scholarly journals An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 1759-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane F. Vieira ◽  
Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽  
Rosely A. Peralta ◽  
Regina F. Peralta-Muniz-Moreira ◽  
Adelar Bracht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Background: Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. Methods: The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. Results: The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. Conclusion: A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.

scholarly journals Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chrząszcz ◽  
Barbara Krzemińska ◽  
Rafał Celiński ◽  
Katarzyna Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phenolic Composition

The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Selenylation Modification of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranran Hou ◽  
Qiu Li ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yuanliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Selenylation Modification ◽  
Atractylodes Macrocephala

The Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) was extracted by water extracting-alcohol precipitating method and further purified by DEAE column. After that, the polysaccharides were modified by nitric acid-sodium selenite method, and nine kinds of selenizing AMPs (sAMPs) were obtained, namely, from sAMP1 to sAMP9. AMP and sAMP were characterized using FTIR spectrometry. Then their antioxidant activities in vitro were measured by free radical-scavenging test. Among these, sAMP6 presented the strongest antioxidant effect. For the test in vivo, the chickens at day 14 vaccinated with ND vaccine were repeatedly vaccinated at day 28. The chickens in sAMP and AMP were injected respectively with 1 mg of sAMP6 and AMP and, in vaccination control (VC) and BC groups, injected with equal volume of normal saline. Respectively, after the first vaccine, on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, the serum GSH-Px and SOD activities and MDA content were determined. The results suggested that sAMP6 could significantly promote GSH-Px and SOD activities and decrease MDA content. All these results indicated that selenylation modification could significantly enhance the antioxidant activity of AMP.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Activity in Osteoarthritis Biology: A Focus on the Nutrigenomic Role

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Stefania D’Adamo ◽  
Silvia Cetrullo ◽  
Veronica Panichi ◽  
Erminia Mariani ◽  
Flavio Flamigni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease associated to age or conditions that precipitate aging of articular cartilage, a post-mitotic tissue that remains functional until the failure of major homeostatic mechanisms. OA severely impacts the national health system costs and patients’ quality of life because of pain and disability. It is a whole-joint disease sustained by inflammatory and oxidative signaling pathways and marked epigenetic changes responsible for catabolism of the cartilage extracellular matrix. OA usually progresses until its severity requires joint arthroplasty. To delay this progression and to improve symptoms, a wide range of naturally derived compounds have been proposed and are summarized in this review. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have provided proof of principle that many of these nutraceuticals are able to exert pleiotropic and synergistic effects and effectively counteract OA pathogenesis by exerting both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and by tuning major OA-related signaling pathways. The latter are the basis for the nutrigenomic role played by some of these compounds, given the marked changes in the transcriptome, miRNome, and methylome. Ongoing and future clinical trials will hopefully confirm the disease-modifying ability of these bioactive molecules in OA patients.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant Activities of a Third-Millennium Food: Amaranthus spp.

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Seon-Joo Park ◽  
Anshul Sharma ◽  
Hae-Jeung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Amaranth Species ◽  
Amaranthus Spp

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) plant commonly refers to the sustainable food crop for the 21st century. The crop has witnessed significant attention in recent years due to its high nutritional value and agronomic advantages. It is a relatively well-balanced cosmopolitan food that is a protector against chronic diseases. Usually, the antioxidant activities of amaranth are held responsible for its defensive behavior. Antioxidant activity of plants, generally, is attributed to their phytochemical compounds. The current interest, however, lies in hydrolysates and bioactive peptides because of their numerous biological functions, including antioxidant effect. While the importance of bioactive peptides has been progressively recognized, an integrated review of recent studies on the antioxidant ability of amaranth species, especially their hydrolysates and peptides has not been generated. Hence, in this review, we summarize studies focused on the antioxidant capacity of amaranth renewal over the period 2015–2020. It starts with a background and overall image of the amaranth-related published reviews. The current research focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and chemical assays-based antioxidant activity of different amaranth species are addressed. Finally, the last segment includes the latest studies concerning free radical scavenging activity and metal chelation capacity of amaranth protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of the Leaf Latex of Aloe Weloensis (Aloaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gedefaw Getnet Amare ◽  
Tadesse Awgichew ◽  
Solomon Ahmed ◽  
Zemene Demelash Kifle
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Parasitemia Level ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Nature has gifted a variety of plants having potential effect against plasmodium parasites. The present study was aimed to determine in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis.Methods: In vitro antimalarial activity of the leaf latex of A. weloensis was determined against 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. Antimalarial activity of the three doses the latex was evaluated in 4 day-suppressive and curative models against P. berghei infected mice. Antioxidant activity of the leaf latex of A. weloensis was assessed in 2,2- diphenyl 1- picrylhydrazine assay model. Results: Antioxidant activity of the latex was concentration dependent; the strongest inhibition was measured at 400 μg/mL (73.54%). The leaf latex of A. weloensis was demonstrated inhibitory activity against 3D7 malarial strain (IC50 = 9.14 μg/ml). Suppressive and curative effect of the latex was found to be dose dependent. Parasitemia reduction was significant (200 mg/kg, p<0.01, 400 and ,600 mg/kg, p<0.001) in 4-day suppressive test compared to vehicle control. Parasitemia level of the mice treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg doses of the latex significantly (p<0.001) reduced with suppression of 36%, 58% and 64% respectively in curative test. Administration of the leaf latex of A. weloensis significantly (p<0.01) improved mean survival time, pack cell volume, rectal temperature and body weight of P. berghei infected mice. Conclusion: The finding showed that the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis endowed prominent antimalarial and antioxidant activities. The result can serve as a step towards the development of safe and effective herbal therapy against plasmodium parasites.

