Other: Advisory board. Rossi:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Other: Advisory board; Alexion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Infusion-Related Reactions in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Treated with Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: Analysis of the CLL11 Study Dataset

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 3339-3339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Louise Freeman ◽  
Mark Dixon ◽  
Richard Houghton ◽  
Kathryn Humphrey ◽  
Gunter Fingerle-Rowson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Tumour Burden ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Anti Cd20

Abstract Background: The administration of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in patients with B-cell lympho-proliferative disorders is frequently accompanied by a constellation of signs and symptoms that have been labelled as infusion-related reactions (IRR). The pathophysiology of IRR remains poorly understood as do predictors of risk, which may relate to the mechanism of action of the anti-CD20, disease-related factors such as tumour burden or host factors such as polymorphisms of Fc gamma receptor 3A (FcγRIIIA). In the CLL11 trial (NCT01010061), patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and comorbidities were randomised to receive either rituximab (type I anti-CD20 mAb) or obinutuzumab (type II and glycoengineered anti-CD20 mAb) in combination with chlorambucil for six cycles. Obinutuzumab led to faster depletion of B cells and achieved an improvement in outcome parameters such as response and progression-free survival compared with the rituximab arm, but was also associated with a higher rate and increased severity of IRR. To better understand the profile of risk for IRR in patients with CLL, we performed an exploratory analysis on data obtained from patients treated with either one of the two antibodies given in combination with chlorambucil. Methods: Patients from the prospective, randomized Phase III CLL11 study who received a first infusion of obinutuzumab (N=331) or rituximab (N=326) were included. Baseline pre-treatment risk factors thought to play a possible role in the development of IRR were identified a priori and included patient demographics, concurrent conditions and premedications, parameters of disease burden, prognostic factors, laboratory variables and FcγR genotype. Baseline values for mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD20, gated on the circulating CLL clone, and MFI of CD16, gated on the natural killer (NK) cell population (CD56+16+) in peripheral blood were also available for N=510 patients. The primary outcome, development of an IRR with the first infusion, was defined as the occurrence of related signs and symptoms during or within 24 hours of administration of antibody. Due to the short-term nature of the initial IRR a multivariate logistical regression analysis was performed rather than a time to event analysis. Internal validation of this model, derived from a single dataset, was conducted using the established resampling technique of bootstrapping. This assessed the proportion of times each variable retained significance at α=0.10 when the model was fitted to bootstrapped samples of the dataset. Results: Patients that appeared to be at greater risk of developing any grade of IRR with the first infusion of rituximab or obinutuzumab were those treated with obinutuzumab, those with higher surface expression CD20 on CLL cells (MFI CD20) and greater FcγRIIIA (MFI CD16) on NK cells in peripheral blood, those with higher affinity FcγRIIIA genotype (VV), more pronounced neutropenia and splenomegaly at baseline (Table 1). Higher baseline absolute lymphocyte count and the presence of respiratory comorbidity also appeared to increase risk. All variables significant for inclusion in the model are shown in Table 1. Looking at those patients treated with obinutuzumab only, the most important determinant of risk was MFI CD20 (OR 3.6 95% CI 1.6-7.9). The impact of glucocorticoid premedication in reducing risk in obinutuzumab treated patients was not sufficient to reach significance, however, patients were not randomised to this intervention. Conclusion: This work identifies novel disease- and patient-specific biological variables that appear to play a role in the development of IRR in patients with CLL treated with anti-CD20 mAb, although the treatment received (obinutuzumab >rituximab) confers greatest risk. In addition to parameters of tumour burden, target antigen expression and gene polymorphisms of FcγR also appear to contribute to the risk of developing an IRR. Our results support the hypothesis that higher rates of IRR seen with the administration of obinutuzumab may result from stronger activation upon binding to CD20 on leukemic cells and subsequent enhanced cross-linking between CD20 expressing leukemic cells and FcγRIIIA bearing effector cells. Further studies involving obinutuzumab in this patient population will be needed to externally validate the results of this exploratory analysis. Disclosures Freeman: Roche Pharmaceuticals: clinical research fellowship supported by Roche Pharmaceuticals (secondment from Bart's) Other. Dixon:Roche Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Houghton:Roche Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Humphrey:Roche: Employment. Fingerle-Rowson:Roche Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kreuzer:Roche Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Engelke:Roche: Travel grants Other. Hallek:Roche Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Goede:Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Travel grants Other.

