Short-term test-retest-reliability of conditioned pain modulation using the cold-heat-pain method in healthy subjects and its correlation to parameters of standardized quantitative sensory testing

Purpose The objective of the current study was to investigate the short-term test–retest reliability of contralateral suppression (CS) of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) using commercially available otoacoustic emission equipment. Method Twenty-three young normal-hearing subjects were tested. An otoscopic evaluation, admittance measures, pure-tone audiometry, measurements of CEOAEs without and with contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) to determine CS were performed at baseline ( n = 23), an immediate retest without and with refitting of the probe (only CS of CEOAEs; n = 11), and a retest after 1 week ( n = 23) were performed. Test–retest reliability parameters were determined on CEOAE response amplitudes without and with CAS, and on raw and normalized CS indices between baseline and the other test moments. Results Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated no random or systematic changes in CEOAE response amplitudes without and with CAS, and in raw and normalized CS indices between the test moments. Moderate-to-high intraclass correlation coefficients with mostly high significant between-subjects variability between baseline and each consecutive test moment were found for CEOAE response amplitude without and with CAS, and for the raw and normalized CS indices. Other reliability parameters deteriorated between CEOAE response amplitudes with CAS as compared to without CAS, between baseline and retest with probe refitting, and after 1 week, as well as for frequency-specific raw and normalized CS indices as compared to global CS indices. Conclusions There was considerable variability in raw and normalized CS indices as measured using CEOAEs with CAS using commercially available otoacoustic emission equipment. More research is needed to optimize the measurement of CS of CEOAEs and to reduce influencing factors, as well as to make generalization of test–retest reliability data possible.

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Development of a novel brief quantitative sensory testing protocol that integrates static and dynamic pain assessments: Test-retest performance in healthy adults

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnab290 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin J De Vita ◽

Katherine Buckheit ◽

Christina E Gilmour ◽

Dezarie Moskal ◽

Stephen A Maisto

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Sensory Testing ◽

Temporal Summation ◽

Pain Threshold ◽

Pain Modulation ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Dynamic Responses ◽

Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽

Sensory Testing ◽

Contact Heat ◽

Intraclass Correlations

Abstract Objective Quantitative sensory testing is an expanding pain research domain with numerous clinical and research applications. There is a recognized need for brief reliable quantitative sensory testing protocols that enhance assessment feasibility. This study aimed to integrate static (pain threshold, tolerance, suprathreshold) and dynamic (conditioned pain modulation, offset analgesia, temporal summation) pain reactivity measures into a brief 20-minute protocol that uses a single portable device. The test-retest performance of this optimized protocol was evaluated. Design Using a test-retest design, the brief quantitative sensory testing assessment was administered to participants on two occasions separated by exactly 7 days. Setting A clinical psychology research laboratory at Syracuse University. Subjects Participants were 33 healthy adults recruited from Syracuse University’s online research participation pool. Methods A portable computerized quantitative sensory testing device delivered contact-heat pain to assess static and dynamic pain measures in participants. Dynamic responses were continuously recorded using a computerized visual analog scale. Results Pain threshold, tolerance, and suprathreshold exhibited excellent reliability (intraclass correlations ranged from 0.80 to 0.83). Conditioned pain modulation, offset analgesia, temporal summation yielded reliability in the good to excellent range (intraclass correlations ranged from 0.66 to 0.71). Conclusions Findings suggested that this brief integrated QST protocol may reliably monitor human pain reactivity over brief periods. This protocol may enhance quantitative sensory testing feasibility in clinical and research settings.

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Short-term test–retest reliability of the ImPACT in healthy young athletes

Applied Neuropsychology Child ◽

10.1080/21622965.2017.1290529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 208-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanda M. O’Brien ◽

Joseph E. Casey ◽

Rachel M. Salmon

Keyword(s):

Young Athletes ◽

Short Term ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Short Term Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

The Impact

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Test–retest reliability of Quantitative Sensory Testing in knee osteoarthritis and healthy participants

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2011.02.009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 655-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

V. Wylde ◽

S. Palmer ◽

I.D. Learmonth ◽

P. Dieppe

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Quantitative Sensory Testing ◽

Sensory Testing ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Healthy Participants

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Reliability of Subjective Pain Ratings and Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Responses as Measures of Conditioned Pain Modulation

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2014/698246 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 93-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Carlo Jurth ◽

Benno Rehberg ◽

Falk von Dincklage

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Pain Modulation ◽

Hot Water ◽

Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽

Good Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Reflex Responses ◽

Pain Ratings ◽

Subjective Pain ◽

Test Retest Reliability

BACKGROUND: The endogenous modulation of pain can be assessed through conditioned pain modulation (CPM), which can be quantified using subjective pain ratings or nociceptive flexion reflexes. However, to date, the test-retest reliability has only been investigated for subjective pain ratings.OBJECTIVE: To compare the test-retest reliability of CPM-induced changes, measured using subjective pain ratings and nociceptive flexion reflexes, to provide a reliable scoring parameter for future studies.METHOD: A total of 40 healthy volunteers each received painful electrical stimuli to the sural nerve to elicit nociceptive flexion reflexes. Reflex sizes and subjective pain ratings were recorded before and during the immersion of the contralateral hand in hot water to induce CPM as well as innocuous water as control. Measurements were repeated in a retest 28 days later.RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients showed good test-retest reliabilities of CPM during the hot water stimulus for both scoring parameters. Subjective pain ratings also correlated between test and retest during the control stimulus.CONCLUSIONS: Subjective pain ratings and nociceptive flexion reflexes show comparable test-retest reliabilities, but they reflect different components of CPM. While subjective pain ratings appear to incorporate cognitive influences to a larger degree, reflex responses appear to reflect spinal nociception more purely.

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A Dutch version of a dual-task paradigm for measuring listening effort: a pilot study regarding its short-term test-retest reliability

B-ENT ◽

10.5152/b-ent.2021.20160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

Sofie Degeest ◽

◽

Paul Corthals ◽

Hannah Keppler ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Dual Task ◽

Short Term ◽

Dutch Version ◽

Listening Effort ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Short Term Test ◽

Dual Task Paradigm ◽

Test Retest Reliability

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TEMPORAL STABILITY OF THE FRANCIS SCALE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY AMONG 9- TO 11-YEAR-OLD ENGLISH CHILDREN: TEST-RETEST DATA OVER SIX WEEKS

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2006.34.9.1081 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 1081-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christopher Alan Lewis ◽

Sharon Mary Cruise ◽

Conor Mc Guckin ◽

Leslie J. Francis

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Old English ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Short Term ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Short Term Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Attitude Toward Christianity ◽

Very High ◽

Francis Scale

Recently two studies have reported on the test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity; however, these studies were limited to samples of university students. This study examined the temporal stability of both the 24- and 7-item versions of the junior version of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity (Francis, 1978; Francis, Greer, & Gibson, 1991) over a six-week period among a sample of 58 English children aged between 9 and 11 years old. Data demonstrated that stability across the two administrations was very high for both the 24- (r=.74) and 7-item (r=.67) versions, and there was no significant change between Time 1 and Time 2 for either version. These data support the short-term test-retest reliability of both the 24- and 7-item versions of the junior version of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity among children.

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