Exaptation of an ancient Alu short interspersed element provides a highly conserved vitamin D-mediated innate immune response in humans and primates

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang menjadi masalah di dunia. Risiko untuk mendapatkan infeksi TB dipengaruhi oleh imunitas alamiah melawan mikobakteria. Peptida antimikroba merupakan salah satu barrier pertahanan alamiah. Cathelicidin adalah suatu peptida anti mikroba yang berperan pada proses imunitas terhadap TB. Cathelicidin Leusin Leusin-37 (LL-37) merupakan satu-satunya cathelicidin yang ada pada manusia dan dapat diekspresikan dari beberapa sel temasuk sel imun. Inducer Cathelicidin yang paling poten adalah 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 yang merupakan bentuk aktif vitamin D 25(OH)D3. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas tentang cathelicidin, vitamin D3 dam peranannya pada imunitas terhadap TB.Kata kunci: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)2D3, imunitas, TuberkulosisAbstract. Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The susceptibility to this disease depends to great extent on the innate immune response against mycobacteria. Antimicrobial peptides are one of the natural defense barriers. Cathelicidin Leucine Leucine-37 (LL-37) is the only cathelicidin present in humans and synthesized by several cells including immune cells. The most effective inducer of Cathelicidin is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3), which is an active form of vitamin D 25(OH)D3. This review discusses cathelicidin, vitamin D3 and its role in immunity against TBKeywords: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)D3, immunity, Tuberkulosis

Download Full-text

Vitamin D-Mediated Induction of Innate Immunity in Gingival Epithelial Cells

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00099-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 2250-2256 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Laura McMahon ◽

Kyell Schwartz ◽

Ozlem Yilmaz ◽

Eleith Brown ◽

Lisa K. Ryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Defense ◽

Gingival Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACTHuman gingival epithelial cells (GEC) produce peptides, such as β-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37, that are both antimicrobial and that modulate the innate immune response. In myeloid and airway epithelial cells, the active form of vitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] increases the expression and antibacterial activity of LL-37. To examine the activity of vitamin D on the innate immune defense of the gingival epithelium, cultured epithelial cells were treated with either 10−8M 1,25(OH)2D3or ethanol for up to 24 h. A time-dependent induction of LL-37 mRNA up to 13-fold at 24 h in both standard monolayer and three-dimensional cultures was observed. Induction of the vitamin D receptor and the 1-α-hydroxylase genes was also observed. The hydroxylase was functional, as LL-37 induction was observed in response to stimulation by 25(OH)D3. Through microarray analysis of other innate immune genes, CD14 expression increased 4-fold, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was upregulated 16-fold after 24 h of treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. TREM-1 is a pivotal amplifier of the innate immune response in macrophages, leading to increased production by inflammatory response genes. Activation of TREM-1 on the GEC led to an increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA levels. Incubation of three-dimensional cultures with 1,25(OH)2D3led to an increase in antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogenAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitanswhen the bacteria were added to the apical surface. This study is the first to demonstrate the effect of vitamin D on antibacterial defense of oral epithelial cells, suggesting that vitamin D3could be utilized to enhance the innate immune defense in the oral cavity.

Download Full-text

Seasonal vitamin D variability and its effects on the innate immune response during human endotoxemia

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/cc9791 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

MJ Van den Berg ◽

M Kox ◽

AJ Van der Ven ◽

JP Wielders ◽

P Pickkers

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Human Endotoxemia

Download Full-text

25-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment normalize the vitamin D status and the innate immune response mediated by cathelicidin in critically ill patients

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.310 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. S146-S147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Vargas-Vasserot ◽

J.M. Mata-Granados ◽

M. Luque de Castro ◽

R. Guerrero Pavón ◽

J. Quesada Gomez

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Vitamin D Status

Download Full-text

Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor are critical for control of the innate immune response to colonic injury

BMC Immunology ◽

10.1186/1471-2172-8-5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 184

Author(s):

Monica Froicu ◽

Margherita T Cantorna

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Colonic Injury

Download Full-text

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Deborah Hodgson ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Luba Sominsky ◽

Mehmet Mahmut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Before And After ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

Download Full-text