scholarly journals Clinical and Biomarker Predictors for Avascular Necrosis in Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3091-3091
Author(s):  
Michael Rabaza ◽  
Maria Armila Ruiz ◽  
Liana Posch ◽  
Faiz Ahmed Hussain ◽  
Franklin Njoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Early Management

Abstract Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects 1 in 365 African Americans and approximately 25 million people world-wide. A common skeletal system complication is avascular necrosis (AVN), which can cause substantial pain and a reduced quality of life. While early management of AVN is focused on increasing range of motion with physical therapy and pain relief, there are no clear predictors for who is more likely to develop AVN and earlier institution of these preventive measure could help decrease disease progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a biomarker of endothelial injury and may indicate reduced vascular supply to the femoral or humeral head. Here we describe potential risk factors and biologic pathways for AVN in SCD, as understanding these may lead to improvements in future monitoring, early detection, and early intervention practices. Methods We investigated clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with AVN in a cohort of 435 SCD patients from our center. Blood samples, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at the time of enrollment during a clinic visit. Genotyping for alpha thalassemia was performed by PCR and the serum concentration of VEGF was measured by ELISA. AVN status was confirmed by review of the medical record and available imaging. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis comparing categorical and linear variables by AVN status using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. The independent association of the clinical and laboratory variables with AVN status was determined by logistic regression analysis. The initial model included variables with a P-value &lt; 0.1 on univariate analysis and the final model was ascertained by stepwise forward and backward selection. Median values and interquartile range (IQR) are provided. Results The median age of the cohort was 32 (IQR, 24 - 43) years, 57% (250/435) were female, and 46% (198/435) were on hydroxyurea. AVN was observed in 34% (149/435) of SCD patients. SCD patients with AVN were older, had more frequent vaso-occlusive crises requiring medical attention, and had a higher body mass index (Table I) (P ≤ 0.002). We measured VEGF in 241 of the SCD patients with serum samples available at the time of enrolment. Serum VEGF concentrations trended higher in SCD patients with versus without AVN (420 vs. 359 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.078). In the multivariate analysis model, AVN was independently associated with increased number of vaso-occlusive crises (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0 - 1.14; P = 0.02), AST concentration (natural log OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2 - 0.9; P = 0.03), VEGF concentration (natural log OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0 - 1.9; P = 0.047), and tobacco use (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 0.9 - 3.7; P = 0.078). Discussion In conclusion, we demonstrate a high prevalence of AVN in an adult cohort of SCD patients. The presence of AVN was independently associated with a greater frequency of vaso-occlusive pain episodes, which may demonstrate a shared pathophysiology between AVN and vaso-occlusion that merits further investigation. We demonstrate that serum VEGF concentrations are higher in SCD patients with AVN and may be a clinical tool to identify those at high-risk and for earlier intervention for this complication. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Gordeuk: Modus Therapeutics: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Emmaus: Consultancy, Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Consultancy. Saraf: Pfizer: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

scholarly journals Phase II Trial of the Combination of Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 804-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bustoros ◽  
Chia-jen Liu ◽  
Kaitlen Reyes ◽  
Kalvis Hornburg ◽  
Kathleen Guimond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Equity Ownership

