scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF MASSIVE DOSES OF IRON GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY TO PATIENTS WITH HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

Blood ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE TOMPKINS GOETSCH ◽  
CARL V. MOORE ◽  
VIRGINIA MINNICH
Keyword(s):  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Procedure ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Iron Administration ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Abstract Massive doses of iron (from 0.608 to 1.32 Gm. as colloidal terric hydroxide or colloidal ferric oxide) were given intravenously in single infusions to 8 different patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia. One patient was given a second injection after an interval of four months, so that nine administrations were made. The following observations were made: 1. The reticulocyte response was higher in each instance than would be expected in oral therapy. In 3 additional patients in whom injection had to be discontinued after 0.070, 0.180, and 0.123 Gm. of elemental iron had respectively been given, the reticulocyte rises were higher than were the average responses reported by Heath18 after optimal oral therapy. This at least suggests that "optimal" oral therapy does not provide a maximal stimulus to outpouring of reticulocytes from the bone marrow. Comparable doses of iron given to 3 control subjects with normal hemoglobin levels did not cause a reticulocytosis. 2. The average rate of hemoglobin regeneration per 100 cc. of blood per day was 0.224 Gm.; the lowest value was 0.16 Gm. and the highest 0.27 Gm. These figures were calculated for the rise that occurred from the day of iron administration to the time at which the rate of hemoglobin increase was obviously becoming slower. Since correction was not made for blood loss in 3 of the patients during the period of regeneration, the figures for the rate of hemoglobin formation are lower than they otherwise would have been. Even so they are distinctly greater than those usually obtained following oral therapy (table 2), but no greater than is found in an occasional patient given iron by mouth. The data suggest that the fastest rate of hemoglobin regeneration that can be stimulated by iron in subjects with hypochromic anemia approximates 0.3 Gm. per 100 cc. per day. 3. Calculations indicated that from 71.8 to 99.7 per cent of the injected iron was apparently used for the synthesis of hemoglobin. These figures are likewise lower than they would have been if several of the patients had not lost blood during the recovery period. The observation of other workers that parenterally administered iron is almost completely retained by the body and converted into hemoglobin was therefore confirmed. 4. Toxic reactions to the injected iron are described in detail. They were severe in all but two instances, and in 3 patients were so alarming that injection of iron had to be discontinued. There can be no doubt that the reactions to iron parenterally administered in large doses are great enough to contra-indicate use of this measure as a therapeutic procedure.

scholarly journals FAMILIAL HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH POSTSPLENECTOMY ERYTHROCYTIC INCLUSION BODIES

Blood ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAROLD MILLS ◽  
S. P. LUCIA
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract A case is presented of familial, hypochromic, microcytic anemia, associated with the appearance of siderocytes in the peripheral blood following splenectomy. The medical literature of the recent past focuses attention on the clinical recognition of inclusion bodies, but their origin and significance have not been completely clarified. Rundles and Falls4 were the first to demonstrate them in hereditary hypochromic microcytic anemia, and in addition they have been shown to appear in acquired hemolytic anemia,2, 3 Banti’s syndrome,1 lead poisoning,3, 15 and in hemochromatosis, bacterial toxemias, industrial solvent poisoning, sickle cell anemia and acholuric jaundice.15 It is probable that the anemia in the case under discussion may have been due to some defect in iron metabolism. Neither the subject nor his maternal half-brother were demonstrated to have any objective evidence of hemolysis, and neither revealed reticulocytosis, despite intensive iron and liver therapy, a point in favor of poor utilization of iron. Furthermore, marked hemosiderosis was an outstanding feature of both cases signifying that at least one form of storage iron was available but not utilized. The significance of inclusion bodies within erythrocytes is discussed and a classification of inclusion bodies is offered. A final statement regarding the nature of iron granules within red cells must await further research. When present within the erythrocytes of the peripheral blood or in the erythroid series of the bone marrow, they probably are the result of faulty iron metabolism either due to some inherent defect or secondary to the action of some noxious agent. Their prognostic significance is obscure, but this is probably related to the severity of the disease process of which they are an expression.

