The psychological impact of paediatric burn injuries: a systematic review

Abstract Objective To review and synthesise qualitative literature regarding the psychological outcomes following paediatric burn injuries, and to determine if children and adolescents who experience a burn injury have elevated risk of psychopathology following the injury. Design Systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Data sources Informit health, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from January 2010 to December 2020. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers screened articles, and one reviewer extracted data (with cross-checking from another reviewer) from the included studies and assessed quality using an established tool. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesise the findings from the quantitative studies, and thematic synthesis was used to synthesise the findings of included qualitative studies. Results Searches yielded 1240 unique titles, with 130 retained for full-text screening. Forty-five studies from 17 countries were included. The psychological outcomes included in the studies were mental health diagnoses, medication for mental illness, depression, anxiety, stress, fear, post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth, emotional issues, self-harm, self-esteem, self-concept, stigmatisation, quality of life, level of disability, resilience, coping, and suicidality. Conclusions Our findings highlight paediatric burn patients as a particularly vulnerable population following a burn injury. Studies suggest elevated anxiety and traumatic stress symptoms, and higher rates of psychopathology in the long-term. Further research is recommended to determine the psychological outcomes in the other mental health domains highlighted in this review, as findings were mixed. Clinical care teams responsible for the aftercare of burn patients should involve psychological support for the children and families to improve outcomes.

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The Psychological Impact of Paediatric Burn Injuries: a Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-839346/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alix Woolard ◽

Nicole T M Hill ◽

Matthew McQueen ◽

Lisa Martin ◽

Helen Milroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Post Traumatic

Abstract Title: The psychological impact of paediatric burn injuries: a systematic reviewObjective To review and synthesise qualitative literature regarding the psychological outcomes following paediatric burn injuries, and to determine if children and adolescents who experience a burn injury have elevated risk of psychopathology following the injury.Design: Systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Data sources: Informit health, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from January 2010 to December 2020.Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers screened articles, and one reviewer extracted data (with cross-checking from another reviewer) from the included studies and assessed quality using an established tool. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesise the findings from the quantitative studies, and thematic synthesis was used to synthesise the findings of included qualitative studies.Results: Searches yielded 1240 unique titles, with 130 retained for full-text screening. Forty-five studies from 17 countries were included. The psychological outcomes included in the studies were mental health diagnoses, medication for mental illness, depression, anxiety, stress, fear, post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth, emotional issues, self-harm, self-esteem, self-concept, stigmatisation, quality of life, level of disability, resilience, coping, and suicidality.Conclusions: Our findings highlight paediatric burn patients as a particularly vulnerable population following the burn injury. Studies suggest elevated anxiety and traumatic stress symptoms, and higher rates of psychopathology in the long-term. Further research is recommended to determine the psychological outcomes in the other mental health domains highlighted in this review, as findings were mixed.Clinical care teams responsible for the aftercare of burn patients should involve psychological support for the children and families to improve outcomes.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in adult Syrian refugees: What do we know?

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494819882137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 677-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emma k. Peconga ◽

Marie Høgh Thøgersen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic

Background: The crisis in Syria has resulted in vast numbers of refugees seeking asylum in Syria’s neighboring countries and Europe. Refugees are at considerable risk of developing common mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Since the war, no systematic review has been conducted regarding the prevalence of these in the Syrian refugee group. Research is needed to develop strategies to improve the integration of Syrian refugees. Objective: This study provides a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles that feature originally collected data regarding the prevalence of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in adult Syrian refugees. Methods: The authors searched online databases (PsychInfo, PubMed, PILOTS) for peer-reviewed articles that used validated screening tools to provide mental health prevalence rate estimates in adult Syrian refugees. This article explores potential sources of heterogeneity, including individual risk factors such as demographic and environmental variables. Results: In total, 15 eligible studies provided cross-sectional data for 8176 adult Syrian refugees resettled in 10 countries, with significant variation in assessment and sampling methods. Combined, these studies indicate prevalence rates of 43.0% (range: 23.4–83.4%) for post-traumatic stress, 40.9% (range: 20–44.1%) for depression, and 26.6% (range: 19.30–31.8%) for anxiety morbidity in adult Syrian refugees. Larger and more rigorous surveys reported similar prevalence rates to studies with less rigorous designs, but vast heterogeneity in prevalence of morbidity persisted among all. Conclusions: Syrian refugees could be over 10 times more likely to develop post-traumatic stress and other disorders than the general population. Although there are limitations when comparing studies with different research methodologies, the results of this study suggest increased focus on adequate mental health support is necessary.