Abstract Background. This study aimed to determine the progression-free survival and response rate using early therapeutic intervention in patients with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) using the combination of ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone. Methods. Patients enrolled on study met eligibility for high-risk SMM based on the newly defined criteria proposed by Rajkumar et al., Blood 2014. The treatment plan was designed to be administered on an outpatient basis where patients receive 9 cycles of induction therapy of ixazomib (4mg) at days 1, 8, and 15, in combination with lenalidomide (25mg) at days 1-21 and Dexamethasone at days 1, 8, 15, and 22. This induction phase is followed by ixazomib (4mg) and lenalidomide (15mg) maintenance for another 15 cycles. A treatment cycle is defined as 28 consecutive days, and therapy is administered for a total of 24 cycles total. Bone marrow samples from all patients were obtained before starting therapy for baseline assessment, whole exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing of plasma and bone marrow microenvironment cells. Moreover, blood samples were obtained at screening and before each cycle to isolate cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Stem cell collection is planned for all eligible patients. Results. In total, 26 of the planned 56 patients were enrolled in this study from February 2017 to April 2018. The median age of the patients enrolled was 63 years (range, 41 to 73) with 12 males (46.2%). Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) was successful in 18 patients. High-risk cytogenetics (defined as the presence of t(4;14), 17p deletion, and 1q gain) were found in 11 patients (61.1%). The median number of cycles completed was 8 cycles (3-15). The most common toxicities were fatigue (69.6%), followed by rash (56.5%), and neutropenia (56.5%). The most common grade 3 adverse events were hypophosphatemia (13%), leukopenia (13%), and neutropenia (8.7%). One patient had grade 4 neutropenia during treatment. Additionally, grade 4 hyperglycemia occurred in another patient. As of this abstract date, the overall response rate (partial response or better) in participants who had at least 3 cycles of treatment was 89% (23/26), with 5 Complete Responses (CR, 19.2%), 9 very good partial responses (VGPR, 34.6%), 9 partial responses (34.6%), and 3 Minimal Responses (MR, 11.5%). None of the patients have shown progression to overt MM to date. Correlative studies including WES of plasma cells and single-cell RNA sequencing of the bone microenvironment cells are ongoing to identify the genomic and transcriptomic predictors for the differential response to therapy as well as for disease evolution. Furthermore, we are analyzing the cfDNA and CTCs of the patients at different time points to investigate their use in monitoring minimal residual disease and disease progression. Conclusion. The combination of ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone is an effective and well-tolerated intervention in high-risk smoldering myeloma. The high response rate, convenient schedule with minimal toxicity observed to date are promising in this patient population at high risk of progression to symptomatic disease. Further studies and longer follow up for disease progression are warranted. Disclosures Bustoros: Dava Oncology: Honoraria. Munshi:OncoPep: Other: Board of director. Anderson:C4 Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; Celgene: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Takeda Millennium: Consultancy; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopep: Equity Ownership. Richardson:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Ghobrial:Celgene: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy.

scholarly journals A Phase 2 Trial of Ibrutinib and Nivolumab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Walter Hanel ◽  
Beth A. Christian ◽  
Kami J. Maddocks ◽  
Narendranath Epperla ◽  
Basem M. William ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Advisory Committees

