scholarly journals From urban neighbourhood environments to cognitive health: a cross-sectional analysis of the role of physical activity and sedentary behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Cerin ◽  
Anthony Barnett ◽  
Jonathan E. Shaw ◽  
Erika Martino ◽  
Luke D. Knibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Environmental Attributes

Abstract Background There is a dearth of studies on the effects of the neighbourhood environment on adults’ cognitive function. We examined how interrelated aspects of the built and natural neighbourhood environment, including air pollution, correlate with adults’ cognitive function, and the roles of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in these associations. Methods We used data from 4,141 adult urban dwellers who participated in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle 3 study on socio-demographic characteristics, neighbourhood self-selection, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, and cognitive function. Neighbourhood environmental characteristics included population density, intersection density, non-commercial land use mix, and percentages of commercial land, parkland and blue space, all within 1 km residential buffers. We also calculated annual mean concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5. Generalised additive mixed models informed by directed acyclic graphs were used to estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of environmental attributes on cognitive functions and the joint-significance test was used to examine indirect effects via behaviours. Results In the total effects models, population density and percentage of parkland were positively associated with cognitive function. A positive association of PM2.5 with memory was also observed. All neighbourhood environmental attributes were directly and/or indirectly related to cognitive functions via other environmental attributes and/or physical activity but not sedentary behaviours. Engagement in transportation walking and gardening frequency partially mediated the positive effects of the neighbourhood environment on cognitive function, while frequency of transportation walking mediated the negative effects. Conclusions In the context of a low-density country like Australia, denser urban environments with access to parkland may benefit residents’ cognitive health by providing opportunities for participation in a diversity of activities. A more fine-grained characterisation of the neighbourhood environment may be necessary to tease out the negative and positive impacts of inter-related characteristics of urban neighbourhood environments on cognitive function.

scholarly journals Examination of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Skills

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gabriella Makra ◽  
László Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Examining physical activity and cognitive function has become a popular topic of research since the quality of these two components influences our quality of life and performance. It is very important for both sexes, all ages and life situations. Objective: Determining a type of physical activity (PA) that has an effect on both cognitive functions (CF) and motor skills and performance. Clarifying or promoting measurement methods, or developing new methods that meet current standards and objectives. The results may be used to help to impove performance in all areas. Method: Primary purpose of our study was to conduct a review, in order to summarize the relevant literature on the following topics: sex, age, fitness level, possible illness. Conclusions: We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and physical activity, which can be transposition in a proper way, both in terms of living standards and performance. On the other hand, there are a lack of uniform, accurate measurement methods. Thhere is a need for specific physical activity routines that specifically improve the level of cognitive function, even at an older age.

scholarly journals Examination of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Skills

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Makra Gabriella ◽  
Balogh László
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Examining physical activity and cognitive function has become a popular topic of research since the quality of these two components influences our quality of life and performance. It is very important for both sexes, all ages and life situations. Objective: Determining a type of physical activity (PA) that has an effect on both cognitive functions (CF) and motor skills and performance. Clarifying or promoting measurement methods, or developing new methods that meet current standards and objectives. The results may be used to help to impove performance in all areas. Method: Primary purpose of our study was to conduct a review, in order to summarize the relevant literature on the following topics: sex, age, fitness level, possible illness. Conclusions: We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and physical activity, which can be transposition in a proper way, both in terms of living standards and performance. On the other hand, there are a lack of uniform, accurate measurement methods. Thhere is a need for specific physical activity routines that specifically improve the level of cognitive function, even at an older age.

scholarly journals Examination of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Skills

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gabriella Makra ◽  
László Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Examining physical activity and cognitive function has become a popular topic of research since the quality of these two components influences our quality of life and performance. It is very important for both sexes, all ages and life situations. Objective: Determining a type of physical activity (PA) that has an effect on both cognitive functions (CF) and motor skills and performance. Clarifying or promoting measurement methods, or developing new methods that meet current standards and objectives. The results may be used to help to impove performance in all areas. Method: Primary purpose of our study was to conduct a review, in order to summarize the relevant literature on the following topics: sex, age, fitness level, possible illness. Conclusions: We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and physical activity, which can be transposition in a proper way, both in terms of living standards and performance. On the other hand, there are a lack of uniform, accurate measurement methods. Thhere is a need for specific physical activity routines that specifically improve the level of cognitive function, even at an older age.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Objective and Subjective Physical Neighbourhood Environment on the Physical Activity of Older Adults: A Case Study in the Malaysian Neighbourhoods of Johor Bahru

