scholarly journals An Institutional Survey of Warfarin Reversal in the Setting of Life-Threatening Bleeds

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4981-4981
Author(s):  
Ian Garrahy ◽  
Tushar Pawar ◽  
Anthony Donato ◽  
Amber Stevenson ◽  
Daniel Forman
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anticoagulation Management ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Warfarin Reversal ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Introduction: The bleeding risk of warfarin is well known. Therapeutic options for warfarin reversal in life-threatening bleeds include fresh frozen plasma (FFP), recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Despite the theoretical advantage and clinical evidence supporting PCC, it is not widely used in the US. Methods: An online anonymous questionnaire was sent to all providers in the Tower Health System asking them about their practice, specialty, degree, years in practice, and basic questions regarding their comfort and frequency of prescribing anticoagulants. The questionnaire also asked the providers how they would manage ten various clinical scenarios related to anticoagulation management. One question specifically addressed the management of warfarin reversal in an 85-year-old presenting with hemorrhagic shock. Analysis of variance was used to compare the scoring means between groups while linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient measured the relationship between years of practice and test scores. Results: Out of 404 responders, 232 (57.4%) selected an incorrect answer and 212 (52.5%) incorrectly selected fresh frozen plasma as the answer to the question (see uploaded image) that addressed warfarin reversal in the setting of major bleeding. Those providers who answered this question correctly and those who answered it incorrectly had mean scores of 68.26% and 52.16% respectively on the overall survey (p value 0.000). Conclusion: As compared to FFP, the use of PCC for warfarin reversal is associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality. This project demonstrates a professional practice gap and serves to highlight an area in medicine where many providers are not practicing in accordance with evidence-based practice. Furthermore, this particular question from the survey discovered that providers who performed better on the survey were more likely to answer questions regarding anticoagulation reversal correctly. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Successful Control of Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) by Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) and Octreotide Infusion

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4336-4336
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash Yadav ◽  
Anupam Sachdeva ◽  
Madasu Anjan ◽  
Nita Radhakrishnan ◽  
Sunil Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Lower Gi Bleeding ◽  
Gi Bleed ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Abstract Post stem cell transplantation (SCT) bleeding is a dreaded complication especially gastrointestinal (GI). Platelet refractoriness is another but rare cause of bleeding post SCT. Use of rFVIIa for bleeding in setting of SCT was tested by Pihusch et al in 100 patients. Despite no overall effect of rFVIIa treatment on primary endpoint, post hoc analysis showed an improvement in the control of bleeding for 80 ug kg rFVIIa vs. standard haemostatic treatment. There were 38 patients with GI bleeding but none with massive bleeding. There are only 8 other case reports of use of rFVIIa for massive lower GI bleeding post allogeneic SCT with only one patient showing partial response and none of the patients surviving. The role of octreotide is less clear in gastrointestinal bleeding unrelated to portal hypertension. Y. Eroglu reported that, the response rate of gastrointestinal bleeding to octreotide in patients without portal hypertension was 50%. We present a 10 month-old female child, who had three episodes of life threatening lower GI bleeding post unrelated UCBT controlled successfully each time by use of rFVIIa and octerotide infusion. Patient underwent an unrelated UCBT for Thalassemia Major with a 4/6 matched cord unit and was conditioned with Busulfan 14 mg/kg, Cyclophosphamide120 mg/kg and Anti- Thymocyte Globulin. Cyclosporine and Methotrexate was given for Graft vs. host Disease prophylaxis. Cell dose infused was 7 × 107 nucleated cell/kg. She failed to engraft and also developed refractory thrombocytopenia. On Day + 48 post UCBT she developed massive lower GI bleed (passing big clots per rectum) with hypotension. Her platelets were 8,000/mm3, Hb of 4.5 gm/dl. Her coagulation parameters were normal. She was given packed cells, platelets (random donor and apheresis), Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and tranexamic acid (250 mg IV 8 hrly). She was also started on injection octreotide infusion (1μg/kg bolus followed by 1μg/kg/hr infusion). Patient continued to have life threatening lower GI bleed (bleeding score-4) with no rise in platelets so a decision was made to administer rFVIIa (once she was repleted with packed cells, platelets and fresh frozen plasma) using the bolus dose of 90 μg/kg IV 3 doses 2 hrly. Autologous marrow was infused with CD34 cell dose 7 million/kg in view of non-engraftment. The bleeding subsided completely (within 6 hrs) after three doses of rFVIIa and the blood pressure normalized. Octreotide infusion was stopped after 12 hrs of bleeding free interval. After a 24 hr bleeding free period on Day +50 post UCBT, patient again bled with hypotension and again required factor VIIa (two doses) along with blood products and octreotide infusion and again showed excellent response. Again on Day+59 post UCBT she had another episode of massive lower GI bleed with hypotension and again required activated factor VIIa (two doses only) along with blood products and octreotide infusion) and bleeding stopped in next 8 hr. There was no further episode of lower GI bleed. No adverse effects due to rFVIIa were observed. She was discharged after 2 weeks with recovery of neutrophills and platelets and continues to be well Day +100 post transplant. Following this case we suggest that rVIIa with octerotide be considered as a mode of additional therapy for life-threatening GI bleeding in the face of severe thrombocytopenia and platelet refractoriness, where platelet transfusions and other haemostatic agents have failed.

