Food Iron Absorption: A Comparison of Vegetable and Animal Foods

Abstract Iron absorption measurements have been made in 131 individuals relating the absorption of nine different foods tagged biosynthetically with radioiron. Relatively low absorption, ranging from 1.7-7.9, was found with wheat, corn, black beans, lettuce and spinach. Higher values of from 15.6-20.3 were observed with soybeans, fish, veal and hemoglobin. When these values were related to the absorption of ferrous ascorbate determined simultaneously in each subject, food iron absorption could be predicted over the spectrum of normal to iron deficient states.

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Relationship between Down-Regulation of Copper-Related Genes and Decreased Ferroportin Protein Level in the Duodenum of Iron-Deficient Piglets

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Aneta Jończy ◽

Rafał Mazgaj ◽

Rafał Radosław Starzyński ◽

Piotr Poznański ◽

Mateusz Szudzik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Absorption ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Copper Transporter ◽

Cellular Iron ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Copper Distribution ◽

Iron Deposits ◽

Neonatal Iron Deficiency

In mammals, 2 × 1012 red blood cells (RBCs) are produced every day in the bone marrow to ensure a constant supply of iron to maintain effective erythropoiesis. Impaired iron absorption in the duodenum and inefficient iron reutilization from senescent RBCs by macrophages contribute to the development of anemia. Ferroportin (Fpn), the only known cellular iron exporter, as well as hephaestin (Heph) and ceruloplasmin, two copper-dependent ferroxidases involved in the above-mentioned processes, are key elements of the interaction between copper and iron metabolisms. Crosslinks between these metals have been known for many years, but metabolic effects of one on the other have not been elucidated to date. Neonatal iron deficiency anemia in piglets provides an interesting model for studying this interplay. In duodenal enterocytes of young anemic piglets, we identified iron deposits and demonstrated increased expression of ferritin with a concomitant decline in both Fpn and Heph expression. We postulated that the underlying mechanism involves changes in copper distribution within enterocytes as a result of decreased expression of the copper transporter—Atp7b. Obtained results strongly suggest that regulation of iron absorption within enterocytes is based on the interaction between proteins of copper and iron metabolisms and outcompetes systemic regulation.

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Iron absorption from supplements is greater with alternate day than with consecutive day dosing in iron-deficient anemic women

Haematologica ◽

10.3324/haematol.2019.220830 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 1232-1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nicole U. Stoffel ◽

Christophe Zeder ◽

Gary M. Brittenham ◽

Diego Moretti ◽

Michael B. Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Iron Absorption ◽

Iron Deficient

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Iron absorption from fortified flat breads

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19880027 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 205-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mohamed El Guindi ◽

Sean R. Lynch ◽

James D. Cook

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteer ◽

Iron Absorption ◽

Ferrous Sulphate ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Flat Bread ◽

Absorption Measurements

1. Radio-iron absorption measurements were performed in healthy volunteer subjects to assess the availability of fortification Fe added to various bread products.2. When ferrous sulphate was used as a fortifier, Fe absorption from a traditional Egyptian flat bread (Baladi) averaged only 16% of that observed with European bread. This difference was attributed to the high extraction flour used to prepare Baladi bread.3. The inhibiting effect of Baladi bread was largely eliminated by adding EDTA to the flour before baking.

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Zinc, cadmium, and iron interactions during intestinal absorption in iron-deficient mice

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y78-057 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 384-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

D. L. Hamilton ◽

J. E. C. Bellamy ◽

J. D. Valberg ◽

L. S. Valberg

Keyword(s):

Zinc Chloride ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Iron Absorption ◽

High Capacity ◽

Test Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Zinc Uptake ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Zinc Cadmium ◽

Iron And Zinc

Zinc absorption from a test dose of (65Zn) zinc chloride was increased in mice with a high capacity to absorb iron induced by a low-iron diet. When radiolabelled zinc chloride in concentrations varying from 0.025 to 0.30 mM was perfused through open-ended duodenal loops of mice fed this diet, the proportion of zinc taken up from the lumen and transferred to the body was greater from lower than from higher doses. The addition of iron to the perfusate inhibited zinc uptake and transfer, and zinc had a similar effect on iron absorption. Cadmium, a potent inhibitor of iron uptake in mice fed a low-iron diet, impaired zinc uptake under these dietary conditions. These results suggest that in dietary-induced iron deficiency there are analogous mucosal binding sites for the uptake of iron and zinc. There also appear to be mutually exclusive binding sites for the absorption of these metals: radiolabeled iron absorption from an intragastric test dose was enhanced in mice with a high capacity to absorb iron produced by bleeding, whereas the absorption of zinc was not increased.