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Neuronal Plasticity Associated with Burn Injury and Its Relevance for Perception and Management of Pain in Burn Patients

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2000/541502 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 205-213

Author(s):

Terence J Coderre ◽

Manon Choinière

Keyword(s):

Neuronal Plasticity ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Strong Support ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Pain Mechanisms ◽

Gate Control Theory

Through the introduction of the gate control theory and various subsequent works, Ronald Melzack has inspired many investigators worldwide to realize two important facts about pain. First, incoming pain messages are subject to both negative and positive modulation, which significantly affect its perception. Second, the progression of knowledge about the basic mechanisms underlying persistent and chronic pain is critically dependent on the increased understanding of the complexity of the symptoms experienced by pain patients. The present paper examines these two very important issues in an effort to understand better the mechanisms that underlie the pain suffered by burn patients. The physiological responses to burn injury involve many different mediators and mechanisms, all of which contribute to pain perception and development of neuronal plasticity underlying short and long term changes in pain sensitivity. While experimental burn injuries in humans and animals are typically well controlled and mild, in burn victims, the severity is much more variable, and clinical care involves repeated traumas and manipulations of the injured sites. Recurrent inputs from damaged and redamaged tissue impinge on a nervous system that becomes an active participant in the initiation of changes in sensory perception and maintenance of long term sensory disturbances. Recently acquired experimental evidence on postburn hyperalgesia, central hyperexcitability and changes in opioid sensitivity provides strong support that burn patients need an analgesic approach aimed at preventing or reducing the 'neural' memory of pain, including the use of more than one treatment modality. Burn injuries offer a unique opportunity to combine experimental and clinical research to understand pain mechanisms better. Over the years, Ronald Melzack has insisted that one of the most laudable enterprises in research is to span the gap between these two often separate worlds.

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The Impact of Natural Disaster on Mental Health of Victims Lives: Systematic Review

International Journal of Science and Society ◽

10.54783/ijsoc.v2i3.128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 65-85

Author(s):

Kristia Novia ◽

Tita Hariyanti ◽

Laily Yuliatun

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Natural Disaster ◽

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

The Impact

Natural disasters are still a matter of the world until today. The events pose not only physical impact but also psychological impacts that leave deep sorrow and fear. The survivors of the disaster felt they were at a very unsettled condition, felt very fearful, felt agitated for uncertain circumstances, and became very easily panicked until they could experience anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review aims to identify the impact–effects often posed by natural disasters on the soul health of survivors. Data searching is done on the Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct, Sage, and Scopus databases that were converged in the 2013 to 2019 ranges. The psychological impact experienced by the victims after natural disaster events are depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear, suicide experiments, and other mental health disorders such as mood changes and a loss of interest in an activity. Natural disasters can hurt the mental health of the victims. If the psychological problems that occur to the victims are not immediately addressed, the victims will fall on more mental severe disorder conditions.

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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners’ Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017902016010036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

Giacomo Gualtieri ◽

Fabio Ferretti ◽

Alessandra Masti ◽

Andrea Pozza ◽

Anna Coluccia

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Parental Incarceration ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic

Background: Parental incarceration can produce serious effects on the offspring’s mental health. The presence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in prisoners’ offspring is understudied and the few literature data showed heterogeneous evidence, with some studies suggesting that about 25% of prisoners’ offspring have PTSD and other reporting much lower prevalence rates around 2-3%. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis about PTSD in prisoners’ offspring. Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a first quantitative synthesis of the prevalence of the PTSD diagnosis in prisoners’ offspring. Moderator variables of the effect sizes were assessed, including offspring’s and parents’ gender, offspring’s generational cohort (children/adolescents versus adults), reasons for parental incarceration (political/war versus crime), and country type (Western versus Non-Western countries). Methods: A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they assessed the presence of a PTSD diagnosis in child, adolescent or adult offspring of prisoners through a diagnostic classification system, a clinician-administered interview or a self-report questionnaire, if they reported data necessary to calculate the effect sizes or the authors were available to provide them. Studies might have been based upon any design except review, single-case, case series, and case reports. Outcomes might have been measured at any time after parental incarceration. Parental imprisonment was defined as any kind of custodial confinement of a parent by the criminal justice system, including being held as a prisoner of war or for political reasons. Independent reviewers searched published/unpublished studies through electronic databases and additional sources and extracted the data. A random-effect meta-analysis was carried out by calculating the effect sizes as event rates. Heterogeneity was examined by the I2 and the Q statistics. Moderators were assessed through meta-regressions. Results: Six studies (2512 participants) were included. Fifteen percent of prisoners’ offspring had PTSD, as shown by a significant mean effect size of 0.14 without evidence of publication bias (95% CI: 0.081 – 0.249, p< 0.001). There were no significant differences on the mean effect sizes between the studies on adults and those on children/adolescents [Q(1) = 0.00, p = .999], between the studies on parents incarcerated for political/war reasons and those for crime [Q(1) = 0.00, p = .979], and between the studies conducted in Western and non-Western countries [Q(1) = 0.854, p = .355]. While offspring’s gender was not related to the effect sizes [β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 – 0.02, p = .452], parents’ gender was significantly and positively associated with the effect sizes suggesting that in studies with higher percentages of incarcerated mothers, the prevalence of offspring’s PTSD was higher [β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.0 – 0.01, p = .019]. Conclusion: PTSD is a serious mental health condition among prisoners’ offspring, particularly when mothers are incarcerated. The present findings point out the importance of thorough assessment and timely intervention/prevention strategies implemented by professionals of mental health settings and detention systems. The cross-sectional design of the studies does not allow causal conclusions to be drawn about the effect of parental incarceration as a risk factor for PTSD. Other variables related to parental incarceration may explain these findings. This limitation points out the importance of further longitudinal research.

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91 Current Practices and Beliefs Regarding Screening Burn Patients for Acute Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Survey of the American Burn Association

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S63-S63

Author(s):

Mallory B Smith ◽

Shelley A Wiechman ◽

Samuel P Mandell ◽

Nicole S Gibran ◽

Monica Vavilala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Provider Beliefs

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) after burn injury may be up to 30% and the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is as much as 40% at six months post-burn injury. The American Burn Association (ABA) published a consensus statement in 2013 recommending screening for ASD and PTSD in all patients with a burn injury. To our knowledge, the current practices of screening for ASD and PTSD in patients with burns is not known. This study aims to describe the current screening practices and provider beliefs regarding screening for stress disorders in burn patients in the US. Methods Interviews with psychologists and clinicians from our regional burn and injury center were utilized to generate a 31-question survey to assess burn center screening practices and provider beliefs regarding screening for ASD/PTSD. The Survey was approved by the ABA and distributed to its US membership in July 2020. Percentages of responses were generated, and chi-square tests were used to compare answers by profession type. Results There were 121 respondents out of 1500 recipients. The respondents were surgeons (27%), psychologists (6%), therapists or social workers (16%), nurses (31%), and advanced practice providers (13%). About half of the respondents (47%) worked at institutions that admit over 300 adult burn patients a year and had over 10 years of experience (52%). Seventy-five respondents (62%) indicated their institution formally screens for ASD and/or PTSD, 35 do not formally screen, and 11 respondents were unsure. Of the 35 centers that did not screen, the most common reason was a lack of mental healthcare providers (46%), lack of funding (26%) and lack of time (20%). The timing of screening, person administering the screening, and method of screening varied greatly across centers for pediatric and adult patients. Most respondents thought screening pediatric (83%) and adult (87%) patients with burns for ASD/PTSD was important, and 87% thought it should be standard of care. However, only 32% of respondents were comfortable screening pediatric patients and 62% were comfortable screening adults. Conclusions Whereas screening for ASD and PTSD is recommended for patients with burns, our study indicates that, despite general consensus that it should be, screening is not a current standard of care. Lack of mental health providers, funding, and time are contributing factors. Among those institutions that screen, a uniform screening protocol does not exist for pediatric or adult patients.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder and resilience among adult burn patients in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Burns & Trauma ◽

10.1186/s41038-018-0110-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Akhtar Bibi ◽

Sundas Kalim ◽

Muhammad Adnan Khalid

Keyword(s):