scholarly journals Assessment of informative value of calculated red blood cell indices in the primary diagnosis of thalassemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
U. A. Markelova ◽  
S. A. Plyasunova
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Laboratory Technology

Acceleration of the differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia is still an urgent problem. With the development of laboratory technology, new possibilities appear for differentiating iron deficiency and hemoglobinopathies as the main causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia. This study was conducted to assess the information content of the calculated indices of red blood cells M, Si, M-H and M-H-RDW in the primary diagnosis of thalassemia. This study is supported by the Independent Ethics Committee and approved by the Academic Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology. 110 patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia were examined. The material for research was whole venous blood with the anticoagulant K3 EDTA. Blood samples were studied by flow cytometry using an Sysmex XT 4000i (Sysmex Corporation, Япония) automated hematology analyzer in CBC + DIFF + RET mode. It was found that with a probability of 96.3%, it is possible to assume the presence of thalassemia in the primary diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia using the parameters of an automatic hematological analyzer and calculated indices M, Si, M-H and M-H-RDW. Assessment of the information content of the calculated indices M, Si and M-H, M-H-RDW in the primary diagnosis of thalassemia showed their high predictive value in case of simultaneous changes in all 4 indices. For the correct assessment and exclusion of false negative results, a strict observance of the preanalytical stage and the availability of information on transfusions of erythrocyte-containing media carried out by the patient are necessary.

scholarly journals Biochemical markers and haematologic indices in the diagnosis of iron-restricted erythropoiesis and monitoring of r-HuEPO therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Thomas ◽  
Christian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Diagnostic Plot ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
End Stage

Classical iron deficiency (ID) is not a challenge for the laboratory and physicians. The diagnosis is associated with microcytic hypochromic anemia and low serum ferritin. Anemia that accompanies infection, inflammation, and cancer, commonly termed anemia of chronic disorders (ACD) has apparently normal or increased iron stores. However, 20% of these patients have iron-restricted erythropoiesis (functional ID), an imbalance between iron requirements of the erythroid marrow and the actual iron supply. Functional ID leads to a reduction of red cell hemoglobinization, which causes hypochromic microcytic anemia. The early diagnosis of functional ID is based on the measurement of heamoglobin content of reticulocytes. This index can be estimated measuring the CHr with the Bayer Advia analyzer or the Ret-Y, using the Sysmex XE analyzer series. A CHr < 28 pg or a Ret-Y < 1630 are sensitive indicators of functional ID. For the assessment of iron status and the detection of advancing iron deficiency in patients with ID, ACD and the combined state of functional ID/ACD a diagnostic plot was developed. The plot indicates the correlation between the ratio sTfR/log ferritin (ferritin index), a marker of iron supply for erythropoiesis, and the CHr or Ret-Y. The diagnostic plot shows a good selectivity to assess the iron status of disease specific anemias like classical ID, end stage renal failure, cancer related anemia and anemia of infection and inflammation. Therapeutic implications of the diagnostic plot are to differentiate patients who should be administered with oral iron, with r-HuEPO or a combination of r-HuEPO and iron. The therapy can be monitored using the CHr, the Ret-Y, the sTfR or the diagnostic plot. An increase of CHr > 1 pg, of sTfR > 20% or an upward movement of the patient data point in the diagnostic plot indicates response to iron or r-HuEPO.

Correction of cytochemical changes in patients with occupational allergodermatosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 661-661
Author(s):  
E. K. Krasavina ◽  
I. V. Yatsyna
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ozone Therapy

Professional allergodermatoses are accompanied by cytochemical and immunochemical changes in the body of patients. The use of ozone therapy techniques in this category of patients can accelerate the recovery period and normalize the above indicators.