Introduction: Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by an extensive inflammatory infiltrate with abundant Th2 and Treg cells which facilitate immune escape of Reed Sternberg (RS) cells and provides a growth promoting microenvironment by cytokine secretion and CD40/CD40L engagement. Our group previously show that ibrutinib irreversibly inhibits both Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and interleukin-2 inducible kinase (ITK), a kinase important in Th2 signaling (Dubovsky et al Blood 2013). We hypothesized that the addition of ibrutinib to nivolumab would lead to deeper and more durable responses in cHL by normalizing the Th1/Th2 balance thus reversing immune escape of RS cells. We present results of a planned interim analysis of the first 10 patients enrolled with a data cutoff of June of 2020. Methods: This is a single arm, phase II, single institutional clinical trial testing the clinical activity of nivolumab in combination with ibrutinib in patients ≥18 years of age with histologically confirmed cHL who have received at least one prior line of therapy and who were either not candidates for or had a prior autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Prior treatment with nivolumab was allowed. Ibrutinib was administered at 560 mg daily until progression in combination with nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for 16 cycles. The primary objective was complete response rate (CRR) prior to cycle 7 assessed per Lugano criteria. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using CTCAE Version 4.0. Results: Of the first 11 cHL patients enrolled, one patient withdrew consent prior to initiating therapy. Of the remaining 10 patients, the median age was 41 years (range 20-84) and 4 patients (40%) were male. The median number of prior lines of treatment was 4.5 (range 1-11), 5 patients (50%) had prior ASCT, 8 patients (80%) had prior brentuximab, and 5 patients (50%) had prior nivolumab. Four of the five patients with prior nivolumab had progressed while receiving therapy while the remaining patient had stable disease upon completing nivolumab with a median time from the last nivolumab treatment of 15.6 months (range 0.7-23.2). Of the 10 patients who received treatment, one patient came off study after two cycles due to persistent grade 2 transaminitis lasting for several weeks attributed to nivolumab requiring high dose oral steroids. One patient came off study after cycle 9 due to grade 3 hematuria attributed to ibrutinib and another came off study due to a pericardial effusion after 8 cycles of ibrutinib maintenance. In the remaining patients, treatment was generally well tolerated with most AEs being grade 1-2 (Table 1). The median number of total cycles received was 9 (range 2-22). Of the 9 patients evaluable for response, 6 patients responded (ORR = 66%), 4 of whom had a complete response (CRR = 44%) with a median time to response of 2 months (Table 2, Fig.1). In intention-to-treat analysis, the ORR was 60% and CRR was 40% meeting our prespecified interim efficacy endpoint of a 30% CRR for trial continuation. Notably, of the 5 patients with prior nivolumab, 3 responded to nivolumab + ibrutinib (ORR = 60%), with one having a CR (CRR = 20%). Overall, at a median follow up of 9.5 months, both the median PFS and duration of response have not yet been reached, with 3 patients remaining in CR at the time of data cutoff. Three of 4 patients discontinued trial treatment to undergo SCT [2 allogeneic; 1 autologous]. Of the 2 allogeneic SCT patients, the first one underwent SCT 3 weeks after the last nivolumab infusion and developed multi-organ acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) followed by severe chronic GVHD requiring extracorporeal photopheresis. The second patient underwent allogeneic SCT 2 months following the last nivolumab infusion and had no acute GVHD and experienced only mild chronic GVHD which was medically managed. Conclusions: Although the numbers are small and further recruitment is ongoing (target n=17), the combination of ibrutinib and nivolumab was generally well tolerated and with high response rate with more than half of responding patients achieving a CR. In addition, responses were seen in patients with prior nivolumab treatment. Our results suggest a possible novel role for BTK inhibition in reversing nivolumab resistance in cHL, at least in some cases. Correlative studies including peripheral blood and tumor immune subset analyses are ongoing and the latest results will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures Christian: Acerta: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; F Hoffman-La Roche: Research Funding; Triphase: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Verastem: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZenica: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Maddocks:Morphosys: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics, AstraZeneca: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria. Epperla:Verastem Oncology: Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria. William:Incyte: Research Funding; Dova: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Kyowa Kirin: Consultancy, Honoraria; Guidepoint Global: Consultancy. Jaglowski:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; CRISPR: Consultancy; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Juno: Consultancy. Bond:Seattle Genetics: Honoraria. Brammer:Celgene Corporation: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Speakers Bureau. Baiocchi:viracta: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Prelude Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding. OffLabel Disclosure: This trial uses ibrutnib in cHL to augment the responses of concurrent nivolumab administration.

scholarly journals High Major Response Rate, Including Very Good Partial Responses (VGPR), in Patients (pts) with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) Treated with the Highly Specific BTK Inhibitor Bgb-3111: Expansion Phase Results from an Ongoing Phase I Study

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine S. Tam ◽  
Judith Trotman ◽  
Stephen Opat ◽  
Paula Marlton ◽  
Gavin Cull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Btk Inhibitor ◽  
Eliza Hall Institute ◽  
Hall Institute