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1760
Author(s):  
Nadhirah Nordin ◽  
Hitoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Traffic Intersection ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Intersection Density ◽  
Existing Housing

Physical neighbourhood environments (PNE) can affect the active ageing and physical wellbeing of older residents. This paper examined the PNE objective (PNEO): land use mix entropy, population density, traffic intersection density and distance to facilities; and PNE subjective (PNES): the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated (NEWS-A): and their relationship with the physical activity (PA) levels of older residents. The PA was measured using an IPAQ questionnaire on 280 older residents in neighbourhoods in the city of Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Cross-tabulations and correlation analyses were conducted to analyse the significant relationships. It was found that PNEO and PNES in the different housing environments influenced the PA levels of the late middle-aged and young-old adults, that the distance to facilities such as mosques and recreation areas should be less than 200 metres, and that high population density areas in Malaysian neighbourhoods are unsuitable for active ageing lifestyles because of the construction of physical barriers. This research identified the PNEO and PNES indicators for the promotion of an active ageing lifestyle in older residents, which could assist in improving existing housing policies and guidelines on active ageing in Malaysian neighbourhoods.

Systematic review of health behavioral risks and cognitive health in older adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhwan Lee ◽  
Joung Hwan Back ◽  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Si-Heon Kim ◽  
Duk L. Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Health

ABSTRACTBackground:An increasing body of evidence suggests that health behaviors may protect against cognitive impairment and dementia. The purpose of this study was to summarize the current evidence on health behavioral factors predicting cognitive health through a systematic review of the published literature.Methods:PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies on community representative samples aged 65 and older, with prospective cohort design and multivariate analysis. The outcome – cognitive health – was defined as a continuum of cognitive function ranging from cognitive decline to impairment and dementia, and health behaviors included physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and diet and nutrition.Results:Of 12,105 abstracts identified, 690 relevant full-texts were reviewed. The final yield amounted to 115 articles of which 37 studies were chosen that met the highest standards of quality. Leisure time physical activity, even of moderate level, showed protective effects against dementia, whereas smoking elevated the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Moderate alcohol consumption tended to be protective against cognitive decline and dementia, but nondrinkers and frequent drinkers exhibited a higher risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. Midlife obesity had an adverse effect on cognitive function in later life. Analysis showed vegetable and fish consumption to be of benefit, whereas, persons consuming a diet high in saturated fat had an increased dementia risk.Conclusion:The review demonstrates accumulating evidence supporting health behavioral effects in reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Results indicate potential benefits of healthy lifestyles in protecting cognitive health in later life.

scholarly journals Examination of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gabriella Makra ◽  
László Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Examining physical activity and cognitive function has become a popular topic of research since the quality of these two components influences our quality of life and performance. It is very important for both sexes, all ages and life situations. Objective: Determining a type of physical activity (PA) that has an effect on both cognitive functions (CF) and motor skills and performance. Clarifying or promoting measurement methods, or developing new methods that meet current standards and objectives. The results may be used to help to impove performance in all areas. Method: Primary purpose of our study was to conduct a review, in order to summarize the relevant literature on the following topics: sex, age, fitness level, possible illness. Conclusions: We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and physical activity, which can be transposition in a proper way, both in terms of living standards and performance. On the other hand, there are a lack of uniform, accurate measurement methods. Thhere is a need for specific physical activity routines that specifically improve the level of cognitive function, even at an older age.

scholarly journals Relationships between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Cognitive Functions in Office Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Carl-Johan Boraxbekk ◽  
Örjan Ekblom ◽  
Victoria Blom ◽  
Maria M. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Objectively Measured

Increasing evidence from animal experiments suggests that physical activity (PA) promotes neuroplasticity and learning. For humans, most research on the relationship between PA, sedentary behaviour (SB), and cognitive function has relied on self-reported measures of behaviour. Office work is characterised by high durations of SB combined with high work demands. While previous studies have shown that fitter office workers outperform their less fit colleagues in cognitive tests, the importance of PA and SB remains unknown. This study investigated associations between objectively measured PA and SB, using hip-worn accelerometers, and cognitive functions in 334 office workers. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was not associated with any cognitive outcome. However, time spent in SB tended to be positively associated with words recalled in free recall (β = 0.125). For the least fit participants, the average length of MVPA bouts was favourably related to Stroop performance (β = −0.211), while for the fitter individuals, a longer average length of MVPA bouts was related to worse recognition (β = −0.216). While our findings indicate that the length of MVPA bouts was associated with better Stroop performance in the least fit participants, our findings do not support the notion that more time spent in MVPA or less time in SB is associated with better cognitive function.

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