scholarly journals Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene contributing to the regulation of gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Wu ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shuyan Li ◽  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Pigment Gland ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Erf Protein ◽  
Glandless Seed ◽  
Ap2 Domain ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Abstract Background Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) is one of the most economically important crops in the world due to its significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited due to the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and non-ruminant animals. To date, some progress has been made in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of its formation was still unclear. Results In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (GH_A12G2166), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation by the comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of glanded and glandless plants. It encoded an ERF protein containing a converved AP2 domain which was localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activity, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. Conclusions These results suggest that GhERF105 contributes to the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial organs of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene contributing to the regulation of gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Wu ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shuyan Li ◽  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Pigment Gland ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Erf Protein ◽  
Glandless Seed ◽  
Ap2 Domain ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Abstract Background: Gossypium hirsutum L. ( cotton) is one of the most economically important crops in the world due to its significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited due to the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and non-ruminant animals. To date, some progress has been made in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of its formation was still unclear.Results: In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (GH_A12G2166), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation by the comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of glanded and glandless plants. It encoded an ERF protein containing a converved AP2 domain which was localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activity, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. Conclusions: These results suggest that GhERF105 contributes to the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial organs of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene contributing to the regulation of gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Wu ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shuyan Li ◽  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Pigment Gland ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Erf Protein ◽  
Glandless Seed ◽  
Ap2 Domain ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Abstract Background: Gossypium hirsutum L. ( cotton) is one of the most economically important crops in the world due to its significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited due to the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and non-ruminant animals. To date, some progress has been made in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of its formation was still unclear.Results: In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (GH_A12G2166), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation by the comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of glanded and glandless plants. It encoded an ERF protein containing a converved AP2 domain which was localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activity, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. Conclusions: These results suggest that GhERF105 contributes to the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial organs of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene participated in the regulation of gland formation from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Wu ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shuyan Li ◽  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Pigment Gland ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Erf Protein ◽  
Glandless Seed ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Abstract Background Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) is one of the most economically important crops globally. Cottonseed is the significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited by the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and other non-ruminant animals. To date, there has been some progress in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of pigment gland formation was still complicated and unclear. Results In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (Gh_A12G1784), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation, from comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of two pairs of glanded and glandless accessions, which are CCRI12 and CCRI12XW, L7 and L7XW. It encoded an ERF protein localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activation activity containing a conserved AP2 domain, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. Conclusions These results suggest that GhERF105 participates in the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial tissue of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene contributing to the regulation of gland formation in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Wu ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shuyan Li ◽  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Pigment Gland ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Leaf Transcriptome ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Erf Protein ◽  
Glandless Seed

Abstract Background: Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most economically important crops worldwide . Cottonseed is a major significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed is limited by the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and other non-ruminant animals. To date,some progress has been made in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of pigment gland formation was still unclear. Results: In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (Gh_A12G1784), which is involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation, from comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf transcriptome from two pairs of glanded and glandless accessions, which are CCRI12 and CCRI12XW, L7 and L7XW. This gene encoded an ERF protein containing a converved AP2 domain localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activity., and it showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. Conclusions: These results suggest that GhERF105 contributes to the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial organs of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and characterization of light-harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes reveals their potential role in enhancing drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teame Gereziher MEHARI ◽  
Yanchao XU ◽  
Richard Odongo MAGWANGA ◽  
Muhammad Jawad UMER ◽  
Joy Nyangasi KIRUNGU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Synonymous Substitution Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Background Cotton is an important commercial crop for being a valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp decline because of abiotic stresses, etc. Drought is one of the major abiotic stress causing significant yield losses in cotton. However, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms to cope abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold, etc. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), and the late embryogenesis abundant proteins have shown positive response in the resistance improvement to several abiotic stresses. Results Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes were carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed on various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks (Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) values were less than one, an indication of negative selection of the gene family. Differential expressions of genes showed that majority of the genes are being highly upregulated in the roots as compared with leaves and stem tissues. Most genes were found to be highly expressed in MR-85, a relative drought tolerant germplasm. Conclusion The results provide proofs of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton varieties.

Minimalist Biological Race

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Hardimon
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Biological Race

The minimalist concept of race represents the barest characterization of the ordinary concept race possible. Minimalist races are groups of human beings distinguished by patterns of visible physical features, groups whose members are linked by a common ancestry peculiar to members of the group, and which originate from a distinctive geographic location. Minimalist races exist because there are existing human groups that satisfy the minimalist concept of race. Their existence is not precluded by the findings of population genetics. Appeal to contemporary studies in evolutionary biology and population genetics makes it possible to rebut the objection that minimalist races do not exist because they are not genetically distinct.

scholarly journals Characterization of gossypol biosynthetic pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (23) ◽  
pp. E5410-E5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Tian ◽  
Ju-Xin Ruan ◽  
Jin-Quan Huang ◽  
Chang-Qing Yang ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Oxidative Reactions ◽  
Substrate Conversion ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison ◽  
Tight Correlation

Gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes in cotton function as defense compounds but are antinutritional in cottonseed products. By transcriptome comparison and coexpression analyses, we identified 146 candidates linked to gossypol biosynthesis. Analysis of metabolites accumulated in plants subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) led to the identification of four enzymes and their supposed substrates. In vitro enzymatic assay and reconstitution in tobacco leaves elucidated a series of oxidative reactions of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway. The four functionally characterized enzymes, together with (+)-δ-cadinene synthase and the P450 involved in 7-hydroxy-(+)-δ-cadinene formation, convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to hemigossypol, with two gaps left that each involves aromatization. Of six intermediates identified from the VIGS-treated leaves, 8-hydroxy-7-keto-δ-cadinene exerted a deleterious effect in dampening plant disease resistance if accumulated. Notably, CYP71BE79, the enzyme responsible for converting this phytotoxic intermediate, exhibited the highest catalytic activity among the five enzymes of the pathway assayed. In addition, despite their dispersed distribution in the cotton genome, all of the enzyme genes identified show a tight correlation of expression. Our data suggest that the enzymatic steps in the gossypol pathway are highly coordinated to ensure efficient substrate conversion.

The Scope of the Conceptual

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Laurence ◽  
Eric Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Michael Dummett ◽  
Contemporary Philosopher ◽  
Conceptual Thought ◽  
The Moment

This article explains different views on concepts, which are among the most fundamental constructs in cognitive science. Michael Dummett argues that nonhuman animals are not capable of full-fledged conceptual thought but only a diminished form of thought, which he calls, proto-thought. Human beings can remove themselves from the moment and can rise above the confined world of current perceptions because of their linguistic abilities. Donald Davidson, a contemporary philosopher, denies that animals are capable of conceptual thought and claim that conceptual content requires a rich inferential network. Donald Davidson made an argument against animals having conceptual thought. Davidson's original formulation of the argument begins with the claim that having a belief requires having the concept of a belief but adds that having the concept of belief requires possession of a natural language. It follows, then, that to have a belief requires facility with natural language. The characterization of the conceptual/nonconceptual distinction that is implicit in Davidson's metacognitive argument is a complex one involving a capacity for belief about beliefs, a concept of belief, and concepts of truth and falsity. Both Robert Brandom and John McDowell argued that conceptual thought requires more than a capacity for detection. They claim that conceptual thought requires the ability to appreciate the reasons that would justify a given concept's application and use, and this, in turn, is inherently a social practice that is dependent on natural language

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