Proposal for an integrated approach for the assessment of cross-media aspects relevant for the determination of “best available techniques” bat in the european union

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Geldermann ◽  
Christina Jahn ◽  
Thomas Spengler ◽  
Otto Rentz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Cross Media

scholarly journals Polish “Entrepreneur” and EU “Undertaking”: Multilingualism and Differences in Legal Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Maciej Etel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Legal Identification ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union and its member-states’ involvement in the economic sphere, manifesting itself in establishing the rules of entrepreneurs’ functioning – their responsibilities and entitlements – requires a precise determination of the addressees of these standards. Proper identification of an entrepreneur is a condition of proper legislation, interpretation, application, control and execution of the law. In this context it is surprising that understanding the term entrepreneur in Polish law and in EU law is not the same, and divergences and differences in identification are fundamental. This fact formed the objective of this article. It is aimed at pointing at key differences in the identification of an entrepreneur between Polish and EU law, explaining the reasons for different concepts, and also the answer to the question: May Poland, as an EU member-state, identify the entrepreneur in a different way than the EU?

scholarly journals THE DETERMINATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Mentor Lecaj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to explain the legal, political and moral obligation of the European Union institutions in the promotion, advancement, respect, and implementation of human rights and freedoms as a universal value, and above all as binding legal- political principles during their efforts in relations with actors both inside and outside the EU. This research work simultaneously analyzes and interprets international legal rules that regulate human rights. Moreover, the cases and means in promoting the human rights used by the European Union in different cultural regions have been compared and analyzed as well as the possibility of changing the approach of EU policy towards countries where the highest level of resistance exist in the accepting of such values.

scholarly journals The concept of technological proximity in the development of European Union national innovative systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (51) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rastvortseva ◽  
Aizhan Amanalieva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Degree Of Participation

Abstract The development of national innovative systems is intended to solve a number of issues: from decreasing socio-economic inequality in countries and regions to creating environments favourable to new high-tech production and diversification of industrial composition. Determination of the possibilities for expanding the set of innovative types of economic activity must be scientifically substantiated, since significant financial, material and human resources may be consumed in creating and supporting new economic sectors within the framework of state policy. This article contains an attempt to create a mechanism for revealing promising trends in the development of an innovative economic sphere, taking into account comparative advantages in the commodity composition of exports by determining technological proximity indicators. The article aims to substantiate the possibility of using the concept of technological proximity in developing national innovative systems. The study employs technological proximity indicators based on the revealed comparative advantages (RCA) of countries by commodity groups of export. A matrix of technological proximity in the industrial fields (at a six-unit level) for 28 countries of the European Union in 2007–18 was made. The results revealed comparative advantages by groups of high-tech products in EU countries in real time. The analysis of technological proximity in the industrial sector has shown the types of economic activity connected with the innovative sector, which was used to determine the countries’ degree of participation in the manufacture of high-tech products. The proposed mechanism can be used in the development and implementation of national and regional policy in the sphere of innovative systems, since it allows promising areas for creation and support of new high-tech productions to be determined.

scholarly journals Legal procuring of international information/cyber security of the digital economy: economic and legal aspects

E-Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
L. O. Gontar’
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact

The article considers a problem of the definition of the digital economy, as well as presents a new theme on the legal procuring of international cyber security. The above mentioned new direction serves as an indicator of possible interdisciplinary research in the field of law and economics in the sphere of digital processes. As a justification the acts of the European Union have been adduced and their characteristic features, which consist in consideration of a substantial part of digital economy (economic party) have been allocated. This integration association has a unique structure and history, but the process of regulating the digital economy in the European Union began not so long ago. The European Union is one of the few integration associations that has started to work on improving the mechanisms of legal regulation of the digital market. This circumstance certainly affects the development of an integrated approach to the understanding of the digital economy, as well as further actualizes the issue of considering the legal procuring of international cyber security of this phenomenon. Legal procuring of security is a new direction in the international legal field, which will allow to consider the legal aspects in demand in the digital economy. The challenges in relation to international cyber security and the impact of the conceptual apparatus on the issues of the legal procuring of the security of the digital economy have been considered. It is important to note that the article suggests possible solutions to the problem posed. At the end of the article three proposals for improving approaches to the security of the digital economy have been elaborated. In terms of their qualitative characteristics, the proposals, undoubtedly, relate to legal and technical aspects, but also solutions regarding the conceptual component of the legal procuring of the security have been presented.

The Lisbon Judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court – New Guidance on the Limits of European Integration?

