scholarly journals Developing EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk industries: key environmental issues and data collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Giner Santonja ◽  
Panagiotis Karlis
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Systematic Determination

Abstract Background The European Commission organised the review of the best available techniques reference document for the food, drink and milk industries according to the provisions of the Industrial Emissions Directive (Directive 2010/75/EU). Under this policy, an exchange of information between Member States, industrial organisations, non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of the environment and the European Commission took place. Results A crucial part of developing these EU environmental standards was the systematic determination of the key environmental issues of the food, drink and milk sector. Key environmental issues were defined for emissions to air and water, and for energy and water consumption. The key environmental issues were systematically determined using four criteria proposed by the European Commission. Moreover, a data collection procedure was designed and real-plant emissions and consumption data were obtained for the first time from a representative variety of food, drink and milk installations across the European Union. Conclusions The development of the EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk sector are based on a systematic determination of the key environmental issues and on a representative data collection for this sector. This paper also highlights the main normative, organisational and procedural factors addressed during the environmental policy integration carried out to develop these standards.

scholarly journals Developing EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk industries: key environmental issues and data collection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Giner Santonja ◽  
Panagiotis Karlis
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Systematic Determination

Abstract Background The European Commission organised the review of the best available techniques reference document for the food, drink and milk industries according to the provisions of the Industrial Emissions Directive (Directive 2010/75/EU). Under this policy, an exchange of information between Member States, industrial organisations, non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of the environment and the European Commission took place. Results A crucial part for developing these EU environmental standards was a systematic determination of the key environmental issues of the food, drink and milk sector. Key environmental issues were defined for emissions to air and water, and for energy and water consumption. The key environmental issues were systematically determined by using four criteria proposed by the European Commission. Moreover, a data collection procedure was designed and real-plant emissions and consumption data were obtained for the first time from a representative variety of food, drink and milk installations across the European Union. Conclusions The development of the EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk sector are based on a systematic determination of the key environmental issues and on a representative data collection for this sector. This paper also highlights the main normative, organisational and procedural factors addressed during the environmental policy integration carried out to develop these standards.

scholarly journals Developing EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk industries: key environmental issues and data collection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Giner Santonja ◽  
Panagiotis Karlis
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Systematic Determination

Abstract Background: The European Commission organised the review of the Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries according to the provisions of the Industrial Emissions Directive (Directive 2010/75/EU). Under this policy, an exchange of information between Member States, industrial organisations, non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of the environment and the European Commission took place. Results: A crucial part of developing these EU environmental standards was the systematic determination of the key environmental issues of the food, drink and milk sector. Key environmental issues were defined for emissions to air and water, and for energy and water consumption. The key environmental issues were systematically determined using four criteria proposed by the European Commission. Moreover, a data collection procedure was designed and real-plant emissions and consumption data were obtained for the first time from a representative variety of food, drink and milk installations across the European Union. Conclusions: The development of the EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk sector are based on a systematic determination of the key environmental issues and on a representative data collection for this sector. This paper also highlights the main normative, organisational and procedural factors addressed during the environmental policy integration carried out to develop these standards.

scholarly journals Developing EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk industries: key environmental issues and data collection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Giner Santonja ◽  
Panagiotis Karlis
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Industrial Emissions Directive ◽  
Plant Emissions

Abstract Background The European Commission organised the review of the best available techniques reference document for the food, drink and milk industries according to the provisions of the Industrial Emissions Directive (Directive 2010/75/EU). Under this policy, an exchange of information between Member States, industrial organisations, non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of the environment and the European Commission took place. Results A crucial part for developing these EU environmental standards was the determination of the key environmental issues of the food, drink and milk sector. Key environmental issues were defined for emissions to air and water, and for energy and water consumption. The key environmental issues were determined by using four criteria proposed by the European Commission. Moreover, a data collection procedure was designed and real-plant emissions and consumption data were obtained from a variety of food, drink and milk installations across the European Union. Conclusions The development of the EU environmental standards for the food, drink and milk sector will be the reference for the operation of around 2 800 installations in Europe until these standards are reviewed again.