scholarly journals Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites from Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Esraa A ElHawary ◽  
Herbenya Peixoto ◽  
Rola M Labib ◽  
Heba Handoussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
C Elegans

Background: Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied.The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcoholic extract from S. brachypetala leaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods. Methods: In vitro assays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, and in vivo assays: Caenorhabditis elegans strains maintenance, Intracellular ROS in C. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Results: More than forty polyphenols ,including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genus Schotia for the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside.The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Discussion: A pronounced antioxidant activity in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo correlates to SBE rich phenolic profile.

scholarly journals Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro of polysaccharides from Amaranthus hybridus L.

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9077
Author(s):  
Zizhong Tang ◽  
Caixia Zhou ◽  
Yi Cai ◽  
Yujia Tang ◽  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Background Amaranthus hybridus L. is an annual, erect or less commonly ascending herb that is a member of the Amaranthaceae family. Polysaccharides extracted from traditional Chinese medicines may be effective substances with antioxidant activity. Methods In this study, we isolated crude polysaccharides from A. hybridus (AHP-M) using microwave-assisted extraction. Then, the AHP-M was purified by chromatography with DEAE-32 cellulose, and two fractions, AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2, were obtained. The structural characteristics of AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 were investigated, and their antioxidant activities were analyzed in vitro. Results We found that the monosaccharide composition of AHP-M-1 was different from that of AHP-M-2. The molecular weights of AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 were 77.625 kDa and 93.325 kDa, respectively. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of AHP-M-2 was better than that of AHP-M-1. For AHP-M-2, the DPPH radical scavenging rate at a concentration of 2 mg/mL was 78.87%, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 39.34%, the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was 80.2%, and the reduction ability of Fe3+ was approximately 0.90. The total antioxidant capacity per milligram of AHP-M-2 was 6.42, which was higher than that of Vitamin C (Vc). Conclusion The in vitro test indicated that AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 have good antioxidant activity, demonstrating that A. hybridus L. polysaccharide has immense potential as a natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and toxicity on Cavia porcellus of Dialium angolense Welw. Ex Oliv, a traditional medicinal plant from Bagira in Eastern of DR Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Bashige Chiribagula V ◽  
Bakari Amuri S ◽  
Okusa Ndjolo Philippe ◽  
Kahumba Byanga J ◽  
Duez P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
E Coli

Dialium angolense is used in Bagira for its various medicinal properties particularly in the management of infectious diseases. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their in vivo toxicity on Cavia porcellus. The major phytochemical classes of extracts were screened using standard in-tube reactions. The antimicrobial study was tested on Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae using agar well diffusion and dilution methods, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by a DPPH assay. For the acute toxicity study, animals (6/group) were orally given in a single dose 5000, 1000 or 15000 mg of extract/kg body weight (BW) then observed for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity assays, 150 or 300 mg/kg BW/day were orally given, and animals observed for 28 days. Total phenolics and total flavonoids contents ranged 1.19 to 1.61 mg GAE.g-1 and 0.45 to 1.01 mg QEg-1, respectively. The extracts presented antioxidant activity with IC50 ranging 4.9 to 6.9 µg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on tested strains ranged from 1.9 to 500 µg/mL with the aqueous extract of fruits as a most active extract: MIC=1.9 µg/mL on E. coli and C. albicans. No signs of toxicity were noted during the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessments, suggesting a maximal tolerate doses (MDT) and LD50 > 15000 mg/kg BW. This study highlights the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dialium angolense and suggests that further studies be directed towards the isolation of active compounds.

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