Household chemicals, persistent wheezing and lung function: effect modification by atopy?

Background: Air pollutants induce the increase of inflammatory components in the lungs and the decrease in pulmonary function. Genetic polymorphisms may modify the inflammatory and immunological response to the inhalation of those pollutants. Objective: To investigate effect modification by GST and TNF-α polymorphisms in the association between particulate matter (PM10) and lung function. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 112 asthmatic children aged 6 to 14 years old. GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and TNF-α polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Spirometry tests were conducted. We tested associations using generalized linear models, adjusting for confounding variables. The effect modification of the genetic polymorphisms was assessed, including the genotypes and pollutants. Results: In carriers of the TNF-α-308 GA or AA genotypes, we found a reduction of 11.5% (95% CI: -19.08, -3.30) in FEV1 in the current exposure to PM10 and a reduction of 10.46% (95% CI: -14.91, -5.77) for the 5-day cumulative exposure. The TNF-α-1031 TT genotype was associated with a decline in FEV1 and FEF25-75% for the cumulative exposure to PM10. The GSTP1 wild-type genotype was associated with a decrease in FEF25-75% of 23.45% (95% CI; -30.6, -15.56) and in FEV1 of 13% (95% CI; -15.21, -10.74). We found that among GSTT1 null children, the cumulative exposure to PM10 was also associated with a reduction in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75%. Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism in GST and TNF-α may modify the association between particulate matter and pulmonary function in asthmatic children and adolescents.

Download Full-text

Lung Function in Relation to 2-Thiothiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid and Genetic Effect Modification Among Rubber Workers in Sweden

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1097/jom.0b013e3181715126 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 1006-1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lena S. Jönsson ◽

Margareta Littorin ◽

Anna Axmon ◽

Bo A. G. Jönsson ◽

Karin Broberg

Keyword(s):

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Lung Function ◽

Genetic Effect ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Rubber Workers

Download Full-text

Exposure to traffic-related particle matter and effects on lung function and potential interactions in a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study in west Sweden

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e034136

Author(s):

Hanne Krage Carlsen ◽

Fredrik Nyberg ◽

Kjell Torén ◽

David Segersson ◽

Anna-Carin Olin

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Lung Function ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Carrier Status ◽

Allele Carrier ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Marine Traffic ◽

Particle Matter

ObjectivesTo investigate the long-term effects of source-specific particle matter (PM) on lung function, effects of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes GSTP1 and GSTT1 gene variants and effect modification by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype.DesignCohort study with address-based annual PM exposure assigned from annual estimates of size (PM10, PM2.5 and PMBC) and source-specific (traffic, industry, marine traffic and wood burning) dispersion modelling.SettingGothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsThe ADult-Onset asthma and NItric oXide Study had 6685 participants recruited from the general population, of which 5216 (78%) were included in the current study with information on all variables of interest. Mean age at the time of enrolment was 51.4 years (range 24–76) and 2427 (46.5%) were men.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Secondary outcome measures were effects and gene–environment interactions of SP-A and GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes.ResultsExposure to traffic-related PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with decreases in percent-predicted (% predicted) FEV1 by −0.48% (95% CI −0.89% to −0.07%) and −0.47% (95% CI −0.88% to −0.07%) per IQR 3.05 and 2.47 µg/m3, respectively, and with decreases in % predicted FVC by −0.46% (95% CI −0.83% to −0.08%) and −0.47% (95% CI −0.83% to −0.10%). Total and traffic-related PMBC was strongly associated with both FEV1 and FVC by −0.53 (95% CI −0.94 to −0.13%) and −0.43% (95% CI −0.77 to −0.09%) per IQR, respectively, for FVC, and similarly for FEV1. Minor allele carrier status for two GSTP1 SNPs and the GSTT1 null genotype were associated with decreases in % predicted lung function. Three SP-A SNPs showed effect modification with exposure to PM2.5 from industry and marine traffic.ConclusionsPM exposure, specifically traffic related, was associated with FVC and FEV1 reductions and not modified by genotype. Genetic effect modification was suggested for industry and marine traffic PM2.5.

Download Full-text

No effect of artificial gravity on lung function with exercise training during head-down bed rest

International Journal of Astrobiology ◽

10.1017/s1473550415000294 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Longxiang Su ◽

Yinghua Guo ◽

Yajuan Wang ◽

Delong Wang ◽

Changting Liu

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Pulmonary Ventilation ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Observation Time ◽

Artificial Gravity ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Expiratory Flow

AbstractTo explore the effectiveness of microgravity simulated by head-down bed rest (HDBR) and artificial gravity (AG) with exercise on lung function. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly divided into control and exercise countermeasure (CM) groups for 96 h of 6° HDBR. Comparisons of pulse rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and lung function were made between these two groups at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h. Compared with the sitting position, inspiratory capacity and respiratory reserve volume were significantly higher than before HDBR (0° position) (P< 0.05). Vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced inspiratory vital capacity, forced inspiratory volume in 1 s, forced expiratory flow at 25, 50 and 75%, maximal mid-expiratory flow and peak expiratory flow were all significantly lower than those before HDBR (P< 0.05). Neither control nor CM groups showed significant differences in the pulse rate, SpO2, pulmonary volume and pulmonary ventilation function over the HDBR observation time. Postural changes can lead to variation in lung volume and ventilation function, but a HDBR model induced no changes in pulmonary function and therefore should not be used to study AG CMs.

Download Full-text