Different epidemiological profiles in patients with Zika and dengue infection in Tapachula, Chiapas in Mexico (2016–2018): an observational, prospective cohort study

Abstract Background The introduction of Zika and chikungunya to dengue hyperendemic regions increased interest in better understanding characteristics of these infections. We conducted a cohort study in Mexico to evaluate the natural history of Zika infection. We describe here the frequency of Zika, chikungunya and dengue virus infections immediately after Zika introduction in Mexico, and baseline characteristics of participants for each type of infection. Methods Prospective, observational cohort evaluating the natural history of Zika virus infection in the Mexico-Guatemala border area. Patients with fever, rash or both, meeting the modified criteria of PAHO for probable Zika cases were enrolled (June 2016–July 2018) and followed-up for 6 months. We collected data on sociodemographic, environmental exposure, clinical and laboratory characteristics. Diagnosis was established based on viral RNA identification in serum and urine samples using RT-PCR for Zika, chikungunya, and dengue. We describe the baseline sociodemographic and environmental exposure characteristics of participants according to diagnosis, and the frequency of these infections over a two-year period immediately after Zika introduction in Mexico. Results We enrolled 427 participants. Most patients (n = 307, 65.7%) had an acute illness episode with no identified pathogen (UIE), 37 (8%) Zika, 82 (17.6%) dengue, and 1 (0.2%) chikungunya. In 2016 Zika predominated, declined in 2017 and disappeared in 2018; while dengue increased after 2017. Patients with dengue were more likely to be men, younger, and with lower education than those with Zika and UIE. They also reported closer contact with water sources, and with other people diagnosed with dengue. Participants with Zika reported sexual exposure more frequently than people with dengue and UIE. Zika was more likely to be identified in urine while dengue was more likely found in blood in the first seven days of symptoms; but PCR results for both were similar at day 7–14 after symptom onset. Conclusions During the first 2 years of Zika introduction to this dengue hyper-endemic region, frequency of Zika peaked and fell over a two-year period; while dengue progressively increased with a predominance in 2018. Different epidemiologic patterns between Zika, dengue and UIE were observed. Trial registration Clinical.Trials.gov (NCT02831699).

Download Full-text

Design and Baseline Demographics of a Five-Year, Multi-National Observational Cohort Study of Children With Achondroplasia (ACHieve Study)

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A712-A712

Author(s):

Leanne M Ward ◽

Josep Maria de Bergua ◽

Marie-Eve Robinson ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Carl Decker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Skeletal Dysplasia ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Endochondral Bone Formation ◽

Precise Timing ◽

History Of ◽

Observational Cohort

Abstract Background: Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most common form of dwarfism occurring in 1 in 22,000 births (95% CI 18,500 to 26,000). This skeletal dysplasia is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene located on chromosome 4p16.3 and results in sustained activation of the FGFR3 pathway leading to impaired chondrogenesis and endochondral bone formation. Both typical childhood growth patterns and the impaired linear growth of ACH are modulated by the delicate balance between growth-inhibiting FGFR3/mitogen-activated phosphokinase and growth-promoting c-type natriuretic peptide/natriuretic peptide receptor B. Individuals with ACH frequently develop clinically significant comorbidities, many with onset during childhood. Currently, there are no therapies addressing the underlying pathology. Most available treatments are surgical with goals to alleviate the symptoms from specific comorbidities (i.e. foramen magnum and spinal stenosis or recurrent otitis media). Since the available therapies do not address the underlying etiology, individuals with ACH often undergo multiple surgeries and myriad other forms of supportive care throughout their lives. The precise timing of comorbidity onset and the natural history of many of the skeletal dysplasia features are incompletely defined. This information is needed to inform the design and conduct of pathology-targeted intervention studies. Aim: The purpose of this study is to gather information about the precise timing of comorbidity onset, the longitudinal growth trajectory, and the evolution of body proportionality in children with ACH. Methods and Future Results: The ACHieve study (NCT03875534) is a multi-center, longitudinal, observational cohort study in children with ACH from birth up to 8 years at enrollment. In this non-therapeutic study, children are evaluated every six months for up to 5 years in 25 centers from North America, Europe and Oceania. The first patient was enrolled in 2019 and a total of 84 children have been enrolled to date. At each assessment, children undergo comprehensive anthropometric studies, (including body proportionality measurements and recumbent or standing height) and information on the timing and nature of ACH-related comorbidities and their treatments are collected. Additional information about the baseline demographics, including sex, age distribution, race/ethnicity, and height standard deviation scores will be presented at the time of conference. Conclusions: The ACHieve study will provide additional insight into the natural history of growth, body proportionality, and comorbidities in children with ACH. These observations will serve as a benchmark for future intervention trials targeting the pathology of the underlying skeletal dysplasia.

