scholarly journals Knowledge gain and usage of knowledge learned during internet-based CBT treatment for adolescent depression - a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Berg ◽  
Anna Malmquist ◽  
Alexander Rozental ◽  
Naira Topooco ◽  
Gerhard Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Present Life

Abstract Background The role of explicit learning of treatment content in internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment (ICBT) is an emerging field of research. The objective of this study was to explore clients experiences of their ICBT treatment for depression with a focus on knowledge gain and usage of knowledge learned during treatment. Methods A strategic sample of ten adolescents, aged between 15 and 19 years, who had received ICBT for major depression within a clinical controlled trial were recruited for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 6 months following trial completion. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. The participants had a general adherence rate of 6–8 opened modules out of 8 possible. Results Two main themes were identified; “Active agents of CBT” and “Passive agents of CBT”, with each theme consisting of three and two sub-themes. Active agents of CBT reflect a tendency to specifically remember and actively apply specific CBT principles in present life situations. Passive agents of CBT reflect a tendency to remember CBT treatment principles vaguely and express a passive or reactive usage of learned therapy content. Conclusion The findings suggest that young clients can remember and apply CBT principles 6 months after their treatment. However, while experiencing benefits of treatment, clients recall and application of treatment strategies vary. The study emphasizes the importance of exploring client recall of CBT components and how valuable it is to explicitly remember contents of a treatment in order to improve and maintain improvement. Further studies on the role of knowledge and memory of ICBT for adolescent populations are warranted.

Trends in Brachial Plexus Surgery: Characterizing Contemporary Practices for Exploration of Supraclavicular Plexus

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472110146
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Hill ◽  
Steven T. Lanier ◽  
Liz Rolf ◽  
Aimee S. James ◽  
David M. Brogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Distal Nerve

Background There is variability in treatment strategies for patients with brachial plexus injury (BPI). We used qualitative research methods to better understand surgeons’ rationale for treatment approaches. We hypothesized that distal nerve transfers would be preferred over exploration and nerve grafting of the brachial plexus. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with BPI surgeons to discuss 3 case vignettes: pan-plexus injury, upper trunk injury, and lower trunk injury. The interview guide included questions regarding overall treatment strategy, indications and utility of brachial plexus exploration, and the role of nerve grafting and/or nerve transfers. Interview transcripts were coded by 2 researchers. We performed inductive thematic analysis to collate these codes into themes, focusing on the role of brachial plexus exploration in the treatment of BPI. Results Most surgeons routinely explore the supraclavicular brachial plexus in situations of pan-plexus and upper trunk injuries. Reasons to explore included the importance of obtaining a definitive root level diagnosis, perceived availability of donor nerve roots, timing of anticipated recovery, plans for distal reconstruction, and the potential for neurolysis. Very few explore lower trunk injuries, citing concern with technical difficulty and unfavorable risk-benefit profile. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that supraclavicular exploration remains a foundational component of surgical management of BPI, despite increasing utilization of distal nerve transfers. Availability of abundant donor axons and establishing an accurate diagnosis were cited as primary reasons in support of exploration. This analysis of surgeon interviews characterizes contemporary practices regarding the role of brachial plexus exploration in the treatment of BPI.

scholarly journals Qualitative evaluation of a preventive intervention for the offspring of parents with a history of depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Claus ◽  
Lisa Marzano ◽  
Johanna Loechner ◽  
Kornelija Starman ◽  
Alessandra Voggt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials suggest that psychological interventions to reduce children’s risk of depression are effective. Nevertheless, these effects are modest and diminish over time. The Medical Research Council recommends a mixed-methods approach to the evaluation of complex interventions. By gaining a more thorough understanding of participants’ perspectives, qualitative evaluations of preventive interventions could improve their efficacy, longevity and transfer into clinical practice. Methods 18 parents and 22 children who had received a 12-session family- and group-based cognitive-behavioural intervention to prevent youth depression as part of a randomised controlled trial took part in semi-structured interviews or a focus group about aspects which had been perceived as helpful, elements they were still using after the intervention had ended, and suggestions they had for improving the intervention. Results The chance to openly share and discuss their experiences of depression within and between families was considered helpful by both children and parents. Children benefitted the most from learning coping strategies for dealing with stress and many still used them in everyday life. Parents profited mostly from increasing positive family time, but noted that maintaining new routines after the end of the intervention proved difficult. Participants were generally content with the intervention but commented on how tiring and time consuming it was. Conclusions Managing parents’ expectations of family-based interventions in terms of their own mental health needs (versus those of their children) and leaving more room for open discussions may result in interventions which are more appealing to participating families. Increasing intervals between sessions may be one means of improving the longevity of interventions. Trial registration The original RCT this evaluation is a part of was registered under NCT02115880.

Internet-Based Self-Help Training for Children and Adolescents with Recurrent Headache: A Pilot Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Trautmann ◽  
Birgit Kröner-Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

AbstractWe report the results of a randomized controlled trial that compared the efficacy of an internet-based self-help treatment for paediatric headache including chat communication (cognitive-behavioural treatment, CBT) with an internet-based psychoeducation intervention (EDU). In the CBT group, significant pre- to post-treatment decreases were found for headache frequency and pain catastrophizing, but not for headache intensity or duration. In the EDU group none of the variables (frequency, intensity, duration, pain catastrophizing) showed improvement. No significant between group differences were found for headache variables and pain catastrophizing at post-treatment. The patients reported high satisfaction with the internet-based training and a good patient-trainer-alliance. Results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Due to the small sample size, no general conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of the internet-based training regarding the outcome variables, but the training was well accepted by patients. Further research is necessary to evaluate the therapeutic potential of such interventions.

A controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural and behavioural treatment of anorexia nervosa

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Channon ◽  
Padmal De Silva ◽  
David Hemsley ◽  
Rachel Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy and motivational intervention for schizophrenia and substance misuse

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Christine Barrowclough ◽  
Nicholas Tarrier ◽  
Jan Moring ◽  
Robert O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Motivational Intervention ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

BackgroundComorbid substance misuse in people with schizophrenia is associated with poor clinical and social outcomes. There are few studies of psychological treatments for this population and little long-term follow-up of their benefits.AimsTo investigate symptom, substance use, functioning and health economy outcomes for patients with schizophrenia and their carers 18 months after a cognitive–behavioural treatment (CBT) programme.MethodPatients with dual diagnosis from a randomised controlled trial of motivational intervention, individual CBT and family intervention were assessed on multiple outcomes at 18-month follow-up. Carers were assessed on symptom, functioning and needs over 12 months. Health economy data were collected over 18 months.ResultsThere were significant improvements in patient functioning compared with routine care over 18 months. No significant differences between treatment groups were found in carer or cost outcomes.ConclusionsThe treatment programme was superior to routine care on outcomes relating to illness and service use, and the cost was comparable to the control treatment.

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