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Educational Background ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the major psychological disorders developed after burn injuries, though this subject of burn injuries and their destructive chronic psychological impact are not considered as thoughtfully in developing countries like Pakistan. Hence, the current study investigated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and resilience among burn patients in Pakistan, exploring the variance occurrence of the two variables concerning male burn patients and female burn patients. Methods Seventy burn patients from three burn units of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, during January 2015 to September 2015 were recruited. Patients with psychiatric disorder which would restrict the study procedures were excluded from the study. PTSD symptoms of burn patients were measured by PTSD CheckList-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and resilience was measured by Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation was used to analyze the relationship between symptoms of PTSD and resilience in burn patients, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze the gender difference in symptoms of PTSD and level of resilience. Results Negative correlation between PTSD and resilience among burn patients was found (r = − 0.72, p < 0.001). Moreover, significant gender differences were observed on PTSD symptoms and resilience between male and female burn patients when demographic variables such as age, socioeconomic status, marital status, and educational background were controlled. Female burn patients showed more PTSD symptoms (η2 = 0.18, p < 0.001) and less resilience (η2 = 0.25, p < 0.001) when compared to male burn patients. Conclusions PTSD and resilience were negatively correlated in burn patients. Female burn patients have more PTSD symptoms and lower resilience compared to male burn patients.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Findings in Longitudinal Studies

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838020976098 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152483802097609

Author(s):

Julia L. Paulson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Perinatal Mental Health ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic

The link between maternal violence exposure and adverse obstetric outcomes is well-documented, but less is understood about the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure and perinatal post-traumatic stress symptoms(PTSS) and depression in women around the world. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize empirical literature on the associations between IPV (e.g., before pregnancy, during pregnancy, postpartum) and post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms in the perinatal period. This review acknowledged the effects of IPV exposure timing, timing of assessment, and IPV subtypes. Forty-seven longitudinal studies met inclusion criteria and were reviewed to determine the effects of IPV exposure on perinatal mental health. Findings suggested a strong relationship between IPV exposure and perinatal mental health. Results were more consistent between perinatal mental health and IPV sustained close to or during the perinatal period than for lifetime IPV exposure. In general, physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were independently associated with perinatal depression and PTSS. Findings underscore the importance of theoretically driven research and the development of treatment protocols for women worldwide.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Burn Patients in a Tertiary Hospital

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v15i1.48636 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Md Iqbal Hasan ◽

Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽

Rukhsana Shaheen

Keyword(s):

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Social Life ◽

Family Income ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Medical College ◽

Post Traumatic

Introduction: Imbalance in multi-factorial components of human ecology plays a role in developing post-traumatic stress disorder hampering economical productivity and normal social life. Objectives: To find out the interplay of issues that are conducive to the outcome of the disorder among hospital admitted burn patients. Materials and Methods: This unobtrusive qualitative behavioral health research by in-depth interview was conducted among conveniently selected 35 burn patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh from July 2013 to June 2014. The data were analyzed to draw conclusion through etic and/or emic interpretation. All ethical issues were taken care of. Results: The highest 80% burn patients were married, 71% were male, and 80% were Muslim. Majority 37.14% were day laborer, 28.57% had completed primary education, 34.29% belonged to the age group 21-30 years, and 43% had monthly family income up to Tk. 10000. Of 41% burn occurring at home, majority 27% occurred during rice cooking, affecting the upper limb in 29% cases. Social dislocation was the major phenomena leading to burn injury in 22.86% of the patients. Lack of harmonious relationship and in-laws poking in conjugal life sometime led to deliberate infliction of burn. Conclusion: The study concluded with the suggestions for prevention of neoteric entry in the domain of post-traumatic stress disorder through social movement and psychotherapy of burn patients. Study also hinted for further probing of the phenomenon of the disorder. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 27-31

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Undetected post-traumatic stress disorder in secondary-care mental health services: systematic review

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2017.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 212 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Stan Zammit ◽

Catrin Lewis ◽

Sarah Dawson ◽

Hannah Colley ◽

Hannah McCann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Secondary Care ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic

BackgroundComorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poorer outcomes of other disorders, but is treatable.AimsTo estimate the frequency of clinically undetected PTSD in secondary care.MethodA systematic review of studies that screened for PTSD and reported on PTSD documentation in clinical records. Frequency of undetected PTSD was estimated, and reasons for heterogeneity explored.ResultsThe median proportion of participants with undetected PTSD (29 studies) was 28.6% (interquartile range 18.2–38.6%). There was substantial heterogeneity, with studies conducted in the USA and those with the highest proportions of in-patients and patients with psychotic disorder reporting higher frequencies of undetected PTSD.ConclusionsUndetected PTSD is common in secondary care, even if the true value is at the lower limit of the estimates reported here. Trials examining the impact of routine screening for PTSD are required to determine whether such programmes should be standard procedure for all mental health services.Declaration of interestNone.

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