scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhen Su ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Baocang Ma ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Anti Fungal

Abstract Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophila model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophila as a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarum functioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarum hindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarum overrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarum mitigated the susceptibility of Drosophila to pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhen Su ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Baocang Ma ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Anti Fungal

Abstract Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophila model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophila as a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarum functioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarum hindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarum overrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarum mitigated the susceptibility of Drosophila to pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhen Su ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Baocang Ma ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophilamodel to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophilaupon infection. Using Drosophilaas a model system, Drosophila-associatedLactobacillus plantarumfunctioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarumhindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarumoverrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarummitigated the susceptibility of Drosophilato pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis. Keywords L. plantarum, fungal infection, Drosophila, antagonist, oviposition.

scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhen Su ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Baocang Ma ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophilamodel to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophilaupon infection. Using Drosophilaas a model system, Drosophila-associatedLactobacillus plantarumfunctioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarumhindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarumoverrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarummitigated the susceptibility of Drosophilato pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis. Keywords L. plantarum, fungal infection, Drosophila, antagonist, oviposition.

scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhen Su ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Baocang Ma ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Abstract Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophilamodel to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophilaas a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarumfunctioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarumhindered the growth of Diaporthe FYin vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FYto the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarumoverrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FYwas identified as a potential Drosophilapathogen. Commensal L. plantarummitigated the susceptibility of Drosophilato pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wanzhen Su ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Baocang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Induced Susceptibility ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Anti Fungal

Abstract Background Animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in the wild, but their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in host health, but the daunting complexity of microflora has hampered our understanding of the intricate relationships among them. In this work, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophila model that offered a model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated a pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, that was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophila as a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarum functioned as a probiotics, and protected flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results shown that L. plantarum hindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, therefore consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to hosts. In addition, L. plantarum overrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential pathogen to Drosophila. Commensal L. plantarum mitigated the pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility in Drosophila, providing an insight into the natural interplays between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Growth Regulation of Yeast Involving Hydrogen Sulfide From S-Propargyl-Cysteine Catalyzed by Cystathionine-γ-Lyase

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkai Gu ◽  
Yufan Sun ◽  
Feizhen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Anti Fungal

Pathogenic fungi are recognized as a progressive threat to humans, particularly those with the immunocompromised condition. The growth of fungi is controlled by several factors, one of which is signaling molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was traditionally regarded as a toxic gas without physiological function. However, recent studies have revealed that H2S is produced enzymatically and endogenously in several species, where it serves as a gaseous signaling molecule performing a variety of critical biological functions. However, the influence of this endogenous H2S on the biological activities occurring within the pathogenic fungi, such as transcriptomic and phenotypic alternations, has not been elucidated so far. Therefore, the present study was aimed to decipher this concern by utilizing S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) as a novel and stable donor of H2S and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fungal model. The results revealed that the yeast could produce H2S by catabolizing SPRC, which facilitated the growth of the yeast cells. This implies that the additional intracellularly generated H2S is generated primarily from the enhanced sulfur-amino-acid-biosynthesis pathways and serves to increase the growth rate of the yeast, and presumably the growth of the other fungi as well. In addition, by deciphering the implicated pathways and analyzing the in vitro enzymatic activities, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CYS3) was identified as the enzyme responsible for catabolizing SPRC into H2S in the yeast, which suggested that cystathionine-γ-lyase might play a significant role in the regulation of H2S-related transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations occurring in yeast. These findings provide important information regarding the mechanism underlying the influence of the gaseous signaling molecules such as H2S on fungal growth. In addition, the findings provide a better insight to the in vivo metabolism of H2S-related drugs, which would be useful for the future development of anti-fungal drugs.

Ferula hermonis: A Review of Current Use and Pharmacological Studies of its Sesquiterpene Ester Ferutinin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Safi ◽  
Marwan El-Sabban ◽  
Fadia Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Sexual Impotence ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Sesquiterpene Ester

Ferula hermonis Boiss, is an endemic plant of Lebanon, locally known as “shilsh Elzallouh”. It has been extensively used in the traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of sexual impotence. Crude extracts and isolated compounds of ferula hermonis contain phytoestrogenic substances having a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties including anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal, anti-cancer and as sexual activity enhancer. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the traditional and novel applications of this plant’s extracts and its major sesquiterpene ester, ferutinin. The phytochemical constituents and the pharmacological uses of ferula hermonis crude extract and ferutinin specifically will be discussed.

scholarly journals Ibrexafungerp: A First-in-Class Oral Triterpenoid Glucan Synthase Inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabelle Jallow ◽  
Nelesh P. Govender
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Favourable Safety ◽  
Favourable Safety Profile ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
In Vitro Data

Ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078 or MK-3118) is a first-in-class triterpenoid antifungal or “fungerp” that inhibits biosynthesis of β-(1,3)-D-glucan in the fungal cell wall, a mechanism of action similar to that of echinocandins. Distinguishing characteristics of ibrexafungerp include oral bioavailability, a favourable safety profile, few drug–drug interactions, good tissue penetration, increased activity at low pH and activity against multi-drug resistant isolates including C. auris and C. glabrata. In vitro data has demonstrated broad and potent activity against Candida and Aspergillus species. Importantly, ibrexafungerp also has potent activity against azole-resistant isolates, including biofilm-forming Candida spp., and echinocandin-resistant isolates. It also has activity against the asci form of Pneumocystis spp., and other pathogenic fungi including some non-Candida yeasts and non-Aspergillus moulds. In vivo data have shown IBX to be effective for treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Ibrexafungerp is effective for the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis in completed phase 3 clinical trials.

scholarly journals Generalizing game-changing species across microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Marco Tulio Angulo ◽  
Serguei Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Heuristic Rules ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Structuralist Theory ◽  
Context Specific

AbstractMicrobes form multispecies communities that play essential roles in our environment and health. Not surprisingly, there is an increasing need for understanding if certain invader species will modify a given microbial community, producing either a desired or undesired change in the observed collection of resident species. However, the complex interactions that species can establish between each other and the diverse external factors underlying their dynamics have made constructing such understanding context-specific. Here we integrate tractable theoretical systems with tractable experimental systems to find general conditions under which non-resident species can change the collection of resident communities—game-changing species. We show that non-resident colonizers are more likely to be game-changers than transients, whereas game-changers are more likely to suppress than to promote resident species. Importantly, we find general heuristic rules for game-changers under controlled environments by integrating mutual invasibility theory with in vitro experimental systems, and general heuristic rules under changing environments by integrating structuralist theory with in vivo experimental systems. Despite the strong context-dependency of microbial communities, our work shows that under an appropriate integration of tractable theoretical and experimental systems, it is possible to unveil regularities that can then be potentially extended to understand the behavior of complex natural communities.

scholarly journals An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 1759-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane F. Vieira ◽  
Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽  
Rosely A. Peralta ◽  
Regina F. Peralta-Muniz-Moreira ◽  
Adelar Bracht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Background: Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. Methods: The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. Results: The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. Conclusion: A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.

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