A highly conserved NB-LRR encoding gene cluster effective against Setosphaeria turcica in sorghum

ABSTRACTFusarium fujikuroiproduces a variety of secondary metabolites, of which polyketides form the most diverse group. Among these are the highly pigmented naphthoquinones, which have been shown to possess different functional properties for the fungus. A group of naphthoquinones, polyketides related to fusarubin, were identified inFusariumspp. more than 60 years ago, but neither the genes responsible for their formation nor their biological function has been discovered to date. In addition, although it is known that the sexual fruiting bodies in which the progeny of the fungus develops are darkly colored by a polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived pigment, the structure of this pigment has never been elucidated. Here we present data that link the fusarubin-type polyketides to a defined gene cluster, which we designatefsr, and demonstrate that the fusarubins are the pigments responsible for the coloration of the perithecia. We studied their regulation and the function of the single genes within the cluster by a combination of gene replacements and overexpression of the PKS-encoding gene, and we present a model for the biosynthetic pathway of the fusarubins based on these data.

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Overexpression ofnreB, a New GATA Factor-encoding Gene ofPenicillium chrysogenum, Leads to Repression of the Nitrate Assimilatory Gene Cluster

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.272.36.22576 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (36) ◽

pp. 22576-22582 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Hubertus Haas ◽

Klaus Angermayr ◽

Ivo Zadra ◽

Georg Stöffler

Keyword(s):

Gene Cluster ◽

Gata Factor ◽

Encoding Gene

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Characterisation of the laccase-encoding gene abr2 of the dihydroxynaphthalene-like melanin gene cluster of Aspergillus fumigatus

Archives of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00203-006-0144-2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 186 (5) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Venelina Sugareva ◽

Albert Härtl ◽

Matthias Brock ◽

Katrin Hübner ◽

Manfred Rohde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Encoding Gene

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Deletion of a Seminal Gene Cluster Reinforces a Crucial Role of SVS2 in Male Fertility

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4557 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miyuki Shindo ◽

Masafumi Inui ◽

Woojin Kang ◽

Moe Tamano ◽

Cai Tingwei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seminal Vesicle ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Loxp Site ◽

Male Mice ◽

Internal Fertilization ◽

Immune Attack ◽

Sperm Membrane ◽

Encoding Gene ◽

And Function ◽

Vesicle Proteins

Multiple genes, whose functions or expression are overlapping, compensate for the loss of one gene. A gene cluster in the mouse genome encodes five seminal vesicle proteins (SVS2, SVS3, SVS4, SVS5, and SVS6). These proteins are produced by male rodents and function in formation of the copulatory plug following mating. SVS2 plays an essential role in the successful internal fertilization by protecting the sperm membrane against a uterine immune attack. We hypothesized that the four remaining seminal vesicle proteins (SVPs) of this gene cluster may partially/completely compensate for the deficiency of SVS2. For confirming our hypothesis, we generated mice lacking the entire SVP-encoding gene cluster and compared their fecundity with Svs2-deficient (Svs2−/−) mice; that is, mice deficient in Svs2 alone. A single loxP site remained after the deletion of the Svs2 gene. Therefore, we inserted another loxP site by combining the CRISPR/Cas9 system with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODN). Male mice lacking the entire SVP-encoding gene cluster (Svs2–6−/− mice) and thereby all five SVP proteins, generated by the deletion of 100kbp genomic DNA, showed low fecundity. However, the fecundity level was comparable with that from Svs2−/− male mice. Our results demonstrate that SVS3, SVS4, SVS5, and SVS6 do not function in the protection of sperm against a uterine immune attack in the absence of SVS2. Thus, Svs2 is the critical gene in the SVP gene cluster.

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Aspergillus fumigatus SidJ Mediates Intracellular Siderophore Hydrolysis

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01285-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (23) ◽

pp. 7534-7536 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mario Gründlinger ◽

Fabio Gsaller ◽

Markus Schrettl ◽

Herbert Lindner ◽

Hubertus Haas

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽

Protein Family ◽

Biosynthetic Gene ◽

Intracellular Accumulation ◽

Iron Starvation ◽

Content Type ◽

Hydrolysis Products ◽

Encoding Gene

ABSTRACTSiderophore-mediated iron handling is crucial for the virulence ofAspergillus fumigatus. Here we identified a new component of its siderophore metabolism, termed SidJ, which is encoded by AFUA_3G03390. The encoding gene is localized in a siderophore biosynthetic gene cluster that is conserved in a variety of fungi. During iron starvation, SidJ deficiency resulted in decreased growth and increased intracellular accumulation of hydrolysis products of the siderophore fusarinine C. The implied role in siderophore hydrolysis is consistent with a putative esterase domain in SidJ, which now represents the first functionally characterized member of the DUF1749 (domain ofunknownfunction) protein family, with members found exclusively in fungi and plants.

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Glycosulfatase-Encoding Gene Cluster in Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02022-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (22) ◽

pp. 6611-6623 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Muireann Egan ◽

Hao Jiang ◽

Mary O'Connell Motherway ◽

Stefan Oscarson ◽

Douwe van Sinderen

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Content Type ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Bifidobacterium Breve ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Encoding Gene

