Evolution of PHAS loci in the young spike of Allohexaploid wheat

Abstract Background: PhasiRNAs (phased secondary siRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the development processes and biotic or abiotic stresses in plants. Some of phasiRNAs involve in the reproductive development in grasses, which include two categories, 21-nt (nucleotide) and 24-nt phasiRNAs. They are triggered by miR2118 and miR2275 respectively, in premeiotic and meiotic anthers of rice, maize and other grass species. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) with three closely related subgenomes (subA, subB and subD), is a model of allopolyploid in plants. Knowledge about the role of phasiRNAs in the inflorescence development of wheat is absent until now, and the evolution of PHAS loci in polyploid plants is also unavailable. Results : Using 261 small RNA expression datasets from various tissues, a batch of PHAS (phasiRNA precursors) loci were identified in the young spike of wheat, most of which were regulated by miR2118 and miR2275 in their target site regions. Dissection of PHAS and their trigger miRNAs among the diploid (AA and DD), tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) genomes of Triticum indicated that distribution of PHAS loci were dominant randomly in local chromosomes, while miR2118 was dominant only in the subB genome. The diversity of PHAS loci in the three subgenomes of wheat and their progenitor genomes (AA, DD and AABB) suggested that they originated or diverged at least before the occurrence of the tetraploid AABB genome. The positive correlation between the PHAS loci or the trigger miRNAs and the ploidy of genome indicated the expansion of genome was the major drive force for the increase of PHAS loci and their trigger miRNAs in Triticum . In addition, the expression profiles of the PHAS transcripts suggested they responded to abiotic stresses such as cold stress in wheat. Conclusions: Altogether, non-coding phasiRNAs are conserved transcriptional regulators that display quick plasticity in Triticum genome. They may be involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress in wheat. It could be referred to molecular research on male reproductive development in Triticum .

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Evolution of PHAS Loci in the Young Spike of Allohexaploid Wheat

10.21203/rs.2.16650/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rongzhi Zhang ◽

Siyuan Huang ◽

Shiming Li ◽

Guoqi Song ◽

Yulian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Grass Species ◽

Inflorescence Development ◽

Secondary Sirnas ◽

Development Processes ◽

Young Spike ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat

Abstract Background: PhasiRNAs (phased secondary siRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the development processes and biotic or abiotic stresses in plants. Some of phasiRNAs involve in the reproductive development in grasses, which include two categories, 21-nt (nucleotide) and 24-nt phasiRNAs. They are triggered by miR2118 and miR2275 respectively, in premeiotic and meiotic anthers of rice, maize and other grass species. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) with three closely related subgenomes (subA, subB and subD), is a model of allopolyploid in plants. Knowledge about the role of phasiRNAs in the inflorescence development of wheat is absent until now, and the evolution of PHAS loci in polyploid plants is also unavailable. Results: Using 261 small RNA expression datasets from various tissues, a batch of PHAS (phasiRNA precursors) loci were identified in the young spike of wheat, most of which were regulated by miR2118 and miR2275 in their target site regions. Dissection of PHAS and their trigger miRNAs among the diploid (AA and DD), tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) genomes of Triticum indicated that distribution of PHAS loci were dominant randomly in local chromosomes, while miR2118 was dominant only in the subB genome. The diversity of PHAS loci in the three subgenomes of wheat and their progenitor genomes (AA, DD and AABB) suggested that they originated or diverged at least before the occurrence of the tetraploid AABB genome. The positive correlation between the PHAS loci or the trigger miRNAs and the ploidy of genome indicated the expansion of genome was the major drive force for the increase of PHAS loci and their trigger miRNAs in Triticum . In addition, the expression profiles of the PHAS transcripts suggested they responded to abiotic stresses such as cold stress in wheat. Conclusions: Altogether, non-coding phasiRNAs are conserved transcriptional regulators that display quick plasticity in Triticum genome. They may be involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress in wheat. It could be referred to molecular research on male reproductive development in Triticum .

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Evolution of PHAS Loci in the Young Spike of Allohexaploid Wheat

10.21203/rs.2.16650/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rongzhi Zhang ◽

Siyuan Huang ◽

Shiming Li ◽

Guoqi Song ◽

Yulian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Rna ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Transcriptional Regulators ◽

Grass Species ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Secondary Sirnas ◽