Direct (new) oral anticoagulants (DOACs): Drawbacks, bleeding and reversal

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Karcioglu ◽  
Sehmus Zengin ◽  
Bilgen Ozkaya ◽  
Eylem Ersan ◽  
Sarper Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Background and Objective: Direct (new) Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as a contemporary and promising option in the treatment of thromboses and VTE, while protecting the coagulation cascade against untoward bleeding events. They are used in the management and prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and other thrombotic diseases. The most prominent complication of these agents is bleeding. These agents have similar or lower rates of major intracranial hemorrhages, while they had a higher risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding when compared to warfarin. This manuscript is aimed to revise and update the literature findings to outline the side effects of DOACs in various clinical scenarios. Methods: A narrative review of currently published studies was performed. Online database searches were performed for clinical trials published before July 2021, on the efficacy and adverse effects attributed to the anticoagulant treatment, especially DOACs. A literature search via electronic databases was carried out, beginning with the usage of the agents in the Western Languages papers. The search terms initially included direct (new) oral anticoagulants, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, idarucizumab, andexanet, prothrombin complex concentrates, and fresh frozen plasma. Papers were examined for methodological soundness before being included. Results: Severe bleeding episodes require aggressive interventions for successful management. Therefore, bleeding should be evaluated in special regard to the location and rate of hemorrhage, and total volume of blood loss. Patient's age, weight and organ dysfunctions (e.g., kidney/liver failure or chronic respiratory diseases) directly affect the clinical course of overdose. Conclusion: Management recommendations for hemorrhage associated with DOAC use vary, depending on the class of the culprit agent (direct thrombin inhibitor vs. FXa inhibitor), the clinical status of the patient (mild/ moderate vs. severe/life-threatening), and capabilities of the institution. Specific reversal agents (i.e., idarucizumab and andexanet alfa) can be used if available, while prothrombin complex concentrates, fresh frozen plasma and/ or tranexamic acid can also be employed as nonspecific replacement agents in the management of DOAC-related bleeding diathesis.

Congenital ADAMTS-13 deficiency presenting as life-threatening thrombosis during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e239901
Author(s):  
Faheema Hasan ◽  
Anshul Gupta ◽  
Dinesh Chandra ◽  
Soniya Nityanand
Keyword(s):  
Late Presentation ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Artery Thrombosis ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase ◽  
Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeats ◽  
Frozen Plasma ◽  
Plasma Infusions

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disease characterised by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and microvascular thrombosis. Congenital TTP accounting for less than 5% of all TTP cases can have a late presentation in adulthood mostly triggered by predisposing factors such as infection, pregnancy and inflammation. We present a case of a 23-year-old woman who presented to us in the postpartum period with mesenteric artery thrombosis with infarcts and later was diagnosed as a case of TTP based on congenital a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 repeats 13 (ADAMTS-13) deficiency detected on ADAMTS-13 levels and gene sequencing. She was successfully managed initially with therapeutic plasma exchanges and is now on prophylactic fortnightly fresh frozen plasma infusions at 15 mL/kg body weight and continues to be in remission.

Massive Transfusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Jay Berger
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Massive Transfusion ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Massive transfusion is defined as transfusion of 3 units of packed red blood cells in less than 1 hour in an adult, replacement of more than 1 blood volume in 24 hours, or replacement of more than 50% of blood volume in 3 hours. Massive transfusion protocols are implemented in cases of life-threatening hemorrhage after trauma, during a surgical procedure, or during childbirth. These protocols are intended to minimize the adverse effects of hypovolemia, dilutional anemia, metabolic complications, and coagulopathy with early empiric replacement of blood products and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and packed red blood cells in a composition that approximates that of whole blood.

scholarly journals Caution in diagnosing angioedema as anaphylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e230329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivam Patel ◽  
Roshan Mathew ◽  
Sanjeev Bhoi
Keyword(s):  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Angioedema is one of the commonest life-threatening conditions with good outcome timely definitive treatment. However, failure to recognise the common presentation of an uncommon bradykinin-mediated angioedema in time may lead to fatal outcome in the emergency department (ED). We report a case of a 79-year-old male patient who presented to ED with features of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema which was identified and resuscitated by the emergency physician with use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) leading to prompt recovery and good outcome.

Hereditary Angioedema: Management of Laryngeal Attacks

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Christiansen ◽  
Bruce L. Zuraw
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
C1 Inhibitor ◽  
Acute Therapy ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Frozen Plasma ◽  
Future Management

Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients suffering from laryngeal attacks in the United States faced severely limited treatment options until 2008. These potentially life-threatening episodes occur in over one-half of the patients affected by HAE during their lifetimes. Acute therapy had been relegated to supportive care, intubation, and consideration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)–-the latter with the potential for actually accelerating the speed and severity of the swelling. Methods In this article we will review the recently approved and emerging HAE treatments that have evolved from the recognition that bradykinin generation is the fundamental abnormality leading to attacks of angioedema. Results Acute therapy for laryngeal attacks will be discussed including purified plasma–derived C1 inhibitor (C1INH), recombinant C1INH, an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (ecallantide), and a B2 receptor antagonist (icatibant). Prophylactic care has also been transformed from a reliance on attenuated androgens with their attendant side effects to C1INH replacement. Conclusion The arrival of these novel therapies promises to transform the future management of HAE.

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