HYPOCHROMIC MICROCYTIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY: IRON DEPLETION AS A FACTOR

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-978
Author(s):  
Hugh W. Josephs
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Iron Depletion ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Insight Into

In this work the author has attempted to gain insight into the significance of iron depletion by the use of 4 simple calculations, justification for which is found in recent articles. These are: (a) iron with which the infant is born; (b) iron retained from the food; (c) iron being used by the tissues and therefore unavailable for hemoglobin, and (d) iron combined with the total mass of hemoglobin. With these 4 figures it is possible to estimate the iron still potentially available for use (the "reserves" or "stones"). When the difference between a + b and c + d has reached about zero, depletion is considered to exist. The following characteristics of depletion may be emphasized: Depletion is the result of gain in weight and maximum possible usage of iron. It is therefore a normal result of growth and need not be associated with anemia. As soon as depletion has occurred, the organism is thereafter dependent on current absorption of iron. This is ordinarily sufficient, even with a diet of milk alone, to maintain an adequate concentration of hemoglobin after about 8 to 10 months of age. Severe anemia due to depletion alone is practically confined to premature babies whose relative gain in weight is rapid. Severe anemia in other than premature babies is the result of a number of factors by which iron becomes unavailable or is actually diverted from hemoglobin to storage. Response to iron medication is considerably better in infants with depletion than in those in whom some factor is present that interferes with iron utilization, and which is not connected by the mere giving of iron. The dependence on current absorption, whether the result of depletion or non-availability, introduces a certain precariousness which is apparently characteristic of this time of life. The organism gets along from day to day if nothing happens, but may not be able to meet an emergency, whether this appears as a rapid gain in weight, or a necessity to repair damage done by severe infection. If we consider iron deficiency as the cause of anemia, we can think of deficiency as due to a number of factors of which depletion is only one. The development and characteristics of depletion have been considered in this paper; other factors in iron deficiency will be considered in subsequent papers.

Anaesthetic Management of a Super Morbid Obese Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 3039-3042
Author(s):  
Lekshmi Raj Jalaja ◽  
Stuti Lohia ◽  
Priyadarsini Bentur ◽  
Ravi Ramgiri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

‘Obesity’ is defined as a condition with excess body fat to the extent that health and well-being are adversely affected and uses a class system based on the body mass index (BMI), by the world health organization (WHO). Anaesthetic management of morbidly obese is challenging, as there is an increased risk of perioperative respiratory insufficiency and supplemental oxygen must be given throughout recovery period. The incidence of morbid obesity continues to grow and anaesthesiologists are exposed to obese patients presenting for various procedures. The prevalence of obesity is on the upward trend worldwide. Obesity is a multisystem disorder, involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and therefore, undergoing a surgical procedure under anaesthesia may entail a considerable risk. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is required in treating such patients. Quantification of the extent of obesity is done using the body mass index. BMI is defined as the relationship between weight and height (weight [kg] / height2 [m2 ]).

scholarly journals Giant adrenal hemangioma: Unusual cause of huge abdominal mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tarchouli ◽  
Adil Boudhas ◽  
Moulay Brahim Ratbi ◽  
Mohamed Essarghini ◽  
Noureddine Njoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Adrenal hemangioma is an extremely rare benign and non-functioning neoplasm of the adrenal gland. We report a case of a 71-year-old woman admitted for intermittent abdominal pain and abdominal distension associated with vomiting and chronic constipation for 5 years. Physical examination revealed a large abdominal mass. Both computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging suggested hemangioma in the right lobe of the liver. Laboratory examinations and tumour markers were within normal limits, except for hypochromic microcytic anemia. The mass was removed intact by conventional surgery and histopathology revealed a cavernous hemangioma of the adrenal gland with no signs of malignancy. Surgical resection was curative, with no recurrence at the 2-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis in the Belgrade laboratory rat

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Rolovic ◽  
N Basara ◽  
N Stojanovic ◽  
N Suvajdzic ◽  
V Pavlovic-Kentera
Keyword(s):  
Iron Transport ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Full Correction ◽  
Partial Correction ◽  
Cell Disorder

