scholarly journals Easy and effective test to evaluate tear-film stability for self-diagnosis of dry eye syndrome: blinking tolerance time (BTT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Bin Hwang ◽  
Yong Ho Ku ◽  
Eun Chul Kim ◽  
Hyun Seung Kim ◽  
Man Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tolerance Time ◽  
Tear Film Stability

Abstract Background The tear film breakup time (tBUT) is a clinical evaluation of evaporative dry eye disease assessed by instilling topical fluorescein into the eyes. In the present study, we introduce a new diagnostic test, blinking tolerance time (BTT), for self-evaluation of tear-film stability. We compared the results with the tBUT and validated the BTT test for self-assessment of tear film instability. Methods This was a prospective controlled study involving 212 eyes of 106 participants 20–79 years of age. A total of 114 eyes of 57 dry eye patients and 98 eyes of 49 healthy subjects were included in the study. All patients and subjects were administered the following tests to diagnose dry eye disease: Ocular Surface Disease Index, BTT, tBUT, slit-lamp examination, corneal stain score, and Schirmer I test (without anesthesia). Patients and subjects were instructed not to blink for as long possible after reset blinking. The time interval between the reset blink and the next blink was measured. The mean of 3 tBUT values in both the right and left eyes was defined as tBUTBE. Correlations between the BTT and tBUTBE were also evaluated. To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the BTT and tBUT tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to obtain a cutoff score, and the sensitivities of the tests against the specificity at all possible thresholds were plotted. Results Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant weakly positive correlation between BTT and tBUTBE (r = 0.447; p = 0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the tBUT was 0.679 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.575–0.765) and the ICC of the BTT was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.867–0.932). The area under the ROC curve did not significantly differ between the tBUTBE (0.678) and BTT (0.628, p = 0.641). When the cutoff value of the BTT test was set to 8.1 s, the sensitivity was 63.3% and the specificity was 56.1%. Conclusion The BTT test is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for self-diagnosing dry eye that can also be used in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Easy and effective test to evaluate tear-film stability for self-diagnosis of dry eye syndrome: Blinking tolerance time (BTT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Bin Hwang ◽  
Yong Ho Ku ◽  
Eun Chul Kim ◽  
Hyun Seung Kim ◽  
Man Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tolerance Time ◽  
Tear Film Stability

Abstract Background: The tear film breakup time (tBUT) is a clinical evaluation of evaporative dry eye disease assessed by instilling topical fluorescein into the eyes. In the present study, we introduce a new diagnostic test, blinking tolerance time (BTT), for self-evaluation of tear-film stability. We compared the results with the tBUT and validated the BTT test for self-assessment of tear film instability.Methods: This was a prospective controlled study involving 212 eyes of 106 participants 20–79 years of age. A total of 114 eyes of 57 dry eye patients and 98 eyes of 49 healthy subjects were included in the study. All patients and subjects were administered the following tests to diagnose dry eye disease: Ocular Surface Disease Index, BTT, tBUT, slit-lamp examination, corneal stain score, and Schirmer I test (without anesthesia). Patients and subjects were instructed not to blink for as long possible after reset blinking. The time interval between the reset blink and the next blink was measured. The mean of 3 tBUT values in both the right and left eyes was defined as tBUTBE. Correlations between the BTT and tBUTBE were also evaluated. To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the BTT and tBUT tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to obtain a cutoff score, and the sensitivities of the tests against the specificity at all possible thresholds were plotted.Results: Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant weakly positive correlation between BTT and tBUTBE (r = 0.447; p=0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the tBUT was 0.679 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.575–0.765) and the ICC of the BTT was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.867–0.932). The area under the ROC curve did not significantly differ between the tBUTBE (0.678) and BTT (0.628, p=0.641). When the cutoff value of the BTT test was set to 8.1 s, the sensitivity was 63.3% and the specificity was 56.1%.Conclusion: The BTT test is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for self-diagnosing dry eye that can also be used in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals An easy and effective test to evaluate tear film stability as a self diagnosis of dry eye syndrome: Blinking tolerance time (BTT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Bin Hwang ◽  
Yong Ho Ku ◽  
Eun Chul Kim ◽  
Hyun Seung Kim ◽  
Man Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tolerance Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tear Film Stability