Position of OLAF in a multi-level governance system of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Janusz Ruszkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Agent Theory ◽  
System A ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The One

The author aims to investigate the position of OLAF in the multi-level governance system (MLG) of the European Union with specific inter-institutional consequences of such location, assuming that OLAF is not a classical supranational institution. In the research subject an important role is played by the European Commission (EC), which established OLAF and gave it specific competences to act. These facts are fundamentally important for further considerations, so they can have a major impact on the precise determination of OLAF’s position in the MLG. If OLAF as an agent and supervisor has control powers over supranational institutions, including its principal, a supranational European Commission, it is unlikely that it would also be a supranational institution. This article demonstrates, that OLAF is not a classic supranational institution because it exhibits strong features of a supra-supranational institution operating in a multi-level EU governance system. A helpful theoretical and methodological research tools we consider the Principal/Agent Theory (PAT) and its combination Principal/Supervisor/Agent Theory (PSAT) on the one hand, and the concept of multi-level governance (MLG) on the other hand.

Performance Evaluation of LC-MS Methods for Multimycotoxin Determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Pascale ◽  
Annalisa De Girolamo ◽  
Vincenzo Lippolis ◽  
Joerg Stroka ◽  
Hans G.J. Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
European Commission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
European Standards

The co-occurrence of regulated mycotoxins in foods and feeds, together with modified (“masked”) and emerging mycotoxins, has been increasingly reported worldwide in recent years. Therefore, sensitive, accurate, and validated methods for the simultaneous determination of these hazardous contaminants in different matrices are highly demanded to fulfil regulatory requirements and to carry out reliable surveillance programs. In these last years, LC-MS methodologies for multimycotoxin screening and/or quantification are being routinely used in control laboratories. However, to date, only one European Standard for multimycotoxin determination is based on LC-MS (EN 16877:2016). The need for standardized LC-MS methods for multimycotoxin determination has been highlighted by regulatory authorities and scientific advisory bodies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission. The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) has issued calls for tender for the development of standardized LC-MS methods for mycotoxins in food and animal feeding stuffs. As deliverables, some LC-MS based methods for multimycotoxin determination are currently under approval as European Standards. In addition, the European Commission has recently established specific criteria with which screening methods for mycotoxins, including LC-MS methods, have to comply for use for regulatory purposes. Validation procedures by single-laboratory and collaborative trials have been defined. This paper provides insights and advances on guidelines and tools for performance evaluation of LC-MS methods intended for quantitative determination and for semiquantitative screening of multimycotoxins. In particular, performance criteria set in the European Union and the United States are critically overviewed, and expectations, needs, and future challenges relevant to LC-MS methods for multimycotoxin determination are also discussed.

Las mejores técnicas disponibles, versión 4.0 (o de la normatividad inmanente a las mejores técnicas disponibles en su nueva condición de euro-meaning technical regulations)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1409-1433
Author(s):  
Antonio FORTES MARTÍN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Industrial Emissions Directive ◽  
Conceptual Meaning ◽  
Technical Regulations

LABURPENA: Industria-isurien Zuzentarauaren helburua da teknikarik onenei buruzko klausulak presentzia eta aplikazio praktiko handiagoa izatea Europar Batasun osoan. Horretarako, bere esanahia eta esparrua argitu da. Are gehiago, teknikarik onenak juridifikatu egin dira, eta Betearazte Erabaki moduan arautu dira teknikarik onenei buruzko ondorioak. Hori aurrerapauso handia da, eta horren lege- eta ingurumen-mailako ondorio nagusiak jorratzen dira lan honetan. RESUMEN: La Directiva de emisiones industriales aspira a que la cláusula de las mejores técnicas disponibles goce de una mayor presencia y aplicación práctica en el conjunto de la Unión Europea. Para ello no sólo se ha provocado una depuración conceptual de su significado clarificando su sentido y alcance. Más importante aún, las mejores técnicas disponibles se han juridificado alumbrándose, en estrictos términos normativos, en forma de Decisión de Ejecución comprensiva de las conclusiones relativas a las mejores técnicas disponibles. Esta nueva realidad supone un importante paso hacia adelante cuyas consecuencias jurídicas y ambientales más destacadas son abordadas en este trabajo. ABSTRACT: The industrial emissions Directive aims to the clause of the best available techniques to have a greater presence and practical application in the whole of the European Union. This not only occurred by a conceptual meaning purification through clarifying its meaning and scope. Most important, the best available techniques have been legalized, formalizing, in strict legal terms, in the form of Implementing Decision that it brings together the best available techniques conclusions. This new reality is an important step forward whose legal and environmental implications are addressed in this study.

