scholarly journals Characteristics, motivations and experiences of volunteer befrienders for people with mental illness: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Toner ◽  
Lauren M. Hickling ◽  
Mariana Pinto da Costa ◽  
Megan Cassidy ◽  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
People With Mental Illness

scholarly journals The use of pasung for people with mental illness: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Taufik Hidayat ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Eimear Muir-Cochrane ◽  
Candice Oster
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Abstract Background Pasung is the term used in Indonesia and a number of other countries for seclusion and restraint of people with mental illness in the community, usually at home by their family. While pasung has been banned because it is contrary to human rights, its practice continues to exist within the community, particularly where community mental health services are limited, and in the absence of adequate social support, and pervasive negatives beliefs about mental illness. It is essential to understand the reasons for the ongoing use of pasung and to examine potential solutions. Methods A systematic review and narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed international literature was conducted to identify the socio-cultural contexts for pasung use, and interventions to address it. The analysis draws on the socio-ecological framework, which focused on relationships between the individual and their environment. Result Fifty published articles were included in the review; all studies were conducted in Asia and Africa, with 32 undertaken in Indonesia. Most studies were qualitative (n = 21). Others included one case–control study, one cross-sectional study, and seven surveys; only four studies examined the application of an intervention, and each used a pre and post methodology. Of these, two studies tested psychoeducational interventions which aimed to overcome family burden due to pasung, and each suggested a community mental health approach. The remaining two studies evaluated the intervention of ‘unlocking’; one study used a community-based culturally sensitive approach, and the other used a community-based rehabilitation program. Reasons for pasung given by family appear to be as a last resort and in the absence of other supports to help them care for the person with severe mental illness. Conclusion The findings highlight that a mixture of individual, interpersonal, community and policy interventions are needed to reduce the use of pasung. While consumer and carer involvement as part of a socio-ecological approach is understood to be effective in reducing pasung, an understanding of how to elaborate this in the management of pasung remains elusive. Review Registration CRD42020157543: CRD

scholarly journals Non-pharmacological interventions for reducing aggression and violence in serious mental illness: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rampling ◽  
V Furtado ◽  
C Winsper ◽  
S Marwaha ◽  
G Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Manual Search

AbstractBackgroundFor people with mental illness that are violent, a range of interventions have been adopted with the aim of reducing violence outcomes. Many of these interventions have been borrowed from other (offender) populations and their evidence base in a Serious Mental Illness (SMI) population is uncertain.AimsTo aggregate the evidence base for non-pharmacological interventions in reducing violence amongst adults with SMI and PD (Personality Disorder), and to assess the efficacy of these interventions. We chose to focus on distinct interventions rather than on holistic service models where any element responsible for therapeutic change would be difficult to isolate.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and narrative synthesis of non-pharmacological interventions intended to reduce violence in a SMI population and in patients with a primary diagnosis of PD. Five online databases were searched alongside a manual search of seven relevant journals, and expert opinion was sourced. Eligibility of all returned articles was independently assessed by two authors, and quality of studies was appraised via the Cochrane Collaboration Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias.ResultsWe included 23 studies of diverse psychological and practical interventions, with a range of experimental and quasi-experimental study designs that included 7 Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs). The majority were studies of Mentally Disordered Offenders. The stronger evidence existed for patients with a SMI diagnosis receiving Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or modified Reasoning & Rehabilitation (R&R). For patients with a primary diagnosis of PD, a modified version of R&R appeared tolerable and Enhanced Thinking Skills showed some promise in improving attitudes over the short-term, but studies of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy in this population were compromised by high risk of experimental bias. Little evidence could be found for non-pharmacological, non-psychological interventions.ConclusionsThe evidence for non-pharmacological interventions for reducing violence in this population is not conclusive. Long-term outcomes are lacking and good quality RCTs are required to develop a stronger evidence base.