Download Full-text

Sex Differences in the Incidence and Clearance of Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Liuzhou, China: An Observational Cohort Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 82-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Feixue Wei ◽

Meng Guo ◽

Shoujie Huang ◽

Mingqiang Li ◽

Xuelian Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Natural History ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Men And Women ◽

History Of ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Oncogenic Hpv

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes anogenital warts and cancers in men and women. However, little is known about sex differences regarding the natural history of anogenital HPV infection. Methods Starting in May 2014, an observational cohort study including 2309 men and 2378 women aged 18–55 years was conducted in Liuzhou, China. Samples from anogenital sites were tested for HPV genotypes by multicolor real-time polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis biannually for ~1 year. Results The incidence of oncogenic HPV infection was similar in men and women (10.3 and 11.5/1000 person-months; P = .275), whereas the incidence of HPV-6/11 infection was higher in men than in women (2.0 vs 1.1; P = .018). The incidence of both oncogenic HPV and HPV-6/11 infections was significantly higher in women in the 18- to 25-year age group than in the older age groups (P = .006 and .011, respectively), whereas it did not vary by age among men (P = .552 and .425, respectively). Additionally, men were more likely than women to clear oncogenic infections (101.5 vs 58.6/1000 person-months; P < .001), but no significant difference was found in the clearance of HPV-6/11 by sex (111.7 vs 84.8; P = .266). The median time to clearance of oncogenic type and type 6/11 infections was not age dependent for either sex (all P > .05). Conclusions The natural history of oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV infection differs by sex, which implies that sex-specific vaccination strategies should be considered for oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02188004.

Download Full-text

Effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections on the natural history of compensated cirrhosis: a cohort study of 297 patients

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07057.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 97 (11) ◽

pp. 2886-2895 ◽

Cited By ~ 214

Author(s):

Giovanna Fattovich ◽

Maurizio Pantalena ◽

Irene Zagni ◽

Giuseppe Realdi ◽

Solko W. Schalm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Compensated Cirrhosis ◽

History Of

Download Full-text

Natural history of helicobacter pylori infection from infancy to adulthood: A 21-year follow-up cohort study

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)80628-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A128-A128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H MALATY ◽

D GRAHAM ◽

A ELKASABANY ◽

S REDDY ◽

S SRINIVASAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

History Of

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of The natural history of multiple system atrophy: a prospective European cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718042239.793480674 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Irene Litvan ◽

Rita Simoes

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Multiple System Atrophy ◽

History Of

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Changes in medical management and colectomy rates: a population-based cohort study on the epidemiology and natural history of ulcerative colitis in Örebro, Sweden, 1963-2010.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.729083544.793549046 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Eduard Stange ◽

Jan Wehkamp

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Medical Management ◽

Population Based ◽

History Of

Download Full-text

Safety of hydroxychloroquine and darunavir or lopinavir in COVID-19 infection

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkaa441 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Etienne Meriglier ◽

Claire Rivoisy ◽

Mojgan Hessamfar ◽

Noelle Bernard ◽

Ines Aureau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Potential Drug ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

History Of ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Ecg Abnormalities

Abstract Background Combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir has been suggested as an approach to improve the outcome of patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 infection. Objectives To examine the safety of combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir. Methods This was an observational cohort study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia treated with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir. Clinical evaluations, electrocardiograms and the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine, darunavir and lopinavir were examined according to clinical practice and guidelines. Results Twenty-one patients received hydroxychloroquine with lopinavir/ritonavir (median age 68 years; 10 males) and 25 received hydroxychloroquine with darunavir/ritonavir (median age 71 years; 15 males). During treatment, eight patients (17.4%) developed ECG abnormalities. Ten patients discontinued treatment, including seven for ECG abnormalities a median of 5 (range 2–6) days after starting treatment. All ECG abnormalities reversed 1–2 days after interrupting treatment. Four patients died within 14 days. ECG abnormalities were significantly associated with age over 70 years, coexisting conditions (such as hypertension, chronic cardiovascular disease and kidney failure) and initial potential drug interactions, but not with the hydroxychloroquine concentration. Conclusions Of the patients with COVID-19 who received hydroxychloroquine with lopinavir or darunavir, 17% had ECG abnormalities, mainly related to age or in those with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Download Full-text