scholarly journals A walk on the wild side: gut bacteria fed to mass-reared larvae of Queensland fruit fly [Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)] influence development

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Alexander Shuttleworth ◽  
Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan ◽  
Terrence Osborne ◽  
Damian Collins ◽  
Mukesh Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Adult Eclosion

Abstract Background The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most significant insect pest of Australian horticulture. Bactrocera tryoni is controlled using a range of tools including the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Mass-rearing and irradiation of pupae in SIT can reduce the fitness and quality of the released sterile insects. Studies have also showed reduced microbial gut diversity in domesticated versus wild tephritids. Results Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the bacterial isolates in the mid-gut of mass-reared larvae, and plate counts from individual larval guts showed increased numbers of bacteria in supplemented larvae. Several developmental and fitness parameters were tested including larval development time (egg-hatch to pupation), pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, sex-ratio, and time to adult eclosion (egg-hatch to adult eclosion). Enterobacter sp. and Asaia sp. shortened larval development time, while this was delayed by Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp. and a blend of all four bacteria. The mean time from egg hatch to adult eclosion was significantly reduced by Leuconostoc sp. and the blend for males and females, indicating that the individual bacterium and consortium affect flies differently depending on the life stage (larval or pupal). There was no impact of bacterial supplemented larvae on pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, or sex ratio. Conclusions Our findings show that bacteria fed to the larval stage of B. tryoni can impart fitness advantages, but the selection of probiotic strains (individual or a consortium) is key, as each have varying effects on the host. Bacteria added to the larval diet particularly Leuconostoc sp. and the blend have the capacity to reduce costs and increase the number of flies produced in mass-rearing facilities by reducing time to adult eclosion by 1.3 and 0.8 mean days for males, and 1.2 and 0.8 mean days for females.

scholarly journals Commensal microbiota modulates larval foraging behaviour, development rate and pupal production in Bactrocera tryoni

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Morimoto ◽  
Binh Nguyen ◽  
Shabnam T. Tabrizi ◽  
Ida Lundbäck ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Backround Commensal microbes can promote survival and growth of developing insects, and have important fitness implications in adulthood. Insect larvae can acquire commensal microbes through two main routes: by vertical acquisition from maternal deposition of microbes on the eggshells and by horizontal acquisition from the environment where the larvae develop. To date, however, little is known about how microbes acquired through these different routes interact to shape insect development. In the present study, we investigated how vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota influence larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation and pupal production in the Queensland fruit fly (‘Qfly’), Bactrocera tryoni. Results Both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota were required to maximise pupal production in Qfly. Moreover, larvae exposed to both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota pupated sooner than those exposed to no microbiota, or only to horizontally acquired microbiota. Larval foraging behaviour was also influenced by both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota. Larvae from treatments exposed to neither vertically nor horizontally acquired microbiota spent more time overall on foraging patches than did larvae of other treatments, and most notably had greater preference for diets with extreme protein or sugar compositions. Conclusion The integrity of the microbiota early in life is important for larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation, and pupal production in Qflies. These findings highlight the complexity of microbial relations in this species, and provide insights to the importance of exposure to microbial communities during laboratory- or mass-rearing of tephritid fruit flies.

Impact of marker dye on adult eclosion and flight ability of mass produced Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard C Dominiak ◽  
Selliah Sundaralingam ◽  
Laura Jiang ◽  
Andrew J Jessup ◽  
Idris M Barchia
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Adult Eclosion

Effect of adult chill treatments on recovery, longevity and flight ability of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.L. Reynolds ◽  
B.A. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Inundative Release ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Release Method

AbstractControl of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations or outbreaks may be achieved through the mass-rearing and inundative release of sterile B. tryoni. An alternative release method is to release chilled adult sterile fruit flies to decrease packaging and transport requirements and potentially improve release efficiencies. Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of chilling on the performance of two separate batches of adult B. tryoni, fed either a protein and sucrose diet or sucrose only diet. The first trial compared chill times of 0, 0.5, 2 and 4 h; the second trial compared chill times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Overall, there was little or no affect of chilling on the recovery, longevity and flight ability of B. tryoni chilled at 4°C. Recovery time can take up to 15 min for chilled adult flies. There was no effect of chill time on longevity although females generally had greater longevity on either diet compared with males. Propensity for flight was not adversely affected by chilling at the lower chill times in trial 1; however, in trial 2, adults fed on a protein and sucrose diet had a decreased tendency for flight as the chilling time increased. Fly body size did not affect recovery times although the smaller adult B. tryoni in trial 1 had significantly reduced longevity compared to the larger adults in trial 2. Implications of these findings for B. tryoni SIT are discussed.

