Neutralizing Antibodies to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 in Reindeer

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes major losses in worldwide livestock, affecting the respiratory and reproductive tracts of bovine. In the past decades, the number of cases in Brazil has been gradually increasing. Therefore, it is important to assess the distribution of infection in different regions of the country. In the state of Espírito Santo (ES) the BoHV 1 infection rate in dairy cattle herds is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1 in serum samples from 1,161 non-vaccinated cows from 59 dairy cattle herds in 23 municipalities of the Metropolitan, North, Northwest and South macro-regions. The identification of seropositive cows was evaluated by the virus neutralization test. The results showed that of all serum samples evaluated 775 (66.75%) had neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1. Moreover, all herds were found positive; however, the percentage of positive cows varied among regions; 49.06%, 62.15%, 67.21% and 80.04% for the Metropolitan, South, North and Northwest macro-regions, respectively. In this study, the results clearly indicate the dissemination of the viral agent in dairy cattle in the ES state, requiring the monitoring and control of diseases related to BoHV-1 infection.

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Efficacy of a Deletion Mutant Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) Vaccine That Allows Serologic Differentiation of Vaccinated from Naturally Infected Animals

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879300500406 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 534-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eduardo Furtado Flores ◽

Fernando A. Osorio ◽

Eraldo L. Zanella ◽

Saul Kit ◽

Malon Kit

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serologic Test ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Double Deletion ◽

Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Systemic Symptoms ◽

Loss Of Appetite

Fifteen bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1)-negative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly with 107.4 plaque-forming units of a double-deletion BHV-1 mutant (IBRV(NG)dltkdlgIII), and 6 remained as nonvaccinated controls. Thirty days after vaccination, the animals were challenged by nasal instillation of 108.2 CCID50 of a virulent BHV-1 strain (Cooper). The vaccinated calves were protected against wildtype virus challenge as demonstrated by clinical evaluation. Most of the vaccinates developed only a mild rhinitis (lasting an average of 6.5 days) with almost no systemic symptoms, whereas the controls developed a serious illness characterized by rhinitis (X = 11.5 days), conjunctivitis, hyperthermia, apathy, loss of appetite, and dyspnea. The vaccinates also shed significantly less virus and for a shorter period of time (X = 5.5 days) than the controls (X = 9 days). Thirty days after vaccination, the vaccinates were negative in an anti-gIII specific blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), despite the fact that most of them had developed neutralizing antibodies (serum neutralization titers ranging from 1:2 to 1: 16). Seroconversion to gIII was detected as early as 7 days postinfection (dpi). Fourteen days after the challenge, all the animals exposed to wildtype BHV-1 had developed anti-gIII antibodies and were positive in this differential serologic test. Six controls plus 8 vaccinates kept in isolation were still positive to gIII when tested at 75 dpi. The use of the IBRV(NG)dltkdlgIII strain in conjunction with an anti-gIII specific blocking ELISA kit represents a powerful tool for BHV-1 control/eradication programs.

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The Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen Are Increased by Formulation with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.18.9002-9010.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (18) ◽

pp. 9002-9010 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

X. P. Ioannou ◽

P. Griebel ◽

R. Hecker ◽

L. A. Babiuk ◽

S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

Cpg Odn ◽

Glycoprotein D ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽

Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subunit vaccine formulated with Emulsigen (Em) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) was determined in cattle. A truncated, secreted version of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) formulated with Em and CpG ODN at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/dose produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after BHV-1 challenge compared to tgD adjuvanted with either Em or CpG ODN alone. In contrast, tgD formulated with Em and either 25 mg of a non-CpG ODN or another immunostimulatory compound, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, induced similar immunity and protection compared to tgD formulated with Em alone, a finding which confirms the immunostimulatory effect of ODN to be CpG motif mediated. Our results demonstrate the ability of CpG ODN to induce a strong and balanced immune response in a target species.

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Serological evaluation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in cattle-breeding systems on Colombia’s high plains

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.604 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5381-5389

Author(s):

Diana Vargas B ◽

Alejandro Bohórquez G ◽

Jorge Parra A ◽

Jairo Jaime C ◽

Agustín Góngora O

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Serological Test ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Breeding Systems ◽

High Plains ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Distribución Geográfica ◽

Cattle Farms

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Bovine herpesvirus – 1 (BoHV- 1) and Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) neutralizing antibodies in herds on the Colombian high plains and their correlation with the level of cross-protection against both herpesviruses. Materials and methods. This study was carried out on cattle farms located around the towns of Puerto López and Puerto Gaitán in Colombia’s Meta department. Sampling was made by convenience. Twenty-three farms were involved in the study; 488 sera samples were taken by random sampling. Virus neutralization test were performed according to the protocols of the OIE. Each serum was evaluated independently for each virus, BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. Results. The serological test confirmed the presence of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections in the Colombian bovine population in 100% and 73.9% respectively. However, crossreaction for both viruses was not evident in all farms evaluated. Conclusions. Alpha-herpesviruses are amongst the most significant infectious agents affecting cattle. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is found throughout the whole world and is endemic in Colombian bovine population, whereas bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) has limited geographical distribution, mainly being reported in South-America (Brazil and Argentina), and we also confirmed the presence of BoHV-5 in Colombia.Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos para herpesvirus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) y herpesvirus bovino 5 (BoHV-5), así como también determinar el nivel de protección cruzada contra los dos herpesvirus en hatos de la altillanura colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se realizó en fincas ubicadas en los municipios de Puerto López y Puerto Gaitán departamento del Meta. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia. Se emplearon 23 fincas, donde se realizó un muestreo al azar en cada una para un total de 488 muestras. Las muestras de suero fueron analizadas mediante sero-neutralización viral empleando los protocolos de la OIE. Cada uno de los sueros fue evaluado de manera independiente para cada uno de los virus BoHV-1 y BoHV-5. Resultados. Mediante la sero-neutralización viral se confirmó la presencia de BoHV-1 y BoHV-5 en la población bovina colombiana en 100% y 73.9%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, la reactividad 2016 cruzada no fue evidente en todas las fincas evaluadas. Conclusiones. Los alfa-herpesvirus bovinos se encuentran entre los agentes infecciosos más importantes del ganado bovino. Particularmente, el herpesvirus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) presenta una distribución mundial, siendo endémico en la población bovina colombiana, mientras que el herpesvirus bovino 5 (BoHV-5), presenta una distribución geográfica limitada; reportándose principalmente en Suramérica (Brasil y Argentina), comprobándose la presencia de este en los hatos colombianos.

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