scholarly journals Two communities, one highway and the fight for clean air: the role of political history in shaping community engagement and environmental health research translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Sprague Martinez ◽  
Noelle Dimitri ◽  
Sharon Ron ◽  
Neelakshi Hudda ◽  
Wig Zamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Political History ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Interactive Systems Framework ◽  
Dynamic Relationship

Abstract Background This paper explores strategies to engage community stakeholders in efforts to address the effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Communities of color and low-income communities are disproportionately impacted by environmental threats including emissions generated by major roadways. Methods Qualitative instrumental case study design was employed to examine how community-level factors in two Massachusetts communities, the City of Somerville and Boston’s Chinatown neighborhood, influence the translation of research into practice to address TRAP exposure. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework (ISF), we drew on three data sources: key informant interviews, observations and document reviews. Thematic analysis was used. Results Findings indicate political history plays a significant role in shaping community action. In Somerville, community organizers worked with city and state officials, and embraced community development strategies to engage residents. In contrast, Chinatown community activists focused on immediate resident concerns including housing and resident displacement resulting in more opposition to local municipal leadership. Conclusions The ISF was helpful in informing the team’s thinking related to systems and structures needed to translate research to practice. However, although municipal stakeholders are increasingly sympathetic to and aware of the health impacts of TRAP, there was not a local legislative or regulatory precedent on how to move some of the proposed TRAP-related policies into practice. As such, we found that pairing the ISF with a community organizing framework may serve as a useful approach for examining the dynamic relationship between science, community engagement and environmental research translation. Social workers and public health professionals can advance TRAP exposure mitigation by exploring the political and social context of communities and working to bridge research and community action.

scholarly journals Balancing Yin and Yang: the development of a framework using Participatory Action Research for the Translation and Implementation (Part 1) of new practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Anneke Fitzgerald ◽  
Rajna Ogrin ◽  
Kate Hayes ◽  
Joanne Curry ◽  
Kathy Eljis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Interactive Systems Framework ◽  
Implementation Framework

Context: Despite the demonstrable benefits of many healthcare innovations, embedding research findings into practice has been slow and sporadic. [1,2] Many implementation frameworks exist, however most havebeen criticised for not having a strong theoretical underpinning. This study addresses this gap by reviewing the current models to propose a new, theoretically driven framework for change management and translation. Methods: This study is reported in two parts. In part 1, a systematically-based literature review was undertaken. Following this, part 2 included conducting focus groups with academics to verify the model and provide feedback on the new framework. Findings: The gaps in current implementation frameworks identified include deficiencies in the areas of individual and social behaviour, participatory action, operationalisation and evaluation of the frameworks. The Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) [3] was used to provide the basis to develop a robust extended model, which addressed those areas that were identified as deficient in the current frameworks. By combining the best parts of extant models with a translation and implementation foci, we developed the PARTI model that is underpinned by commitment to change (Ying) and change fidelity (Yang) at each of its four stages, which included a behavioural questionnaire and implementation checklist. PARTI stands for Participatory Action Research, Translation and Implementation. Conclusions: The implementation of change in healthcare delivery is difficult and demanding, and healthcare managers look to change frameworks for guidance. The PARTI model has been developed to provide a systematic approach to implementing changed practices that is repeatable, reliable and scalable. Abbreviations: ISF – Interactive Systems Framework; PAR – Participatory Action Research; PARTI – Participatory Action Research for Translation and Implementation; QIF – Quality Implementation Framework; TDF – Theoretical Domains Framework.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: DIY Community Action: Neighbourhood problems and community self-help (by Liz Richardson)

2009 ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Jenny Wills
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Action ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Collaborative Community ◽  
Activist Groups

This book explores collaborative community engagement for local well-being initiatives, and is substantially based on the experiences and perspectives of activist groups in low-income neighbourhoods across the United Kingdom. It gives a voice to people in precarious communities and “helps to explain the strong desire that people feel to organize themselves at a level below that of official structures, no matter how low or lowly.”

A protocol for evaluating a multi-level implementation theory to scale up obstetric triage in referral hospitals in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Rain Williams ◽  
Stephanie Bogdewic ◽  
Medge Owen ◽  
Emmanuel K. Srofe ◽  
Rohit Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Interactive Systems Framework ◽  
Implementation Theory ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Background: Ghana significantly reduced maternal and newborn mortality between 1990 and 2015, largely through efforts focused on improving access to care. Yet achieving further progress requires improving the quality and timeliness of care. Beginning in 2013, Ghana Health Service and Kybele, a US-based non-governmental organization, developed an innovative obstetric triage system to help midwives assess, diagnosis, and determine appropriate care plans more quickly and accurately. In 2019, efforts began to scale this successful intervention into six additional hospitals. This protocol describes the theory-based implementation approach guiding scale-up and presents the proposed mixed-methods evaluation plan. Methods: An implementation theory was developed to describe how complementary implementation strategies would be bundled into a multi-level implementation approach. Drawing on the Interactive Systems Framework and Evidenced Based System for Implementation Support, the proposed implementation approach is designed to help individual facilities develop implementation capacity and also build a learning network across facilities to support the implementation of evidence-based interventions.A convergent design mixed methods approach will be used to evaluate implementation with relevant data drawn from tailored assessments, routinely collected process and quality monitoring data, textual analysis of relevant documents and WhatsApp group messages, and key informant interviews. Implementation outcomes of interest are acceptability, adoption, and sustainability.Discussion: The past decade has seen a rapid growth in the development of frameworks, models, and theories of implementation, yet there remains little guidance on how to use these to operationalize implementation practice. This study proposes one method for using implementation theory, paired with other kinds of mid-level and program theory, to guide the replication and evaluation of a clinical intervention in a complex, real-world setting. The results of this study should help to provide evidence of how implementation theory can be used to help close the “know-do” gap.