New larval agar-based diet for laboratory rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pašková
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
The Cost

AbstractFive larval diets for laboratory rearing of Ceratitis capitata were tested. These diets were based on wheat bran, microcellulose, potato starch and agar. To evaluate the quality of diet, pupal rearing efficacy and pupal weight were checked. The best results were obtained with an agar based diet used for Manduca sexta laboratory rearing. To simplify the preparation and to reduce the cost of this diet, a new formulation was developed. Larvae reared on the new agar-based diet achieved higher pupal rearing efficacy than larvae reared on bran diet recently used in medfly mass rearing facilities. Heat treated medflies reared on the new agar-based diet achieved similar pupal rearing efficacy with heat treated medflies reared on bran diet. When testing population density, higher pupal rearing efficacy was again achieved on new diet. The highest pupal rearing efficacy was achieved with 100 eggs per 25 g of diet, lowest with 500 eggs per 25 g of diet. Concerning pupal weight, there was no difference in results achieved on Petri dishes with different larval population densities. Larvae reared on new agar-based diet reached better results than larvae reared on bran diet. The preparation of the new diet is simple and the cost is low, so it is good for laboratory tests and rearing.

scholarly journals Influence of parasitoid Paravilla sp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on the development of larvae of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Lucimara Modesto Nonato ◽  
Gustavo Graciolli ◽  
Tatiane Do Nascimento Lima
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Host Death ◽  
Antlion Larvae

Parasitoids manipulate the host metabolism for their own benefit by influencing its development and the direct or indirect result of it is the host death. This study aimed to observe the influence of parasitoidism of Paravilla sp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on the development of antlion larvae Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). The specific objectives were to verify in which larval instars the parasitoid oviposition occurs, the influence of the parasitoid on the larval and pupal development time of M. brasiliensis, the differences in body length of the antlion larvae, as well as of the sex ratio of M. brasiliensis adults. For this, the larvae were differentiated in 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar and measures on body length (head-abdomen) and accompanied until the emergence of the adult. It was observed that the parasitoid Paravilla sp. attacked only the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. The parasitoid Paravilla sp. oviposited only in 2nd and 3rd instars larvae. No significant differences were observed on larval development time, in the larval body length and in the adult sex ratio between groups of parasitized and non-parasitized M. brasiliensis larvae, however, was observed differences in the pupal development time of these two groups. Thus, we can conclude that the parasitoid Paravilla sp. influences the development time of M. brasiliensis pupal.

Genetic Consequences of Domestication and Mass Rearing of Pest Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Gilchrist ◽  
E. C. Cameron ◽  
J. A. Sved ◽  
A. W. Meats
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni

scholarly journals Diet and irradiation effects on the bacterial community composition and structure in the gut of domesticated teneral and mature Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane N. Woruba ◽  
Jennifer L. Morrow ◽  
Olivia L. Reynolds ◽  
Toni A. Chapman ◽  
Damian P. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Adult Diet

Abstract Background Mass-rearing, domestication and gamma irradiation of tephritid fruit flies used in sterile insect technique (SIT) programmes can negatively impact fly quality and performance. Symbiotic bacteria supplied as probiotics to mass-reared fruit flies may help to overcome some of these issues. However, the effects of tephritid ontogeny, sex, diet and irradiation on their microbiota are not well known. Results We have used next-generation sequencing to characterise the bacterial community composition and structure within Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), by generating 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries derived from the guts of 58 individual teneral and mature, female and male, sterile and fertile adult flies reared on artificial larval diets in a laboratory or mass-rearing environment, and fed either a full adult diet (i.e. sugar and yeast hydrolysate) or a sugar only adult diet. Overall, the amplicon sequence read volume in tenerals was low and smaller than in mature adult flies. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae (8 OTUs) and Acetobacteraceae (1 OTU) were most prevalent. Enterobacteriaceae dominated laboratory-reared tenerals from a colony fed a carrot-based larval diet, while Acetobacteraceae dominated mass-reared tenerals from a production facility colony fed a lucerne chaff based larval diet. As adult flies matured, Enterobacteriaceae became dominant irrespective of larval origin. The inclusion of yeast in the adult diet strengthened this shift away from Acetobacteraceae towards Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, irradiation increased 16S rRNA gene sequence read volume. Conclusions Our findings suggest that bacterial populations in fruit flies experience significant bottlenecks during metamorphosis. Gut bacteria in teneral flies were less abundant and less diverse, and impacted by colony origin. In contrast, mature adult flies had selectively increased abundances for some gut bacteria, or acquired these bacteria from the adult diet and environment. Furthermore, irradiation augmented bacterial abundance in mature flies. This implies that either some gut bacteria were compensating for damage caused by irradiation or irradiated flies had lost their ability to regulate bacterial load. Our findings suggest that the adult stage prior to sexual maturity may be ideal to target for probiotic manipulation of fly microbiota to increase fly performance in SIT programmes.

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