Antenatal screening for Group B Streptococcus: A diagnostic cohort study

Abstract Background Although infection and inflammation within the genital tract during pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), there are few studies on association between vaginal microorganisms in the early stage of pregnancy and PTB. The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between vaginal Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization, a leading cause of infection during pregnancy, in the early stage of pregnancy and PTB. Methods This single-center, retrospective cohort study utilized data from 2009 to 2017 obtained at TOYOTA Memorial Hospital. Women with singleton pregnancies who underwent vaginal culture around 14 weeks of gestation during their routine prenatal check-up were included. Vaginal sampling for Gram staining and culture was performed regardless of symptoms. GBS colonization was defined as positive for GBS latex agglutination assay. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with PTB. Results Overall 1079 singleton pregnancies were included. GBS (5.7%) and Candida albicans (5.5%) were the most frequently observed microorganisms. The incidence of PTB (before 34 and before 37 weeks of gestation) were significantly higher in the GBS-positive group than in the GBS-negative group (6.6% vs 0.5%, p = 0.001 and 9.8% vs 4.3%, p = 0.047). Our multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that GBS colonization was a factor associated with PTB before 34 and before 37 weeks of gestation (Odds ratio [OR] 15.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.73–61.74), and OR 2.42; 95%CI 1.01–5.91, respectively). Conclusions The present study found that vaginal GBS colonization in the early stage of pregnancy was associated with PTB. Our study indicates that patients at a high risk for PTB can be extracted by a simple method using conventional culture method.

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Evaluation of New Granada Medium (modified) for the antenatal screening of group B streptococcus

Pathology ◽

10.1080/00313029400169242 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 487-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. Nigel Kelly ◽

Suzanne M. Garland

Keyword(s):

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Antenatal Screening ◽

New Granada ◽

Group B

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Hypopituitarism as consequence of late neonatal infection by Group B streptococcus: a case report

Pan African Medical Journal ◽

10.11604/pamj.2015.20.308.6538 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amanda Santana Ferreira ◽

Anna Lourdes Lima ◽

Guilherme Guaragna-Filho

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Group B ◽

Streptococcus A

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The economic costs of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease: prospective cohort study of infants with GBS disease in England

The European Journal of Health Economics ◽

10.1007/s10198-008-0131-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 275-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Elizabeth-Ann Schroeder ◽

◽

Stavros Petrou ◽

Gail Balfour ◽

Oya Edamma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Group B

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Colonization and Disease among Pregnant Women: A Historical Cohort Study

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2019/5430493 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James M. Edwards ◽

Nora Watson ◽

Chris Focht ◽

Clara Wynn ◽

Christopher A. Todd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Short Cervix ◽

Historical Cohort ◽

Historical Cohort Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Group B

Background. Maternal GBS colonization is associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis and extensive efforts are directed to preventing this complication. Less is known about maternal risks of GBS colonization. We seek to provide a modern estimate of the incidence and impact of maternal GBS colonization and invasive GBS disease. Methods. A single center historical cohort study of all births between 2003 and 2015 was performed. Data was collected via electronic health record abstraction using an institutional specific tool. Descriptive statistics were performed regarding GBS status. Inferential statistics were performed comparing risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in cohorts with and without GBS colonization as well as cohorts with GBS colonization and invasive GBS disease. Results. A total of 60,029 deliveries were included for analysis. Overall, 21.6% of the population was GBS colonized and 0.1% had invasive GBS disease. GBS colonization was associated with younger maternal age, Black race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, chronic hypertension, preexisting diabetes, and tobacco use (p<0.01). In the adjusted analyses, there was an increased risk of gestational diabetes (aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.32) in colonized pregnancies and a decreased incidence of short cervix (aRR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52-0.79), chorioamnionitis (aRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.87), wound infection (aRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.88), and operative delivery (aRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.83-0.88). Conclusions. This modern-day large cohort of all births over a 12-year period demonstrates a GBS colonization rate of 21.6%. This data reflects a need to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes in addition to neonatal GBS sepsis rates to inform decisions regarding the utility of maternal vaccination.

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