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Federal Constitutional Court ◽  
German Federal Constitutional ◽  
State Functions

The German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has found that there are no constitutional objections against the Lisbon Treaty. At the same time, the FCC imposed limitations to future integration by identifying a number of state functions that are non-amenable to integration and which have to be retained at the national level. This article examines the scope and content of these core competencies. It also discusses to what extent the criteria used by the FCC for the determination of core competencies might reflect a European-wide standard for the determination of limits to the transfer of competencies to the European Union. The article concludes that the judgment clarifies the limitations of the transfer of competencies, even though the criteria used by the FCC cannot claim to produce the set of inalienable sovereign powers that were recognized as such throughout the Union.

Foreigners: Wanted Dead or Alive?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-441
Author(s):  
Céline Bauloz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
The One ◽  
Seriously Ill

While non-refoulement is an absolute principle of international human rights law, its application to seriously ill individuals exposed to premature death and physical and mental suffering because of the substandard medical system in their country of origin seems to have followed a double standard in Europe. On the one hand, medical cases are increasingly treated at the margin of the non-refoulement principle by the European Court of Human Rights, being only covered in highly exceptional cases. On the other hand, seriously ill individuals have been excluded from the scope of subsidiary protection in the European Union as confirmed by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Against such restrictive interpretations, the present article calls for an integrated approach where all non-refoulement claims, including those on medical grounds, are to be assessed along the same criteria so as to ensure seriously ill individuals a genuine right to live in dignity.

Position of OLAF in a multi-level governance system of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Janusz Ruszkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Agent Theory ◽  
System A ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The One

The author aims to investigate the position of OLAF in the multi-level governance system (MLG) of the European Union with specific inter-institutional consequences of such location, assuming that OLAF is not a classical supranational institution. In the research subject an important role is played by the European Commission (EC), which established OLAF and gave it specific competences to act. These facts are fundamentally important for further considerations, so they can have a major impact on the precise determination of OLAF’s position in the MLG. If OLAF as an agent and supervisor has control powers over supranational institutions, including its principal, a supranational European Commission, it is unlikely that it would also be a supranational institution. This article demonstrates, that OLAF is not a classic supranational institution because it exhibits strong features of a supra-supranational institution operating in a multi-level EU governance system. A helpful theoretical and methodological research tools we consider the Principal/Agent Theory (PAT) and its combination Principal/Supervisor/Agent Theory (PSAT) on the one hand, and the concept of multi-level governance (MLG) on the other hand.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Circular Economy and Sustainable Waste Management in European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcuta Liviu ◽  
Panait Razvan ◽  
Marcuta Alina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
European Policies ◽  
The Relationship

Modern life has contributed both to the increase of living standards, to the increase of the comfort level and to the development of the society, but also to the increase of the amount of waste that end up suffocating the planet and threatening the existence of present and future generations. Among the solutions that are sought and that are included in various programs and policies, the concept of circular economy is one that is increasingly discussed when talking about the sustainable development of society. The circular economy implies a reduction of the natural resources consumed due to both recycling and their fair consumption. At the E.U. level the foundations have been laid for policies aimed at waste management to ensure the application of the principles of the circular economy.Considering the importance that the quantification of the indicators for implementing the circular economy have on the elaboration of more efficient policies, but also on the determination of the degree of implementation of this concept, in this paper we intend to analyze the evolution of these indicators in 2010-2019, in the European Union using a customized version of the DPSIR model. Their analysis led us to the conclusion that although important steps have been taken towards the transition to the circular economy, there are still many aspects that need to be improved in order to achieve the proposed objectives through European policies.

scholarly journals A balanced approach: Brexit from political and business perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 804-816
Author(s):  
Răzvan Hoinaru ◽  
Mihnea Năstase
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Abstract There is a considerable amount of publications written on rolling back the EU supra state, national sovereignty regain, and strategic (mis)conceptions for analysing Brexit scenarios for both the UK and the EU. Many articles present a unilateral point of view with a tendency to be normative. The presentation of only one-sided political, historical, and business perspectives can be very dangerous, limiting understanding and constructive approaches. This also happens with macro-economic analyses that are used fit for purpose. David Cameron’s political calculation to call for a referendum regarding the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union has had complex ramifications. With causes that have led to the British citizens’ decision that range from multiple crises in the European Union, member states’ inability for burden and risk sharing, to the lack of trust portrayed by European institutions and a confusing internal rhetoric. With a City of London remaining undecided and continuously evaluating the value at risk of Brexit, and in the absence of a new European financial center, it is important to make sense of the arguments of both in and out supporters. Thus, this article attempts to present a more integrated approach, spanning across politics, trade, private businesses and social attitudes. This paper looks beyond international relations between nations and takes into consideration the international relations between corporations and their business strategies.

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