Abstract Introduction: The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (IB) is highly active in WM, achieving major responses (CR+VGPR+PR) in approximately 70% of pts. However, VGPR is infrequent, with rates ≤15% in reported series (Treon NEJM 2015, Dimopoulos EHA 2016). BGB-3111 is a potent, highly-specific and irreversible BTK inhibitor, with greater selectivity than IB for BTK vs. other TEC- and HER-family kinases, and superior bioavailability. We previously reported that the recommended phase 2 dose of BGB-3111 is 320mg daily (in single or split dose) in pts with advanced B cell malignancies. This achieves plasma levels equivalent to 6-10 fold that of IB, and >90% continuous inhibition of BTK in lymph node biopsies. We specifically investigated the safety and efficacy of BGB-3111 in pts with WM in an expansion cohort of the initial Phase 1 trial. Reported here are updated results of this study, including data from WM specific expansion cohorts. Aims: To define the safety profile, and clinical activity of BGB-3111 in pts with WM. Methods: These results are from a pre-specified a component of a Phase 1 study (Part 1: dose escalation [DEsc] in pts with R/R B cell malignancies, Part 2: disease-specific dose expansion cohorts [EC] at the recommended Phase 2 dose that included patients with relapsed / refractory or previously untreated WM). Adverse events (AEs) were reported per CTCAE v4.03. Responses were determined according to the modified Sixth International Workshop on WM (IWWM) criteria. The data cut-off is 10 June 2016. Results: As of 10 June 2016, 31 pts with WM have been enrolled; 6 pts in DEsc (40mg [n=2], 80mg [n=2], 160mg QD [n=1], and 320mg QD [n=1]), and 25 in the WM EC (160mg BID [n=18], 320mg QD [n=7]). Three pts in DEsc were increased to 160mg QD after analysis of DEsc data, as allowed by protocol. Twenty-four pts are included in this analysis; 5 pts were excluded because of short (<60 day) follow-up for safety and efficacy, and 2 pts accrued at a single site were excluded because of insufficient documentation at baseline. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and prior treatment history are summarized in Table 1. BGB-3111 was well tolerated with 71% reporting no drug related AE >Gr 1 severity within the first 12 weeks of therapy. The most frequent AEs (>20%) of any attribution (all Gr 1/2) were upper respiratory infection (25%), diarrhea (25%), and nausea (21%). There were 2 SAEs assessed as possibly related to BGB-3111 (Gr 2 atrial fibrillation, Gr 3 cryptococcal meningitis); in both cases, BGB-3111 was temporarily held but safely resumed. In total, 2 pts developed AF (one Gr 1, one Gr 2). No serious hemorrhage (≥Gr 3 or CNS hemorrhage of any grade) was reported. After a median follow-up of 7.6 months (2-21 months), the response rate was 92% (22/24). The major response rate was 83% (20/24), with VGPR (>90% reduction in IgM and reduction in extramedullary disease) in 33% (8/24) and PR (50-90% reduction in IgM and reduction in extramedullary disease) in 50% (12/24) pts. Pts with WM refractory to their last therapy were equally responsive: major response 77% [10/13], VGPR 31% [4/13], PR 46% [6/13]. Median time to initial response and major response were 29 days and 34 days, respectively. IgM decreased from a median of 29.9g/l at baseline to 3.0g/l; hemoglobin increased from a median of 10.1 g/dl at baseline to 13.5g/l. Two of 3 pts who had a dose increase after reaching a stable IgM plateau had further falls in IgM levels after dose escalation. Kinetics of IgM and hemoglobin response are presented in Figure 1. Lymphadenopathy was present in 8 pts at baseline; serial CT demonstrated reduction or resolution in all 8 pts (27%-100% reduction in SPD). Only one patient discontinued BGB-3111, due to exacerbation of pre-existing bronchiectasis while in VGPR. There have been no cases of disease progression. Analysis of response by genomic characteristics (including MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status) is ongoing. Conclusions: BGB-3111 is well-tolerated and highly active in WM. The depth and quality of responses, as reflected by the VGPR rate of 33%, warrant a randomized comparison against ibrutinib in pts with WM. Table 1. Table 1. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Tam: Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Opat:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Provision of subsidised drugs, Research Funding. Simpson:Amgen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Celgene, Roche, Janssen: Honoraria. Anderson:Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research: Other: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research receives milestone payments for the development of venetoclax. Kirschbaum:Beigene: Employment. Wang:Beigene: Employment. Xue:Beigene: Employment. Yang:BeiGene: Employment. Hedrick:Beigene: Employment. Seymour:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Roberts:AbbVie: Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Genentech: Patents & Royalties: Employee of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research which receives milestone payments related to venetoclax.

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