Resistance Genes and their Interactions with Bacterial Blight/Leaf Streak Pathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)—an Updated Review

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop, feeding more than 50% of the world’s population. Diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens constantly threaten the rice production and lead to enormous yield losses. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused respectively by gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), are two important diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Due to the economic importance, extensive genetic and genomic studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rice response to Xoo and Xoc in the last two decades. A series of resistance (R) genes and their cognate avirulence and virulence effector genes have been characterized. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on interactions between rice and the two pathogens through these R genes or their products and effectors. Breeding strategies to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae based on the published studies are also discussed.

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Efficacy of bacteriocinogenic strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on the incidence of bacterial blight disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m91-131 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 764-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. Sakthivel ◽

T. W. Mew

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Bacteriocin Production ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Greenhouse Tests

A total of 144 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were screened for bacteriocin production against 30 indicator strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Forty isolates showed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against 20–27 indicators, presumably because of the production of bacteriocin compounds. The selected isolates were screened for bacteriocin production at 29 °C and tested for virulence on rice differentials. Since all of the isolates were pathogenic, nonpathogenic bacteria were generated through N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and by repeated subculturing. Epiphytic colonization and survival of pathogens and of nonpathogenic bacteriocin producers on rice plants were monitored, using mutants resistant to streptomycin and rifampicin. An improved method of pathogen inoculation was developed and used to evaluate biological control. Treatment with nonpathogenic bacteriocin-producing bacteria resulted in reductions of bacterial blight incidence up to 31–99% in greenhouse tests and 11–73% in the screenhouse. Bacterial leaf streak severity was reduced 4–20% in the greenhouse and disease incidence was reduced 20–39% in the screenhouse. Key words: bacteriocin, biological control, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, mutagenesis, rice.

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Uji Tanaman Padi Hasil Persilangan Varietas Lokal dengan IRBB-27 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Hawar Daun Bakteri

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 227-238

Author(s):

Nurdin Nurdin ◽

Bakhitar Bakhtiar ◽

Cut Nur Ichsan

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae

Abstrak. Penurunan hasil produksi padi disebabkan beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB). Penyakit HDB yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) hasil persilangan antara genotipe lokal dan IRBB-27 terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan perlakuan genotipe dan 5 taraf diulang sebanyak 5 kali sehingga diperoleh 25 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan prcobaan terdiri 3 tanaman sehingga total tanaman yang diamati yaitu 75 tanaman. Genotipe padi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Sigupai, Sikuneng, IRBB-27, F1 (Sg/IRBB-27) dan F1 (Sk/IRBB-27). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padi Sg/IRBB-27 dan Sk/IRBB-27 tahan terhadap hawar daun bakteri. Lesio terpendek dijumpai pada genotipe F1 (Sg/IRBB-27) yaitu 0,34 cm pada 14 HSI. Sedangkan persentase rata-rata intensitas serangan terendah dijumpai pada F1 (Sg/IRBB-27) yaitu 0,49 %. Tanaman Sg/IRBB-27 dan Sk/IRBB-27 lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan genotipe IRBB-27. Tanaman Sg/IRBB-27 dan Sk/IRBB-27 lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan genotipe IRBB-27. F1 (Sk/IRBB-27) memiliki rata-rata tinggi tanaman mencapai 145,93 cm, sedangkan F1 (Sg/IRBB-27) rata-rata tinggi tanaman 142,40 cm ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil kedua persilangan belum memiliki tinggi tanaman padi yang ideal yaitu 90-100 cm.

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Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Ketahanan Enam varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae)

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.990 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 138-146

Author(s):

Remilda Hanum ◽

Bakhtiar Bakhtiar ◽

Lukman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan, hasil dan ketahanan tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae). Varietas padi yang digunakan antara lain IRBB27, IR64, Inpari 16, Ciherang, Inpari 30, dan Inpari 31, perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 18 satuan percobaan. Setiap percobaan menggunakan 4 tanaman sehingga total tanaman yang akan diamati yaitu 72 tanaman. Pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan per tanaman, jumlah malai pertanaman, jumlah gabah berisi per malai, persentase gabah hampa per malai, bobot seribu butir, produksi per tanaman, indeks panen, masa inkubasi penyakit dan intensitas penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa semua varietas tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri

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Genetic diversity analysis in indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) using resistance genes linked markers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-217763/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khannetah K. R . ◽

Ramchander S. ◽

Andrew Peter Leon M. T ◽

Shobha D. ◽

Saravanan S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Lesion Length ◽

R Genes ◽

Leaf Clipping ◽

Moderately Resistant

Abstract Among rice ( Oryza sativa L.) diseases, bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryza pv. Oryzae , plays a pivotal role in decreasing rice yield. BB is reported to be the most serious constraint to improving rice yield. The present investigation assessed the potentiality of bacterial blight resistance and molecular characterization of 100 rice accessions for four major BB resistance genes, viz., Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 . Disease screening was carried out under glasshouse conditions using a BB culture isolated from BB-infected rice fields through the leaf clipping method. Analyses of 13 BB resistance genes linked with polymorphic microsatellites markers indicated the presence of single-, two-, three- and four-gene combinations of xa5, xa13, Xa4 and Xa21 . We found four accessions to be resistant; 34 accessions to be moderately resistant; 49 accessions to be moderately susceptible and 13 accessions to be susceptible. Among the resistant lines, IR12L110, Namcheonbyeo, Dhalaheera and SahbhagiDhan recorded a minimum lesion length of 3.7cm, 4.2cm, 4.67cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Phylogenetic tree, constructed using molecular data, grouped the rice germplasm into four major clusters. R genes xa 5 and Xa4 contributed 14 positive compatible R genes, each belonging to 28 germplasm for BB resistance. The potential genetic resources identified as resistant to BB can be used as donors for the improvement of rice BB resistance in rice breeding programs.

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