Handedness in twins: meta-analyses

Background In the general population, 10.6% of people favor their left hand over the right for motor tasks. Previous research suggests higher prevalence of atypical (left-, mixed-, or non-right-) handedness in (i) twins compared to singletons, and in (ii) monozygotic compared to dizygotic twins. Moreover, (iii) studies have shown a higher rate of handedness concordance in monozygotic compared to dizygotic twins, in line with genetic factors playing a role for handedness. Methods By means of a systematic review, we identified 59 studies from previous literature and performed three sets of random effects meta-analyses on (i) twin-to-singleton Odds Ratios (21 studies, n = 189,422 individuals) and (ii) monozygotic-to-dizygotic twin Odds Ratios (48 studies, n = 63,295 individuals), both times for prevalence of left-, mixed-, and non-right-handedness. For monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs we compared (iii) handedness concordance Odds Ratios (44 studies, n = 36,217 twin pairs). We also tested for potential effects of moderating variables, such as sex, age, the method used to assess handedness, and the twins’ zygosity. Results We found (i) evidence for higher prevalence of left- (Odds Ratio = 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval = [1.26, 1.57]) and non-right- (Odds Ratio = 1.36, 95% Confidence Interval = [1.22, 1.52]), but not mixed-handedness (Odds Ratio = 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval = [0.52, 2.27]) among twins compared to singletons. We further showed a decrease in Odds Ratios in more recent studies (post-1975: Odds Ratio = 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval = [1.17, 1.45]) compared to earlier studies (pre-1975: Odds Ratio = 1.90, 95% Confidence Interval = [1.59–2.27]). While there was (ii) no difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins regarding prevalence of left- (Odds Ratio = 0.98, 95% Confidence Interval = [0.89, 1.07]), mixed- (Odds Ratio = 0.96, 95% Confidence Interval = [0.46, 1.99]), or non-right-handedness (Odds Ratio = 1.01, 95% Confidence Interval = [0.91, 1.12]), we found that (iii) handedness concordance was elevated among monozygotic compared to dizygotic twin pairs (Odds Ratio = 1.11, 95% Confidence Interval = [1.06, 1.18]). By means of moderator analyses, we did not find evidence for effects of potentially confounding variables. Conclusion We provide the largest and most comprehensive meta-analysis on handedness in twins. Although a raw, unadjusted analysis found a higher prevalence of left- and non-right-, but not mixed-handedness among twins compared to singletons, left-handedness was substantially more prevalent in earlier than in more recent studies. The single large, recent study which included birth weight, Apgar score and gestational age as covariates found no twin-singleton difference in handedness rate, but these covariates could not be included in the present meta-analysis. Together, the secular shift and the influence of covariates probably make it unsafe to conclude that twinning has a genuine relationship to handedness.

Do nutrition knowledge, food preferences, and habit strength moderate the association between Preference for Intuition and Deliberation in Eating Decision-making and dietary intake?

An intuitive style in eating decision-making, for example, basing decisions on one’s gut feeling, has been related to a less healthy diet, whereas deliberately deciding what to eat, such as making plans about eating behavior, has been related to a healthier diet. The present study investigated whether nutrition knowledge, food preferences, and habit strength for healthy and unhealthy eating moderate these relationships. In total, 1245 participants took part in a preregistered cross-sectional online survey. Results revealed that neither nutrition knowledge, nor liking of healthy or unhealthy foods, nor habit strength for healthy or unhealthy eating interacted with the preference for intuition or deliberation in eating decision-making in affecting dietary intake. Instead, including the potential moderating variables in analyses rendered the effect of a preference for intuition largely non-significant. In contrast, the positive effect of a preference for deliberation was largely stable even when including the potential moderating variables. Thus, the present study confirms the general health-promoting effect of a preference for deliberation in eating decision-making. In contrast, results speak in favor of a generally minor role of a preference for intuition for healthy or unhealthy eating.

Moderating emotional intelligence and religiusity on the effect of burnout on turnover intentions of tax consultant employees in Bali

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of burnout on the turnover intentions of tax consultant employees in Bali with emotional intelligence and religiosity as moderating variables. The location of the research was carried out at the Tax Consultant Office in the Bali Region as a representation of the Tax Consultant Office in Indonesia, which was registered with the Indonesian Tax Consultant Association (IKPI) in 2021 which was obtained through the websitewww.ikpi.or.id. The population in this study are all employees who work at the Tax Consultant Office registered at IKPI Bali Branch. The data analysis technique used the MRA test. The results of the study indicate that burnout has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention or in other words, increased burnout will increase turnover intention. The higher emotional intelligence is not able to reduce the high turnover intention due to the increased burnout of tax consultant employees. The interaction between burnout and emotional intelligence has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention or in other words, high emotional intelligence will reduce turnover intention due to increased burnout.