Performance Evaluation of LC-MS Methods for Multimycotoxin Determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Pascale ◽  
Annalisa De Girolamo ◽  
Vincenzo Lippolis ◽  
Joerg Stroka ◽  
Hans G J Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
European Commission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
European Standards

Abstract The co-occurrence of regulated mycotoxins in foods and feeds, together with modified (“masked”) and emerging mycotoxins, has been increasingly reported worldwide in recent years. Therefore, sensitive, accurate, and validated methods for the simultaneous determination of these hazardous contaminants in different matrices are highly demanded to fulfil regulatory requirements and to carry out reliable surveillance programs. In these last years, LC-MS methodologies for multimycotoxin screening and/or quantification are being routinely used in control laboratories. However, to date, only one European Standard for multimycotoxin determination is based on LC-MS (EN 16877:2016). The need for standardized LC-MS methods for multimycotoxin determination has been highlighted by regulatory authorities and scientific advisory bodies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission. The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) has issued calls for tender for the development of standardized LC-MS methods for mycotoxins in food and animal feeding stuffs. As deliverables, some LC-MS based methods for multimycotoxin determination are currently under approval as European Standards. In addition, the European Commission has recently established specific criteria with which screening methods for mycotoxins, including LC-MS methods, have to comply for use for regulatory purposes. Validation procedures by single-laboratory and collaborative trials have been defined. This paper provides insights and advances on guidelines and tools for performance evaluation of LC-MS methods intended for quantitative determination and for semiquantitative screening of multimycotoxins. In particular, performance criteria set in the European Union and the United States are critically overviewed, and expectations, needs, and future challenges relevant to LC-MS methods for multimycotoxin determination are also discussed.

scholarly journals Predicting Future Forest Ranges Using Array-based Geospatial Semantic Modelling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Mulder Osenga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
Semantic Modelling ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Studying the impacts of climate change requires looking at a multitude of variables across a broad range of sectors [1,2]. Information on the variables involved is often unevenly available or offers different uncertainties [3,4], and a lack of uniform terminology and methods further complicates the process of analysis, resulting in communication gaps when research enterprises span different sectors. For example, models designed by experts in one given discipline might assume conventions in language or oversimplify cross-disciplinary links in a way that is unfamiliar for scientists in another discipline. Geospatial Semantic Array Programming (GeoSemAP) offers the potential to move toward overcoming these challenges by promoting a uniform approach to data collection and sharing [5]. The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission has been exploring the use of geospatial semantics through a module in the PESETA II project (Projection of economic impacts of climate change in sectors of the European Union based on bottom-up analysis). <BR/>This manuscript has been accepted for publication in IEEE Earthzine 2014 Vol. 7 Issue 2, 2nd quarter theme: Geospatial Semantic Array Programming. The definitive version will be published at: http://www.earthzine.org/

Wood dust – inhalable fraction. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-130
Author(s):  
Renata Soćko
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Coniferous Species

Wood is a raw material of the wood industry. Exposure to dust from deciduous trees (hardwood) or from a mixture with coniferous species (softwood) is correlated with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas. Occupational asthma is the result of actions of the biologically active compounds pre¬sent in some wood species (both hardwood and softwood). Hardwood and softwood dusts may impair clear airway, resulting in chronic lung disease. Taking into account the health effects and the socio-economic conditions of enterprises presented by the European Commission, we propose to lower the current TLV value from 3 mg/m3 to 2 mg/m3 for the inhalable fraction of wood dust, with the note that the TLV value applies to all types of wood dust. The proposed value corresponds to the binding value proposed by the European Commission (BOELV) for the inhalable fraction of hardwood dusts set at 2 mg/m3, taking into account the socio-economic conditions of enterprises. This value will apply in Poland and EU countries from January 18, 2023. The Commission of the European Union included research on exposure to hard and mixed wood dust to technological processes classified as carcino¬genic to humans (Directive 2017/2398/EC) and indicating that if there is a mixture of hardwood dust with other wood dust then MAC refers to the total wood dust present in the mixture. Due to the fact that wood dusts are carcinogenic, mutagenic and cause pneumoco¬niosis, the determination of STEL values is unjustified. Wood dust was labeled as a carcinogen with Annex 1 to the Regulation of Ministry of Health, and with letter “A” because of possible sensitization.

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