scholarly journals Complete appendiceal inversion with local high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in an adult female: a case report

BMC Surgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
Ge Liu ◽  
Yanfeng Liu ◽  
Hongsheng Zhou ◽  
Liyu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Normal Appendix ◽  
Tubulovillous Adenoma ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Intermittent Abdominal Pain ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Background Appendiceal inversion with neoplasia in adults is an extremely rare event with a reported incidence of < 0.01%. Preoperative diagnosis is very important for surgical treatment; however, it is very difficult to be exact. Case presentation The patient was a 60-year-old woman with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain. Computed tomography and colonoscopy revealed a cecal mass, which was diagnosed as a tubulovillous adenoma in the preoperative colonoscopic biopsy. At surgery, the appendix was found to be completely inverted into the cecum. The cecum was partially resected, and surgical pathology examination confirmed a tubulovillous adenoma of the appendix with local high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusions Although preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal inversion with neoplasia may be often difficult due to its non-specific symptoms, clinicians should consider this disease entity when they encounter an intraluminal protruding cecal mass without visualization of the normal appendix on CT and colonoscopy.

scholarly journals HER2 gene (ERBB2) amplification is a rare event in non-liver-fluke associated cholangiocarcinogenesis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Albrecht ◽  
Melina Rausch ◽  
Stephanie Rössler ◽  
Michael Albrecht ◽  
Jana Dorothea Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Her2 Gene ◽  
Distal Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Her2 Gene Amplification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Testing Algorithm

Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma is a rapidly fatal cancer entity with a median survival of less than one year. In contrast to many other malignancies, no substantial therapeutic breakthrough has been made in the past few decades, thereby limiting the treatment to cytotoxic chemotherapy with little beneficial effect for most patients. Targeted therapy tailored to the individual has shown substantial success in the recent past as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Methods In this study, we determined the frequency of amplification of the HER2 gene in a comprehensive and well-characterized European cholangiocarcinoma cohort encompassing 436 patients including intrahepatic (n = 155), proximal (n = 155) and distal (n = 126) cholangiocarcinoma by strict application of a combined immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization algorithm following the current guidelines for HER2 assessment in gastric cancer. Results We identified a proportion of 1.4% (n = 6) patients that demonstrated HER2 gene amplification, with the highest rate among the distal cholangiocarcinoma patients (2.4%). None of the patients with equivocal (2+) immunohistochemical staining results exhibited gene amplification molecularly. In four of the five patients with HER2 positivity, gene amplification was already present in concomitantly tested high-grade biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (80%). HER2 gene amplification was not significantly associated with other clinical parameters, including survival. Conclusions This study identifies HER2 gene amplification as a rare event in cholangiocarcinoma of the Western population, occurring already in high-grade BilIN in a subset of patients. Furthermore, we provide a robust testing algorithm that may be used prior to therapy administration in future clinical trials evaluating the role of HER2 as a predictive marker in cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Glyoxalase 1 Expression as a Novel Diagnostic Marker of High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3608
Author(s):  
Liliana Rounds ◽  
Ray B. Nagle ◽  
Andrea Muranyi ◽  
Jana Jandova ◽  
Scott Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Glyoxalase 1

Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive oncometabolite formed in the context of energy metabolism as a result of high glycolytic flux. Prior clinical evidence has documented GLO1 upregulation in various tumor types including prostate cancer (PCa). However, GLO1 expression has not been explored in the context of PCa progression with a focus on high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a frequent precursor to invasive cancer. Here, we have evaluated GLO1 expression by immunohistochemistry in archival tumor samples from 187 PCa patients (stage 2 and 3). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed GLO1 upregulation during tumor progression, observable in HGPIN and PCa versus normal prostatic tissue. GLO1 upregulation was identified as a novel hallmark of HGPIN lesions, displaying the highest staining intensity in all clinical patient specimens. GLO1 expression correlated with intermediate–high risk Gleason grade but not with patient age, biochemical recurrence, or pathological stage. Our data identify upregulated GLO1 expression as a molecular hallmark of HGPIN lesions detectable by immunohistochemical analysis. Since current pathological assessment of HGPIN status solely depends on morphological features, GLO1 may serve as a novel diagnostic marker that identifies this precancerous lesion.

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