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Iron Absorption in Iron-Deficient Women, Who Received 65 mg Fe with an Indonesian Breakfast, Is Much Better from NaFe(III)EDTA than from Fe(II)SO4, with an Acceptable Increase of Plasma NTBI. A Randomized Clinical Trial

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph11030085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eka Ginanjar ◽

Lilik Indrawati ◽

Iswari Setianingsih ◽

Djumhana Atmakusumah ◽

Alida Harahap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Absorption ◽

Normal Values ◽

Test Dose ◽

Food Fortification ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blood Tests ◽

Oral Test ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Fe Complexes

Plasma non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) is potentially harmful due to the generation of free radicals that cause tissue damage in vascular and other diseases. Studies in iron-replete and iron-deficient subjects, receiving a single oral test dose of Fe(II)SO4 or NaFe(III)EDTA with water, revealed that FeSO4 was well absorbed when compared with NaFeEDTA, while only the Fe(II) compound showed a remarkable increase of NTBI. As NaFeEDTA is successfully used for food fortification, a double-blind randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 11 healthy women with uncomplicated iron deficiency. All subjects received a placebo, 6.5 mg FeSO4, 65 mg FeSO4, 6.5 mg NaFeEDTA, and 65 mg NaFeEDTA with a traditional Indonesian breakfast in one-week intervals. Blood tests were carried out every 60 min for five hours. NTBI detection was performed using the fluorescein-labeled apotransferrin method. Plasma iron values were highly increased after 65 mg NaFeEDTA, twice as high as after FeSO4. A similar pattern was seen for NTBI. After 6.5 mg of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4, NTBI was hardly detectable. NaFeEDTA was highly effective for the treatment of iron deficiency if given with a meal, inhibiting the formation of nonabsorbable Fe-complexes, while NTBI did not exceed the range of normal values for iron-replete subjects.

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The Measurement of Iron Absorption

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v33.3.421.421 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 421-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

J. D. COOK ◽

M. LAYRISSE ◽

C. A. FINCH

Keyword(s):

Iron Absorption ◽

Skewed Data ◽

Dose Administration ◽

Multiple Dose Administration ◽

Statistical Validity ◽

Iron Requirement ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

The Mean ◽

Selection Of ◽

Absorption Measurements

Abstract Sources of variation in iron absorption measurements and methods of controlling them have been reviewed. There are marked differences in the mean level of absorption in different individuals and appreciable day-to-day variation in absorption in the same individual. Intersubject variations can be reduced by the selection of individuals with a more uniform iron requirement, but large variations remain which can be dealt with only by applying appropriate statistical methods to the skewed data obtained and by studying sufficient subjects to provide statistical validity to the results. Comparative studies of the availability of food iron are best carried out against a reference standard in the same subject, and intrasubject variations can be reduced by multiple dose administration.

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Relationship between intestinal iron-transporter expression, hepatic hepcidin levels and the control of iron absorption

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0300724 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 724-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

G.J. Anderson ◽

D. M. Frazer ◽

S.J. Wilkins ◽

E. M. Becker ◽

K. N. Millard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Transport ◽

Iron Absorption ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Divalent Metal Transporter 1 ◽

Intestinal Iron Absorption ◽

Divalent Metal Transporter ◽

Hepcidin Expression ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Transport Molecules

Hepcidin is an anti-microbial peptide predicted to be involved in the regulation of intestinal iron absorption. We have examined the relationship between the expression of hepcidin in the liver and the expression of the iron-transport molecules divalent-metal transporter 1, duodenal cytochrome b, hephaestin and Ireg1 in the duodenum of rats switched from an iron-replete to an iron-deficient diet or treated to induce an acute phase response. In each case, elevated hepcidin expression correlated with reduced iron absorption and depressed levels of iron-transport molecules. These data are consistent with hepcidin playing a role as a negative regulator of intestinal iron absorption.

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