Changes in event-related potentials in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their siblings

AbstractBackgroundCognitive deficits are already present in early stages of schizophrenia. P3a and P3b event-related potentials (ERPs) are believed to underlie the processes of attention and working memory (WM), yet limited research has been performed on the associations between these parameters. Therefore, we explored possible associations between P3a/b amplitudes and cognition in a large cohort of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES) patients and healthy controls (HC).MethodsSeventy-three AN-FES patients and 93 age- and gender-matched HC were assessed for their P3a/b amplitude with an auditory oddball paradigm. In addition, subjects performed several subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).ResultsAN-FES patients had significantly reduced P3a/b amplitudes, as well as significantly lower scores on all cognitive tests compared with HC. Total group correlations revealed positive associations between P3b amplitude and WM and sustained attention and negative associations with all reaction time measures. These associations appeared mainly driven by AN-FES patients, where we found a similar pattern. No significant associations were found between P3b amplitude and cognitive measures in our HC. P3a amplitude did not correlate significantly with any cognitive measures in either group, nor when combined.ConclusionsOur results provide further evidence for P3a/b amplitude deficits and cognitive deficits in AN-FES patients, which are neither due to antipsychotics nor to disease progress. Furthermore, our data showed significant, yet weak associations between P3b and cognition. Therefore, our data do not supply evidence for deficient P3a/b amplitudes as direct underlying factors for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

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Deficit Effect Sizes and Correlations of Auditory Event-Related Potentials at First Hospitalization in the Schizophrenia Spectrum

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/1550059419868115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 198-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dean F. Salisbury ◽

Justine Kohler ◽

Martha E. Shenton ◽

Robert W. McCarley

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

First Episode ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Z Scores ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia ◽

Conscious Attention

The N1, P2, and P3 event-related potentials (ERPs) are impaired in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz). Reduced pitch-deviant mismatch negativity (MMN) is present in chronic schizophrenia but not FESz. We examined effect sizes of, and correlations between, N1, P2, P3, and MMN in 106 FESz and 114 matched psychiatrically well controls to determine which ERPs maximally differentiated groups, and whether late sensory/perceptual deficits (N1, P2) affected preattentive memory (MMN) and conscious attention (P3). Furthermore, we compared hallucinators and nonhallucinators within FESz. Participants completed 1 of 3 oddball tasks, silently counting target tones among standard tones. Sixty-seven FESz and 72 matched participants also completed pitch-deviant MMN testing. Measures were z-scored from task appropriate controls before merging samples. Mean z-scores for N1, P2, and P3 were significantly abnormal in FESz, while pitch-deviant MMN was not. N1 showed the largest deficit ( z = 0.53), and only N1 was smaller in hallucinators (n = 71) than nonhallucinators (n = 27). Among all participants, early sensory processing (N1, P2) correlated with later cognitive processing (P3), and P2 and P3 also correlated with automatic preattentive memory (pitch-deviant MMN). In well individuals, N1 was associated with MMN. These data are consistent with bottom-up sensory/perceptual processes affecting more cognitive processes. However, N1 and MMN were not associated in FESz, suggesting different auditory cortex physiology underlie these ERPs, which is differentially affected in FESz. Larger P2 and P3 with greater estimated premorbid intellect in patients indicate a possible neuroprotective effect of intellect in FESz.

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Clinical high risk and first episode schizophrenia: Auditory event-related potentials

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging ◽

10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.11.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 231 (2) ◽

pp. 126-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elisabetta C. del Re ◽

Kevin M. Spencer ◽

Naoya Oribe ◽

Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately ◽

Jill Goldstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

First Episode ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Auditory Event ◽

Related Potentials ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia ◽

Auditory Event Related Potentials

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A Preliminary Study of P200 in First-episode Patients, their Relatives and Healthy Controls: Search of New Endophenotypes

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70586-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

C. Silveira ◽

F. Santos ◽

F. Barbosa ◽

A. Pedro ◽

A. Palha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potentials ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Group ◽

Auditory Oddball ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The Relationship