Abstract Background: To introduce a new diagnostic test, blinking tolerance time (BTT) to evaluate tear film stability. We will compare it with tear break-up time (tBUT) and validate the value of the BTT as a new self-diagnostic tool for assessing tear film instability.Methods: This was a prospective controlled study involving 212 eyes of 106 participants aged 20–79 years. One hundred fourteen eyes of 57 dry eye patients and 98 eyes of 49 healthy subjects were included in the study. All patients and subjects were administered the following diagnostic tests of dry eye disease: Ocular Surface Disease Index, BTT, tBUT, slit lamp examination, corneal stain score, and Schirmer I test (without anesthesia). Patients and subjects were instructed to not to blinking as possible as he or she can after reset blinking. Examiner measure the time interval between reset blinking and next blinking. tBUTou was defined as the mean of the average of three tBUT values in the right and left eyes. Correlations between BTT and tBUTou were also evaluated. To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the BTT and tBUT, ROC curves were generated to obtain a cutoff score, and the sensitivities of the tests against the specificity at all possible thresholds were plotted.Results: Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a statistically significant, weakly positive correlation between BTT and tBUTOU (r = 0.447; p=0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the tBUT was 0.679 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.575–0.765) and the ICC of the BTT was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.867–0.932). The AUC of the tBUTOU was 0.678 and that of the BTT was 0.628. There was no statistically significant difference between these two AUC values (p=0.641). When the cutoff value of BTT was set to 8.1 sec, the sensitivity of the BTT was 63.3% and the specificity was 56.1%.Conclusion: As a simple and new self-diagnostic diagnosis of dry eye, BTT has diagnostic value in clinical practice. The BTT test has a unique advantage in that it can be used for self-diagnostic diagnosis of dry eye. The BTT test can also be widely used in the clinical setting because it is an inexpensive and simple procedure.

Effect of Face Mask on Tear Film Stability in Eyes With Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease

Cornea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Arriola-Villalobos ◽  
Barbara Burgos-Blasco ◽  
Beatriz Vidal-Villegas ◽  
Carlos Oribio-Quinto ◽  
Mayte Ariño-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tear Film Stability

scholarly journals The correction of conjunctivochalasis using high-frequency radiowave electrosurgery improves dry eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Woo Ji ◽  
Hyojin Seong ◽  
Sujung Lee ◽  
Mutlaq Hamad Alotaibi ◽  
Tae-im Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Staining Score

AbstractWe aimed to determine the clinical impact of conjunctivochalasis (CCh) and its correction using high-frequency radiowave electrosurgery (HFR-ES), for signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Forty patients diagnosed with symptomatic CCh were prospectively enrolled. As a result, patients with CCh had moderate to severe DED and most of them exhibited meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Corneo-conjunctival fluorescein staining score (CFS) and all lid-parallel-conjunctival-folds scores (LIPCOFs) were positively correlated. Nasal LIPCOF significantly correlated with symptoms and tear volume. Central, temporal, and total LIPCOF significantly correlated with MG loss, MGD stage, and lipid layer thickness. Independent significant factors associated with total LIPCOF included CFS, tear break-up time, and MGD stage. One month following HFR-ES, CCh was completely resolved in all cases. Patient age and preoperative nasal LIPCOF were determinants of outcomes associated with postoperative improvements in symptoms. Ocular surface parameters significantly improved, but MGD-related signs did not. Collectively, CCh associated with MGD severity deteriorates not only tear film stability and reservoir capacity, leading to DED exacerbation. Therefore, CCh should be corrected in patients with DED and MGD. Younger patients with nasal CCh are likely to experience more symptomatic relief after HFR-ES. Particularly, management for MGD should be maintained after CCh correction.

scholarly journals Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Ming-Tse Kuo ◽  
Po-Chiung Fang ◽  
Shu-Fang Kuo ◽  
Alexander Chen ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Tear Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Surface Performance

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

A distinct cytokines profile in tear film of dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection

Cytokine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Agrawal ◽  
Praveen Kumar Balne ◽  
Anuradha Veerappan ◽  
Veonice Bijin Au ◽  
Bernett Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease

scholarly journals Cationic Thiolated Poly(aspartamide) Polymer as a Potential Excipient for Artificial Tear Formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Budai-Szűcs ◽  
Gabriella Horvát ◽  
Barnabás Áron Szilágyi ◽  
Benjámin Gyarmati ◽  
András Szilágyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Disulphide Bond Formation ◽  
Polymer Bearing

Dry eye disease is a relatively common ocular problem, which causes eye discomfort and visual disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The aim of this study was to find a possible excipient for eye drop formulations, which is able to stabilize the tear film. A cationic thiolated polyaspartamide polymer, poly[(N-mercaptoethylaspartamide)-co-(N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethyl)aspartamide)] (ThioPASP-DME), was used as a potential vehicle. Besides satisfying the basic requirements, the chemical structure of ThioPASP-DME is similar to those of ocular mucins as it is a protein-like polymer bearing a considerable number of thiol groups. The solution of the polymer is therefore able to mimic the physiological properties of the mucins and it can interact with the mucus layer via disulphide bond formation. The resultant mucoadhesion provides a prolonged residence time and ensures protective effect for the corneal/conjunctival epithelium. ThioPASP-DME also has an antioxidant effect due to the presence of the thiol groups. The applicability of ThioPASP-DME as a potential excipient in eye drops was determined by means of ocular compatibility tests and through examinations of the interactions with the mucosal surface. The results indicate that ThioPASP-DME can serve as a potential eye drop excipient for the therapy of dry eye disease.

scholarly journals Tear film osmolarity and dry eye disease: a review of the literature

2015 ◽  
pp. 2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Potvin ◽  
Sarah Makari ◽  
Christopher Rapuano
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Review Of The Literature
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