Development Processes ◽

Young Spike ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat

Abstract Background PhasiRNAs (phased secondary siRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the development processes and biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. A class of phasiRNAs involve in the reproductive development in grasses. Reproductive-associated phasiRNAs include two categories, 21-nt (nucleotide) and 24-nt phasiRNAs, which are triggered by miR2118 and miR2275 in premeiotic and meiotic anthers, respectively, which had been reported in rice, maize and other grass species. However, there were still absence in Triticum The allohexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (subA, subB and subD), which is a model of allopolyploid in plants. And the evolution of PHAS loci in polyploid plants is still unavailable.Results Here, using 261 small RNA expression datasets from various tissues, a batch of PHAS (phasiRNA precursors) loci were identified in the young spike of wheat, most of which were triggered by miR2118 and miR2275 in their target site regions. Dissection of PHAS and their trigger miRNAs among the diploid (AA and DD), tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) genomes of Triticum indicated that distribution of PHAS loci were dominant randomly in local chromosomes, while their trigger miR2118 was dominant only in the subB genome. The diversity of PHAS loci in the three subgenomes of wheat and their progenitor genomes (AA, DD and AABB) suggested that they originated or diverged before the occurrence of AABB. The positive relationship between the PHAS loci or the trigger miRNAs and the ploidy of genome indicated the expansion of genome was the major drive force for the increase of PHAS loci and their trigger miRNAs in Triticum . In addition, the PHAS transcripts responded to abiotic stresses such as cold stress in wheat.Conclusions Altogether, non-coding phasiRNAs are conserved transcriptional regulators that display quick plasticity in genome dominance and sequence diversity and are involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress in wheat. It could be referred to molecular research on male reproductive development in Triticum .

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An improved assembly and annotation of the allohexaploid wheat genome identifies complete families of agronomic genes and provides genomic evidence for chromosomal translocations

Genome Research ◽

10.1101/gr.217117.116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 885-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 220

Author(s):

Bernardo J. Clavijo ◽

Luca Venturini ◽

Christian Schudoma ◽

Gonzalo Garcia Accinelli ◽

Gemy Kaithakottil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Genome ◽

Chromosomal Translocations ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat

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An Electron Microscopic Study of Double Fertilization in Allohexaploid Wheat Triticum aestivum L.

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088517 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 561-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

XIAOPING GAO ◽

DENNIS FRANCIS ◽

JOHN C. ORMROD ◽

MICHAEL D. BENNETT

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Microscopic Study ◽

Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Double Fertilization ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat

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Poaceae-specific MS1 encodes a phospholipid-binding protein for male fertility in bread wheat

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1715570114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (47) ◽

pp. 12614-12619 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Zheng Wang ◽

Jian Li ◽

Shaoxia Chen ◽

Yanfang Heng ◽

Zhuo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Binding Activity ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Hybrid Wheat ◽

Phospholipid Binding ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat ◽

Molecular Nature

Male sterility is an essential trait in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops, including rice and wheat. However, compared with the high percentage of hybrid rice planted in the world, little commercial hybrid wheat is planted globally as a result of the lack of a suitable system for male sterility. Therefore, understanding the molecular nature of male fertility in wheat is critical for commercially viable hybrid wheat. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of Male Sterility 1 (Ms1) in bread wheat by using a combination of advanced genomic approaches. MS1 is a newly evolved gene in the Poaceae that is specifically expressed in microsporocytes, and is essential for microgametogenesis. Orthologs of Ms1 are expressed in diploid and allotetraploid ancestral species. Orthologs of Ms1 are epigenetically silenced in the A and D subgenomes of allohexaploid wheat; only Ms1 from the B subgenome is expressed. The encoded protein, Ms1, is localized to plastid and mitochondrial membranes, where it exhibits phospholipid-binding activity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of commercially viable hybrid wheat.

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Influence of homoeologous chromosomes on gene-dosage effects in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.75.3.1446 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 1446-1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. Aragoncillo ◽

M. A. Rodriguez-Loperena ◽

G. Salcedo ◽

P. Carbonero ◽

F. Garcia-Olmedo

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Gene Dosage Effects ◽

Dosage Effects ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat ◽

Homoeologous Chromosomes

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Methylation, Transcription, and Rearrangements of Transposable Elements in Synthetic Allopolyploids

International Journal of Plant Genomics ◽

10.1155/2011/569826 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Beery Yaakov ◽

Khalil Kashkush

Keyword(s):

Transposable Elements ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Genome Structure ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Wheat Genome ◽

Wheat Species ◽

Noncoding Sequences ◽

Genomic Stress ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Allohexaploid Wheat

Transposable elements (TEs) constitute over 90% of the wheat genome. It was suggested that “genomic stress” such as hybridity or polyploidy might activate transposons. Intensive investigations of various polyploid systems revealed that allopolyploidization event is associated with widespread changes in genome structure, methylation, and expression involving low- and high-copy, coding and noncoding sequences. Massive demethylation and transcriptional activation of TEs were also observed in newly formed allopolyploids. Massive proliferation, however, was reported for very limited number of TE families in various polyploidy systems. The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulated data on genetic and epigenetic dynamics of TEs, particularly in synthetic allotetraploid and allohexaploid wheat species. In addition, the underlying mechanisms and the potential biological significance of TE dynamics following allopolyploidization are discussed.

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