scholarly journals Uncovering high rates of unsafe injection equipment reuse in rural Cameroon: validation of a survey instrument that probes for specific misconceptions

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbah P Okwen ◽  
Bedes Y Ngem ◽  
Fozao A Alomba ◽  
Mireille V Capo ◽  
Savanna R Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Equipment Reuse ◽  
Rural Cameroon ◽  
Unsafe Injection

scholarly journals Medical injection and access to sterile injection equipment in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (2010–2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O Adewuyi ◽  
Asa Auta
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unsafe Injection ◽  
Injection Practices ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of medical injections as well as assess the level of access to sterile injection equipment by demographic factors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We carried out a meta-analysis of nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted between 2010 and 2017 in 39 LMICs. Random effects meta-analysis was used in estimating pooled and disaggregated prevalence. All analyses were conducted using Stata version 14 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results The pooled 12-month prevalence estimate of medical injection was 32.4% (95% confidence interval 29.3–35.6). Pakistan, Rwanda and Myanmar had the highest prevalence of medical injection: 59.1%, 56.4% and 53.0%, respectively. Regionally, the prevalence of medical injection ranged from 13.5% in west Asia to 42.7% in south and southeast Asia. The pooled prevalence of access to sterile injection equipment was 96.5%, with Pakistan, Comoros and Afghanistan having comparatively less prevalence: 86.0%, 90.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Conclusions Overuse of medical injection and potentially unsafe injection practices remain a considerable challenge in LMICs. To stem the tides of these challenges, national governments of LMICs need to initiate appropriate interventions, including education of stakeholders, and equity in access to quality healthcare services.

scholarly journals Recycling of Injection Equipment in Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Abdul Mujeeb ◽  
Malik Mohummad Adil ◽  
Arshad Altaf ◽  
Yvan Hutin ◽  
Stephen Luby
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Local Media ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Unsafe Injection ◽  
Injection Safety ◽  
Injection Practices

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is high in the general population in Pakistan, ranging from 2% to 6%. Reuse of injection equipment in the absence of sterilization is common, particularly in healthcare facilities that serve low-income populations. Studies have identified unsafe injection practices as a major route of transmission of HCV in Pakistan. Changing the behavior of injection providers so that they would use new freshly opened disposable syringes would improve injection safety in Pakistan. However, frequent reports of recycling of injection equipment in the local media question the safety of apparently new syringes. Clinical laboratories are one of the major sources of production of used syringes. To evaluate the resale of used syringes, we followed the course of used syringes from their initial use to their final destination.

The sharing of drug injection equipment and the AIDS epidemic in New York City: The first decade.

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. des Jarlais ◽  
Samuel R. Friedman ◽  
Jo L. Sotheran ◽  
Rand Stoneburner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Aids Epidemic

The Role of Family Members in Safer/Unsafe Injection Drug Use Practices

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jackson ◽  
M. Dykeman ◽  
J. Gahagan ◽  
J. Karabanow ◽  
J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Unsafe Injection

HOW STUDENTS DEFINE THEIR SUCCESS: A RESEARCH STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Ullrich ◽  
David S. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diverse Groups

How undergraduate engineering students define their success and plan for their future differs notably amongst students. With a push for greater diversity and inclusion in engineering schools, it is valuable to also better understand the differences in these areas among different students to allow institutions to better serve the needs of these diverse groups.  The purpose of this research study is to explore students’ definition of success both in the present and projecting forward 5 to 10 years, as well as to understand to what level students reflect on, and plan for, the future. The proposed survey instrument for the pilot stage of this research includes 56 closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Evidence for the validity of the research instrument is established through a mixed-method pilot study. This paper will discuss the survey instrument, the pilot study, and outline plans for the full study.

Preliminary Study of the Impact of Critical Success Factors on Project Success in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Sehail Younis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

This preliminary study attempts to link among the critical success factors on overall project success in public sector organizations in Pakistan.  In this study it’s reflected that major critical success factors (soundness of Business & workforce, planning & control, quality performance and past performance) can enhance the success of the project in Pakistan.  The purpose of this preliminary study was to verify the reliability of the survey instrument which has been used in European countries. It was found that the planning & control was the highest Cronbach Alpha value, while the ranged for each constructs in the present study from 0.68 to 0.88.  Therefore, based on the Cronbach alpha value score, the proposed survey instrument has fulfilled the basic requirement of a valid instrument.

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