scholarly journals Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haileyesus Getahun ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
Ibrahim Abubakar ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Aziz ◽  
Annabel Baddeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Systematic Testing

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.

scholarly journals Determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among BCG-Immunised Ugandan Children by T-SPOT.TB and Tuberculin Skin Testing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e47340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyaviira Nkurunungi ◽  
Jimreeves E. Lutangira ◽  
Swaib A. Lule ◽  
Hellen Akurut ◽  
Robert Kizindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

scholarly journals Systematic review of latent tuberculosis infection research to inform programmatic management in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O’Connell ◽  
Eoghan de Barra ◽  
Samuel McConkey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Ltbi Screening

AbstractThe World Health Organisation (WHO) End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy and the WHO Framework Towards Tuberculosis Elimination in Low Incidence Countries state that latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment in selected high-risk groups is a priority action to eliminate TB. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) advises that this should be done through high-quality programmatic management, which they describe as having six key components. The research aim was to systematically review the literature to identify what is known about the epidemiology of LTBI and the uptake and completion of LTBI screening and treatment in Ireland to inform the programmatic management of LTBI nationally. A systematic literature review was performed according to a review protocol and reported in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Twenty-eight studies were eligible for inclusion and described LTBI screening or treatment performed in one of five contexts, pre-biologic or other immunosuppression screening, people living with HIV, TB case contacts, other vulnerable populations, or healthcare workers. The risk of bias across studies with regard to prevalence of LTBI was generally high. One study reported a complete cascade of LTBI care from screening initiation to treatment completion. This systematic review has described what published research there is on the epidemiology and cascade of LTBI care in Ireland and identified knowledge gaps. A strategy for addressing these knowledge gaps has been proposed.

scholarly journals Enzyme-linked Immunospot and Tuberculin Skin Testing to Detect Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 172 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Shams ◽  
Stephen E. Weis ◽  
Peter Klucar ◽  
Ajit Lalvani ◽  
Patrick K. Moonan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing

scholarly journals Changes in Transcript, Metabolite, and Antibody Reactivity During the Early Protective Immune Response in Humans to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
January Weiner ◽  
Teresa Domaszewska ◽  
Simon Donkor ◽  
Stefan H E Kaufmann ◽  
Philip C Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Vitamin B5 ◽  
Negative Reading

Abstract Background Strategies to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are urgently required. In this study, we aimed to identify correlates of protection against Mtb infection. Methods Two groups of Mtb-exposed contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients were recruited and classified according to their Mtb infection status using the tuberculin skin test (TST; cohort 1) or QuantiFERON (QFT; cohort 2). A negative reading at baseline with a positive reading at follow-up classified TST or QFT converters and a negative reading at both time points classified TST or QFT nonconverters. Ribonucleic acid sequencing, Mtb proteome arrays, and metabolic profiling were performed. Results Several genes were found to be differentially expressed at baseline between converters and nonconverters. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a distinct B-cell gene signature in TST nonconverters compared to converters. When infection status was defined by QFT, enrichment of type I interferon was observed. A remarkable area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 was observed for IgA reactivity to Rv0134 and an AUC of 0.98 for IgA reactivity to both Rv0629c and Rv2188c. IgG reactivity to Rv3223c resulted in an AUC of 0.96 and was markedly higher compared to TST nonconverters. We also identified several differences in metabolite profiles, including changes in biomarkers of inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acids. Pantothenate (vitamin B5) was significantly increased in TST nonconverters compared to converters at baseline (q = 0.0060). Conclusions These data provide new insights into the early protective response to Mtb infection and possible avenues to interfere with Mtb infection, including vitamin B5 supplementation. Analysis of blood from highly exposed household contacts from The Gambia who never develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection shows distinct transcriptomic, antibody, and metabolomic profiles compared to those who develop latent tuberculosis infection but prior to any signs of infection.

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