The relationship between screen-based sedentary behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth: a systematic review of moderating variables

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, progressive and neurodegenerative disease. A disturbance on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be observed in patients with MS, showing altered cortisol levels. We aimed to identify basal cortisol levels and verify the relationship with clinical symptoms in patients with MS. A systematic search was conducted in the databases: Pubmed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. Both higher and lower cortisol levels were associated with MS. Higher cortisol levels were associated with depression and anxiety, while lower levels were associated with depression, fatigue and urinary dysfunction. Higher cortisol levels may be associated with the progression and severity of MS.

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Depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy ◽

10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tatiana Lins Carvalho ◽

Lilian Maria Sanguinett de Almeida ◽

Camila Maria Araújo Lorega ◽

Mirella Francyne Oliveira Barata ◽

Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Two Stages ◽

Different Levels ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Introduction Studies assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have reported contradictory results. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the prevalence of these mood disorders in the literature. Methods We searched the PubMed, HighWire, MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect databases. Literature was selected for review in two stages, according to eligibility criteria. The first stage involved searching databases and checking titles and abstracts. The second step consisted of reading complete articles and excluding those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were articles written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published in the last five years and involving people with ALS diagnosed according to the El Escorial criteria. Results The database searches returned a total of 1,135 titles and abstracts and then 1,117 of these were excluded. Eighteen articles were selected for review. The 12-item Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Depression Inventory (ADI-12) was the only instrument designed specifically to assess depression in ALS, but it was only used in three studies. No instruments specifically designed for anxiety in ALS were used. A large number of studies found presence and slight increase of anxiety disorders. There was considerable large variation in the results related to depressive disorders, ranging from moderate depression to an absence of symptoms. Conclusions Patients with ALS may exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety at different levels, but there is a need for studies using specific instruments with larger samples in order to ascertain the prevalence of symptoms in ALS and the factors associated with it.

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