Bid-Ask Spread on Earnings Management with Good Corporate Governance as Moderation Variables: Banking Sector in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the bid-ask spread on earnings management and good corporate governance (GCG) as moderating variables. The research method used is a quantitatively descriptive research method that aims to examine the effect of bid-ask spread on the earning management moderated by GCG. The population in this study are banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). In this study, found that the sample was obtained using purposive sampling. So, the model in this study with 102 total samples. The analysis tool used is Warp-PLS 6.0. This study shows that the bid-ask spread significantly influences on earnings management of banking companies on the IDX in the years 2014-2020. GCG cannot the effects of bid-ask spreads on the earnings management of banking companies on the IDX in the years 2014-2020.

Gender and age in the language of social media: An easier way to build credibility

The use of celebrity endorsements is one of the most popular strategies used by companies today. Celebrities can bring product advantages through advertising and go beyond the complexities of competitive advertising communications. The company invests a large amount of money to get the attention of consumers and gain a competitive position in the market. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of celebrity trust on the credibility of advertisements, brands, and companies, then the influence between the credibility of advertisements, brands, and companies, and will also explore the role of gender and age as moderating variables. The study used a quantitative method, the sample was taken based on purposive sampling in Jakarta and used the artist with the most followers as the object of research who endorsed food and beverage companies. The results of this study explain that there is a significant influence between celebrity trust on all credibility, gender and age managed to moderate the influence of celebrity trust on credibility. This study provides input to managers and food and beverage companies in using endorsements on Instagram social media as their marketing strategy, especially for companies that have a market share of young people in accordance with the characteristics of the respondents in this study.

THE COMPLIANCE OF THE MANDALIKA SEZ COMMUNITY IN IMPLEMENTING THE COVID-19 PREVENTION HEALTH PROTOCOL WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AS MODERATING VARIABLES

COVID-19 diseases are a large family of viruses that cause respiratory infections, which can range from the common cold to more serious diseases and it harms all countries globally then designated as a global pandemic. Tourism is one of the sectors most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with restrictions imposed by many countries. The application of health protocols in public places such as tourism is expected to be an effort to prevent and control COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of people living in the Mandalika SEZ area in implementing the COVID-19 health protocol with knowledge and the social environment as moderating variables. This research is quantitative research with SEM analysis. The population in this study is people who live in the area around SEZ Mandalika, with a sample of 100 respondents. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire given to the respondents. Analysis of the data used in this study is path analysis. The results showed that there was an influence of community compliance in implementing health protocols, where the knowledge variable was able to strengthen the relationship between community compliance with the implementation of the Covid-19 health protocol, and social environmental factors were able to strengthen the relationship of community compliance in implementing the COVID-19 health protocol.

THE EFFECT of PROMOTION on IMPULSIVE BUYING with LIFESTYLE as a MODERATION VARIABLE on FASHION PRODUCTS in ONLINE SHOP SHOPEE

The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of promotion on impulsive buyers and to explain that people with high lifestyles often make impulse purchases. Sampling using incidental sampling technique, the number of respondents as many as 100 respondents. The data collection method used is the observation method and the questionnaire method. Analysis of the data used is a multiple linear regression analysis with moderating variables using the SPSS program. The results of the study prove that promotion has a direct effect on impulse buying and it is not proven that people with a high lifestyle are more likely to make impulsive purchases.

PENGARUH KEDISIPLINAN DAN EFIKASI GURU TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DIMODERASI SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH DI SMA KABUPATEN JEPARA

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of teacher discipline and efficacy on teacher performance moderated by the supervision of the principal at SMA Kabupaten Jepara. The population of high school teachers is approximately 709 more with accidental sampling. The sample is homogeneous as many as 95 teachers. The method used in data collection is using a questionnaire. The data collection technique was through the distribution of questionnaires with a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The method of data analysis was to describe the characteristics of the respondents including gender, age, education, class, and years of service. While the model analysis uses absolute difference moderation, namely the analysis of moderating variables by regressing the absolute difference. In the results 1) Discipline has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance 2) Teacher efficacy has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, 3) Principal supervision does not moderate the effect of discipline on teacher performance, and 4) Principal supervision does not moderate teacher efficacy on teacher performance. . Thus, similar research is still needed with different populations and samples. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kedisiplinan dan efikasi guru terhadap kinerja guru dimoderasi supervisi kepala sekolah di SMA Kabupaten Jepara. Populasi guru SMA kira-kira 709 lebih dengan pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Sampel bersifat homogin sebanyak 95 guru. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah menggunakan kuesener. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran angket kuesener dengan skala likert 1 sampai 5. Metode analisis data dengan mendeskriptifkan kharakteristik responden meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, golongan, dan masa kerja. Sementara analisis modelnya menggunakan moderasi selisih mutlak yakni analisis variabel moderasi dengan meregresikan selisih mutlak. Pada hasil 1) Kedisiplinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru 2) Efikasi guru berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru, 3) Supervisi kepala sekolah tidak memoderasi pengaruh kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja guru ,dan 4) Supervisi kepala sekolah tidak memoderasi efikasi guru terhadap kinerja guru. Dengan demikian masih diperlukan penelitian sejenis dengan populasi dan sampel berbeda.