Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients

Objectives: The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count <100 cells/mm3 and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. Methods: This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count <100 cells/mm3, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). Results: Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (p value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (p < 0.02). Conclusions: We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count <100 mm3/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

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HIV-1 viral load, phenotype, and resistance in a subset of drug-naive participants from the Delta trial

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(97)03380-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 350 (9083) ◽

pp. 983-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Francoise Brun-Vezinet ◽

Charles Boucher ◽

Clive Loveday ◽

Diane Descamps ◽

Veronique Fauveau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Hiv 1

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EBV AND HHV-6 CIRCULATING SUBTYPES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN BURKINA FASO, IMPACT ON CD4 T CELL COUNT AND HIV VIRAL LOAD

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2017.049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2017049 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lassina TRAORE ◽

Ouéogo NIKIEMA ◽

Abdoul Karim OUATTARA ◽

Tegwindé Rébéca COMPAORE ◽

Serge Théophile SOUBEIGA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Study Population ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

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Prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in newly diagnosed drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in a treatment site in the Waterberg District, Limpopo province

South African Medical Journal ◽

10.7196/samj.4391 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julius Nwobegahay ◽

Pascal Bessong ◽

Tracy Masebe ◽

Lufuno Mavhandu ◽

Cecile Manhaeve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Limpopo Province ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Treatment Site ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Hiv 1

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Screening for antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Lebanon

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.3593 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. 339-348

Author(s):

Jacques M Mokhbat ◽

Nada M. Melhem ◽

Ziad El-Khatib ◽

Pierre Zalloua

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Viral Load ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful at decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among ART-naive patients has been documented to compromise the success of initial therapy. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-infected individuals in Lebanon. Methodology: Plasma samples from 37 newly diagnosed participants at various stages of HIV-1 infection were used to determine HIV-1 RNA viral load, isolate viral RNA, and amplify DNA by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were used to perform genotypic resistance tests. Results: The prevalence of resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRT), and protease inhibitors (PI) were 5.4%, 10.8%, and 8%, respectively. The major mutations detected in the study participants conferred resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs recommended for HIV-1 treatment. No significant relationship between HIV-1 viral load of participants and the mode of HIV-1 transmission or between the occurrence of HIVDR and the mode of transmission was found. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study on HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Lebanon. The overall prevalence of HIVDR mutations detected in our study was 16%. Our results are important for evaluating the utility of the standard first-line regimens in use, determining the feasibility of HIVDR testing before the initiation of ART, as well as minimizing the emergence and transmission of HIVDR.

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Use of reverse-transcriptase-based HIV-1 viral load assessment to confirm low viral loads in newly diagnosed patients in Switzerland

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-14-84 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Beatrice N Vetter ◽

Cyril Shah ◽

Jon B Huder ◽

Jürg Böni ◽

Jörg Schüpbach

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Hiv 1

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High Rate of Non-detectable HIV-1 RNA among Antiretroviral Drug Naive HIV Positive Individuals in Nigeria

Virology Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/vrt.s12677 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. VRT.S12677 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georgina N. Odaibo ◽

Isaac F. Adewole ◽

David O. Olaleye

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Undetectable Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

High Rate ◽

Baseline Viral Load ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Detectable Viral Load ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Hiv 1

Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or viral load, is an indication of the magnitude of virus replication and largely correlates with disease progression in an infected person. It is a very useful guide for initiation of therapy and monitoring of response to antiretroviral drugs. Although the majority of patients who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high viral load, a small proportion of ART naive patients are known to maintain low levels or even undetectable viral load levels. In this study, we determined the rate of undetectable HIV-1 RNA among ART naive HIV positive patients who presented for treatment at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria from 2005 to 2011. Baseline viral load and CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of 14,662 HIV positive drug naive individuals were determined using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 and Partec easy count kit, respectively. The detection limits of the viral load assay are 400 copies/mL and 750,000 copies/mL for lower and upper levels, respectively. A total of 1,399 of the 14,662 (9.5%) HIV-1 positive drug naive individuals had undetectable viral load during the study period. In addition, the rate of non-detectable viral load increased over the years. The mean CD4 counts among HIV-1 infected individuals with detectable viral load (266 cells/μL; range = 1 to 2,699 cells/μL) was lower than in patients with undetectable viral load (557 cells/μL; range = 1 to 3,102 cells/μL). About 10% of HIV-1 infected persons in our study population had undetectable viral load using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5.

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Dynamic of HIV-1 Strains Isolated from Newly Diagnosed Antiretroviral Drug Naive Turkish Patients

Infectious Diseases Research ◽

10.53388/idr2021a0502001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Ahmed Sharif ◽

Murat Sayan ◽

Adam Mustapha

Keyword(s):

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Antiretroviral Drug ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Turkish Patients ◽

Hiv 1

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2494. Real-World Use of Ibalizumab in Physician Office Infusion Centers (POICs)

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S865-S865 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard C Prokesch ◽

Claudia P Schroeder ◽

Thomas C Hardin ◽

Lucinda J Van Anglen

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Viral Load ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Real World ◽

Clinical Trial Data ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Drug Classes ◽

Post Marketing ◽

Marketing Data ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background Ibalizumab-uiyk (IBA) was recently approved for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 infection in patients (pts) failing other antiretroviral regimens. Clinical trial data demonstrated a decrease in HIV-1 viral load in 83% and 43% of patients (n = 40) receiving IBA for 2 and 25 weeks (weeks), respectively. Real-world post marketing data are needed. This pilot study reports the experience of IBA utilization in POICs. Methods Medical records of patients receiving intravenous IBA from approval through April 2019 were reviewed. Data collected include demographics, infection and treatment history, IBA regimen and adverse events. Plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (log10 copies/mL) and CD4 count (cells/µL) were collected at baseline and as available during therapy. Based on available follow-up (FU) labs, response was assessed at 4–10 weeks (FU 1), 14–22 weeks (FU 2), and 24–37 weeks (FU 3). Results Nine patients (mean age: 48 ± 11 years, 67% male) from 7 POICs received IBA for a median duration of 33 weeks (range 4–43). Median length of HIV-1 diagnosis was 22 years (range 8–25). Resistance to ≥1 drug in at least 3 drug classes was reported in 56%. All patients received at least one concurrent anti-retroviral agent. IBA was initiated at 2000 mg followed by 800 mg every 2 weeks. All patients received infusions as scheduled (151 total infusions) except for one requiring a second loading dose. Baseline mean CD4 count and viral load were 49 cells/µL and 4.9 log10 copies/mL, respectively. Labs obtained at FU 1 indicated a decrease in viral load of at least 0.5 log10 copies/mL in 6/8 patients (75%); a mean reduction of 2.1 ± 1.8 log10 copies/mL (Table 1). Mean HIV-1 titers available for patients at FU 2 (n = 6) and FU 3 (n = 7) were 3.1 ± 2.0 and 3.2 ± 2.6 log10 copies/mL, respectively. Mean CD4 counts were 65 ± 57 cells/µL at FU 1, 96 ± 61 cells/µL at FU 2 and 88 ± 82 cells/µL at FU 3. Adverse events were reported in 8 patients (89%), most common itching/rash, diarrhea and abdominal pain. None resulted in discontinuation of IBA. Conclusion This study confirms the antiviral activity of IBA in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection in the real-world setting. We observed well-tolerated therapy with an early reduction in HIV-1 viral load of 75%, followed by a 43% reduction ≥24 weeks, consistent with the clinical trial. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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