scholarly journals Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of mental illness: Systematic review of population studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Angermeyer ◽  
Anita Holzinger ◽  
Mauro G. Carta ◽  
Georg Schomerus
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
General Public ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BackgroundBiological or genetic models of mental illness are commonly expected to increase tolerance towards people with mental illness, by reducing notions of responsibility and blame.AimsTo investigate whether biogenetic causal attributions of mental illness among the general public are associated with more tolerant attitudes, whether such attributions are related to lower perceptions of guilt and responsibility, to what extent notions of responsibility are associated with rejection of people who are mentally ill, and how prevalent notions of responsibility are among the general public with regard to different mental disorders.MethodA systematic review was conducted of representative population studies examining attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about such disorders.ResultsWe identified 33 studies relevant to this review. Generally, biogenetic causal attributions were not associated with more tolerant attitudes; they were related to stronger rejection in most studies examining schizophrenia. No published study reported on associations of biogenetic causal attributions and perceived responsibility. The stereotype of self-responsibility was unrelated to rejection in most studies. Public images of mental disorder are generally dominated by the stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness, whereas responsibility is less relevant.ConclusionsBiogenetic causal models are an inappropriate means of reducing rejection of people with mental illness.

Innovative Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías E. Rodríguez-Rivas ◽  
Adolfo J. Cangas ◽  
Laura A. Cariola ◽  
Jorge J. Varela ◽  
Sara Valdebenito
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BACKGROUND Stigma towards people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the affected individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. OBJECTIVE To systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions and on stigmatization levels. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA guidelines, and included studies in English and Spanish published during the years 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in five different databases (i.e., Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, extracted data, and rated methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Based on the 1,158 articles screened, 72 articles were evaluated as full text, of which 9 articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A diversity of interventions was observed, including video games, audiovisual simulation of hallucinations, virtual reality, and electronic contact with mental health services users. The meta-analysis (n= 1,832 participants) demonstrated that these interventions had a consistent medium effect on reducing the level of public stigma (d=–0.64 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Innovative interventions involving the use of technologies are an effective tool in stigma reduction, therefore new challenges are proposed and discussed for the demonstration of their adaptability to different contexts and countries, thus leading to their massification.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of multidisciplinary psychiatric home treatment for elderly patients with mental illness: a systematic review of empirical studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klug ◽  
Manuela Gallunder ◽  
Gerhard Hermann ◽  
Monika Singer ◽  
Günter Schulter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older People ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Abstract Background The vast majority of older people with mental illness prefer to live independently in their own homes. Barriers caused by the health care system often prevent adequate, adapted treatments. With regard to the increasing ageing of the population, the determination of effective, age-appropriate service models for elderly patients with mental illness is clearly required. The aim of this review is to examine and to evaluate multidisciplinary psychogeriatric treatment models that include home visits, particularly with regard to the effects on psychiatric symptoms, social and mental health rehabilitation and quality of life. Methods A systematic review was carried out of empirical studies with participants who were diagnosed with a mental illness according to ICD-10, aged 60 years or older, and who were living at home. The inclusion criteria comprised a duration of intervention of at least 12 weeks and a minimum of two interventions and domiciliary visits delivered by a multidisciplinary team. The online databases Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar, as well as hand search, were used to search for relevant studies published between 1996 and 2016. An additional search was performed for studies published between 2016 and 2019. After removing duplicates, abstracts were screened and the remaining articles were included for full-text review. Results Of the 3536 records discovered in total, 260 abstracts appeared to be potentially eligible. Of these, 30 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. For the additional search 415 records and abstracts were screened and 11 articles were read full text. Finally, only three studies fully met the inclusion criteria for this review. The results indicate that psychogeriatric home treatment is associated with significant improvements of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems, fewer admissions to hospital and nursing homes, as well as lower costs of care. Conclusions Psychogeriatric home treatment has positive effects on older people with mental illness. However, these findings are based upon a small number of studies. The need for further research, especially to specify the effective factors in psychogeriatric home treatment, is clearly indicated.

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