Families and Schools Together (FAST): Integrating Community Development with Clinical Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn McDonald ◽  
Stephe Billingham ◽  
Tammy Conrad ◽  
Arthur Morgan ◽  
O Nancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Child Functioning ◽  
School Based ◽  
Clinical Strategies ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Family Support Program

Families and Schools Together (FAST) is an early-intervention/prevention, collaborative, school-based, multifamily family-support program for elementary school children who have been identified by their teachers as having behavior problems. The program integrates concepts and practices of community organizing with effective clinical techniques based on family therapy and play therapy. Parent–professional partnership is used to engage low-income and isolated families into the eight-week program. Process and outcome evaluation indicate that children show statistically significant improvements in conduct disorder, anxiety/withdrawal, and attention span over time. In addition, two-year follow-up data suggest that child-functioning gains are maintained and that FAST parents become more involved at school, regularly see their FAST friends, begin employment after being on welfare, return for further education, and become involved in the community.

scholarly journals Rethinking the interplay between affluence and vulnerability to aid climate change adaptive capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Eriksen ◽  
Gregory L. Simon ◽  
Florian Roth ◽  
Shefali Juneja Lakhina ◽  
Ben Wisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Abstract Affluence and vulnerability are often seen as opposite sides of a coin—with affluence generally understood as reducing forms of vulnerability through increased resilience and adaptive capacity. However, in the context of climate change and an increase in associated hazards and disasters, we suggest the need to re-examine this dynamic relationship—a complex association we define here as the Affluence–Vulnerability Interface (AVI). We review research in different national contexts to show how a more nuanced understanding of the AVI can (a) problematize the notion that increasing material affluence necessarily has a mitigating influence on social vulnerability, (b) extend our analysis of social vulnerability beyond low-income regions to include affluent contexts and (c) improve our understanding of how psychosocial characteristics influence people’s vulnerability. Finally, we briefly outline three methodological approaches that we believe will assist future engagement with the AVI.

Defying Displacement: Organizing for a Beautiful Life in Flagstaff, Arizona

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Mundell ◽  
Lisa Hardy ◽  
Roxana De Niz ◽  
Michelle Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Community Collaboration ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Working Together ◽  
To Come

This article is a reflection on practice from anthropologists and community organizers working together to affect policy change related to health. In particular, we describe a successful organizing effort to oppose the displacement of low-income residents of a mobile home park. We argue that this victory was in part because of the approach of key members of the organizing coalition, who viewed the work of policy change as a process of leadership development and community collaboration rather than top-down advocacy. Here, we show the ways that an anthropological approach to policy change was built into the work of the coalition, intersecting with community organizing theories and methods. This has led to political change and an ongoing process of coalition-building and leadership development that has the potential to change public discussion and decision making on health-related issues for years to come.

scholarly journals Using the Interactive Systems Framework in Understanding the Relation Between General Program Capacity and Implementation in Afterschool Settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Halgunseth ◽  
Chakema Carmack ◽  
Sharon S. Childs ◽  
Linda Caldwell ◽  
Amanda Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Interactive Systems Framework ◽  
General Program ◽  
Program Capacity ◽  
Systems Framework

Levels of Employment and Community Engagement among Low-Income Adults: Implications for Medicaid Work Requirements

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1082
Author(s):  
Aparna Soni ◽  
Cong Gian ◽  
Kosali Simon ◽  
Benjamin D. Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Medicaid Beneficiaries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Us Census

Abstract Context: Twenty states are pursuing community engagement requirements (“work requirements”) in Medicaid, though legal challenges are ongoing. While most nondisabled low-income individuals work, it is less clear how many engage in the required number of hours of qualifying community engagement activities and what heterogeneity may exist by race/ethnicity, age, and gender. The authors' objective was to estimate current levels of employment and other community engagement activities among potential Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods: The authors analyzed the US Census Bureau's national time-use survey data for the years 2015 through 2018. Their main sample consisted of nondisabled adults between 19 and 64 years with family incomes less than 138% of the federal poverty level (N = 2,551). Findings: Nationally, low-income adults who might become subject to Medicaid work requirements already spent an average of 30 hours per week on community engagement activities. However, 22% of the low-income population—particularly women, older adults, and those with less education—would not currently satisfy a 20-hour-per-week requirement. Conclusions: Although the majority of potential Medicaid beneficiaries already meet community engagement requirements or are exempt, 22% would not currently satisfy a 20-hour-per-week requirement and therefore could be at risk for losing coverage.

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