Abstract The Belgrade laboratory (b/b) rat has a hereditary hypochromic microcytic anemia because of defective transmembrane iron transport into erythroblasts. The present study was prompted by our previous work in which we showed that the b/b rat has hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia associated with increased megakaryocyte size. To define the basic mechanism underlying this abnormality in the b/b rat we have studied both megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis in anemic b/b rats, chronically transfused b/b rats, iron-treated b/b rats, and controls. We have found decreased concentrations of megakaryocyte and granulocyte progenitors in the marrow of b/b rats. Full correction of the severe anemia by chronic transfusion resulted in normalization of megakaryocyte progenitors, small acetylcholinesterase positive cells, megakaryocyte size, and platelet counts, along with granulocyte progenitors. In contrast, the partial correction of anemia obtained by iron treatment resulted in improvement, but not normalization, of these parameters. These findings indicate that abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis in the b/b rat can be best interpreted as a consequence of hypoxia because of the severe anemia. Because we have recently shown that the number of erythroid progenitors in b/b rats is also low, we propose that abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis in this animal is a reflection of an acquired stem cell disorder induced by the prolonged hypoxia resulting from the severe anemia.

scholarly journals Proton-Equivalent Ion Transfer in Sipunculus Nudus as a Function of Ambient Oxygen Tension: Relationships with Energy Metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. PÖRTNER ◽  
N. A. ANDERSEN ◽  
N. HEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Translocation Mechanism

Proton-equivalent ion transfer processes between animals and ambient water were determined under normoxic control conditions during anaerobiosis and the subsequent recovery period in the marine worm Sipunculus nudus L. During anaerobiosis and recovery, transepithelial H+-equivalent ion transfer was generally correlated with changes in extracellular pH, with some disparities in ‘spring’ animals. The typical initial alkalosis induced by phosphagen cleavage during early anaerobiosis was reflected by a loss of basic equivalents. The acidosis, which developed later, reflecting production of acidic metabolic intermediates, resulted in a relatively small net extrusion of protons into the water. The coelomic acidosis during recovery was greatly exaggerated by the release of protons during phosphagen repletion and by the considerable elevation of Pco2 after normoxia had been reattained. The acidosis stimulated the net release of H+ to the water at a rate several times higher than that during anaerobiosis. The efficient transfer of protons from the body fluids to the environmental water during recovery facilitated normalization of coelomic pH, long before protons dissociated from the large amounts of organic acids produced as anaerobic intermediates could be removed from the body fluids by metabolism. Although the transfer of net H+ equivalents to the water coincided with coelomic acidosis, the rates of transfer during different periods of the experiment were primarily correlated with overall metabolic rate. Low net proton transfer rates associated with anaerobiosis were not sufficient to maintain acid-base parameters typical for normoxia, whereas re-establishment of aerobic conditions facilitated a greatly increased transepithelial H+ transfer rate. These data suggest that the transfer capacity of the energy-consuming translocation mechanism may primarily be determined by the rate of metabolic turnover and, accordingly, by theamount of available energy.

scholarly journals The Level of Lungs Capacity of Highly Skilled Female Volleyball Players

2017 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Anna Galytska
Keyword(s):  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Air

Actuality of Research. Scientific works proved that the greater the volume of the lungs, the better the physical abilities of athletes. So researching of the functional state of organism, namely the level of lung capacity of volleyball players is very important. The aim of the Researching. Determining of the level of lung capacity, forced air volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow rate in volleyball qualifications. Results. The average rate of lung capacity of volleyball players is – 3,98 l, Forced air volume in 1 second – 3,32 liters, peak expiratory flow rate 5,77 – l/sec. Conclusions. The results of researching indicate that the level of vital capacity in girls is rather higher. So volleyball players (girls) have a high level of fitness of the body, providing adaptation to hight loads and hight endurance.

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