ABSTRACTBifidobacteria constitute a specific group of commensal bacteria typically found in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and other mammals.Bifidobacterium brevestrains are numerically prevalent among the gut microbiota of many healthy breastfed infants. In the present study, we investigated glycosulfatase activity in a bacterial isolate from a nursling stool sample,B. breveUCC2003. Two putative sulfatases were identified on the genome ofB. breveUCC2003. The sulfated monosaccharideN-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate (GlcNAc-6-S) was shown to support the growth ofB. breveUCC2003, whileN-acetylglucosamine-3-sulfate,N-acetylgalactosamine-3-sulfate, andN-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate did not support appreciable growth. By using a combination of transcriptomic and functional genomic approaches, a gene cluster designatedats2was shown to be specifically required for GlcNAc-6-S metabolism. Transcription of theats2cluster is regulated by a repressor open reading frame kinase (ROK) family transcriptional repressor. This study represents the first description of glycosulfatase activity within theBifidobacteriumgenus.IMPORTANCEBifidobacteria are saccharolytic organisms naturally found in the digestive tract of mammals and insects.Bifidobacterium brevestrains utilize a variety of plant- and host-derived carbohydrates that allow them to be present as prominent members of the infant gut microbiota as well as being present in the gastrointestinal tract of adults. In this study, we introduce a previously unexplored area of carbohydrate metabolism in bifidobacteria, namely, the metabolism of sulfated carbohydrates.B. breveUCC2003 was shown to metabolizeN-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate (GlcNAc-6-S) through one of two sulfatase-encoding gene clusters identified on its genome. GlcNAc-6-S can be found in terminal or branched positions of mucin oligosaccharides, the glycoprotein component of the mucous layer that covers the digestive tract. The results of this study provide further evidence of the ability of this species to utilize mucin-derived sugars, a trait which may provide a competitive advantage in both the infant gut and adult gut.

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Targeted induction of a silent fungal gene cluster encoding the bacteria-specific germination inhibitor fumigermin

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.52541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Stroe ◽

Tina Netzker ◽

Kirstin Scherlach ◽

Thomas Krüger ◽

Christian Hertweck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Cluster ◽

Polyketide Synthase ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Ecological Function ◽

The Novel ◽

Ecological Context ◽

Fungal Metabolite ◽

Silent Gene ◽

Encoding Gene

Microorganisms produce numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) with various biological activities. Many of their encoding gene clusters are silent under standard laboratory conditions because for their activation they need the ecological context, such as the presence of other microorganisms. The true ecological function of most SMs remains obscure, but understanding of both the activation of silent gene clusters and the ecological function of the produced compounds is of importance to reveal functional interactions in microbiomes. Here, we report the identification of an as-yet uncharacterized silent gene cluster of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, which is activated by the bacterium Streptomyces rapamycinicus during the bacterial-fungal interaction. The resulting natural product is the novel fungal metabolite fumigermin, the biosynthesis of which requires the polyketide synthase FgnA. Fumigermin inhibits germination of spores of the inducing S. rapamycinicus, and thus helps the fungus to defend resources in the shared habitat against a bacterial competitor.

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DNA inversion within the apolipoproteins AI/CIII/AIV-encoding gene cluster of certain patients with premature atherosclerosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.84.20.7198 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 84 (20) ◽

pp. 7198-7202 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

S. K. Karathanasis ◽

E. Ferris ◽

I. A. Haddad

Keyword(s):

Gene Cluster ◽

Premature Atherosclerosis ◽

Dna Inversion ◽

Encoding Gene

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The gene cluster of aureocyclicin 4185: the first cyclic bacteriocin of Staphylococcus aureus

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.075689-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 160 (5) ◽

pp. 917-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Amina Potter ◽

Hilana Ceotto ◽

Marcus Lívio Varella Coelho ◽

Allan J. Guimarães ◽

Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Homology Modelling ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Bacteriocin Production ◽

Encoding Gene ◽

Membrane Spanning ◽

Carnocyclin A ◽

Membrane Spanning Domains ◽

Bacteriocin Gene

Staphylococcus aureus 4185 was previously shown to produce at least two bacteriocins. One of them is encoded by pRJ101. To detect the bacteriocin-encoding gene cluster, an ~9160 kb region of pRJ101 was sequenced. In silico analyses identified 10 genes (aclX, aclB, aclI, aclT, aclC, aclD, aclA, aclF, aclG and aclH) that might be involved in the production of a novel cyclic bacteriocin named aureocyclicin 4185. The organization of these genes was quite similar to that of the gene cluster responsible for carnocyclin A production and immunity. Four putative proteins encoded by these genes (AclT, AclC, AclD and AclA) also exhibited similarity to proteins encoded by cyclic bacteriocin gene clusters. Mutants derived from insertion of Tn917-lac into aclC, aclF, aclH and aclX were affected in bacteriocin production and growth. AclX is a 205 aa putative protein not encoded by the gene clusters of other cyclic bacteriocins. AclX exhibits 50 % similarity to a permease and has five putative membrane-spanning domains. Transcription analyses suggested that aclX is part of the aureocyclicin 4185 gene cluster, encoding a protein required for bacteriocin production. The aclA gene is the structural gene of aureocyclicin 4185, which shows 65 % similarity to garvicin ML. AclA is proposed to be cleaved off, generating a mature peptide with a predicted M r of 5607 Da (60 aa). By homology modelling, AclA presents four α-helices, like carnocyclin A. AclA could not be found at detectable levels in the culture supernatant of a strain carrying only pRJ101. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cyclic bacteriocin gene cluster in the genus Staphylococcus.

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Genome mining of cryptic tetronate natural products from a PKS-NRPS encoding gene cluster in Trichoderma harzianum t-22

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0ob02545c ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 1985-1990

Author(s):

Yiguang Zhu ◽

Junfeng Wang ◽

Pengyun Mou ◽

Yan Yan ◽

Mengbin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Double Bond ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Bond Formation ◽

Genome Mining ◽

Exocyclic Double Bond ◽

Encoding Gene

The gene cluster of trihazones was identified from Trichoderma harzianum t-22 and heterologously activated in Aspergillus nidualns. The α-KG dependent dioxygenase ThnC was confirmed to catalyze exocyclic double bond formation.

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