Background/Objective:Despite the well established genetic basis of schizophrenia, the relationship between genes and the disorder itself is still elusive. Individual endophenotypes, which reduce the complexity of genetic analyses, allow statistical approaches with quantitative trait methodologies. P200 abnormalities of event-related potentials have been reported in schizophrenia with conflicting results. The present study aims to characterize the P200 in first-episode patients and to compare it with that of first-degree relatives and controls.Methods:ERPs were recorded at 19 sites with an auditory oddball for 21 first-episode patients with schizophrenia (mean age=25.14; SD=6.20), 41 of their first degree relatives (mean age=47.65; SD=15.53) and 19 healthy controls (mean age=26.32; SD=7.16). Potentials were averaged for frequent stimuli and P200 amplitude and latency measures were obtained.Results:Analysis of midline electrodes revealed significant group effects for P200 peak amplitudes (F(2, 78)=3.315, p=.042), but not for peak latencies. Post-hoc analyses revealed that patients with schizophrenia present significantly lower P200 amplitudes (M=2.466; SD=1.564) than controls (M=5.037; SD=2.500) at Pz (T(38)=3.851, p=.003). No other significant differences were found.Conclusion:The results obtained do not straight-forwardly support the P200 peak amplitude nor peak latency as an endophenotype of schizophrenia. However, the trends of our results may suggest that the P200 amplitudes of relatives may present intermediate values between healthy controls (with higher amplitudes) and patients (with lower amplitudes). Further statistical analyses will be required in order to disentangle the effects of possible confounding variables.

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Auditory Mismatch Negativity and P300a Elicited by the “Optimal” Multi-feature Paradigm in Early Schizophrenia

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/1550059418761459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 238-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Derek J. Fisher ◽

Debra J. Campbell ◽

Shelagh C. Abriel ◽

Emma M. L. Ells ◽

Erica D. Rudolph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Early Phase ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Positive Symptom ◽

First Episode ◽

Stimulus Context ◽

Significant Group ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Auditory Change Detection

The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an EEG-derived event-related potential (ERP) elicited by any violation of a predicted auditory “rule,” regardless of whether one is attending to the stimuli and is thought to reflect updating of the stimulus context. Redirection of attention toward a rare, distracting stimulus event, however, can be measured by the subsequent P3a component of the P300. Chronic schizophrenia patients exhibit robust MMN deficits, as well as reductions in P3a amplitude. While, the substantial literature on the MMN in first-episode and early phase schizophrenia in this population reports reduced amplitudes, there also exist several contradictory studies. Conversely, P3a reduction in this population is relatively consistent, although the literature investigating this is small. The primary goal of this study was to contribute to our understanding of whether auditory change detection mechanisms are altered in early phase schizophrenia and, if so, under what conditions. Event-related potentials elicited by duration, frequency, gap, intensity, and location deviants (as elicited by the “optimal” multi-feature paradigm) were recorded in 14 early phase schizophrenia (EP) patients and 17 healthy controls (HCs). Electrical activity was recorded from 15 scalp electrodes. MMN/P3a amplitudes and latencies for each deviant were compared between groups and were correlated with clinical measures in EPs. There were no significant group differences for MMN amplitudes or latencies, though EPs did exhibit reduced P3a amplitudes to gap and duration deviants. Furthermore, PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) positive symptom scores were correlated with intensity MMN latencies and duration P3a amplitudes in EPs. These findings suggest that MMNs may not be as robustly reduced in early phase schizophrenia (relative to chronic illness), but that alterations may be more likely in patients with increased positive symptomatology. Furthermore, these findings offer further support to previous work suggesting that the understudied P3a may have good complementary utility as a marker of early cortical dysfunction in psychosis.

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Auditory event-related potentials, neurocognition, and global functioning in drug naïve first-episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721002130 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaojing Li ◽

Wei Deng ◽

Rui Xue ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Hongyan Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

First Episode ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Global Functioning ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Drug Naïve

Abstract Background Deficits in event-related potential (ERP) including duration mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a have been demonstrated widely in chronic schizophrenia (SZ) but inconsistent findings were reported in first-episode patients. Psychotropic medications and diagnosis might contribute to different findings on MMN/P3a ERP in first-episode patients. The present study examined MMN and P3a in first episode drug naïve SZ and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients and explored the relationships among ERPs, neurocognition and global functioning. Methods Twenty SZ, 24 BPD and 49 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Data of clinical symptoms [Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)], neurocognition [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CCFT), Delay Matching to Sample (DMS), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP)], and functioning [Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST)] were collected. P3a and MMN were elicited using a passive auditory oddball paradigm. Results Significant MMN and P3a deficits and impaired neurocognition were found in both SZ and BPD patients. In SZ, MMN was significantly correlated with FAST (r = 0.48) and CCFT (r = −0.31). In BPD, MMN was significantly correlated with DMS (r = −0.54). For P3a, RVP and FAST scores were significant predictors in SZ, whereas RVP, WAIS and FAST were significant predictors in BPD. Conclusions The present study found deficits in MMN, P3a, neurocognition in drug naïve SZ and BPD patients. These deficits appeared to link with levels of higher-order cognition and functioning.

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