scholarly journals The effect of different grazing conditions on the insulin and incretin response to the oral glucose test in ponies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Fitzgerald ◽  
Christopher C. Pollitt ◽  
Donald M. Walsh ◽  
Martin N. Sillence ◽  
Melody A. de Laat
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Prandial Insulin ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Glucose Test ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Background The oral glucose test (OGT) is a useful tool for diagnosing insulin dysregulation (ID) and is somewhat repeatable in ponies under consistent management. This study aimed to determine whether the insulin and incretin responses to an OGT in ponies differed after short-term access to fertilised pasture, compared to unfertilised pasture, by using a randomised, repeated measures study design. Sixteen mixed-breed ponies were classified as severely insulin-dysregulated (SD; post-prandial insulin ≥80 μIU/mL) or not severely insulin-dysregulated (NSD; post-prandial insulin < 80 μIU/mL) using an OGT prior to the study. The ponies accessed pasture that was fertilised, or unfertilised, for 5 days (4 h/day, with supplemental hay provided at 0.7% bodyweight), with a 10 day period between phases. An OGT was performed after each phase. Glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were measured in post-prandial blood samples. Results The volume of fertilised pasture was five-fold greater than unfertilised pasture, with % non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) similar between all forages. Consuming fertilised pasture increased (P = 0.018) the serum insulin response to an OGT, compared to grazing unfertilised pasture. A limitation of the study was that pasture intake was unable to be quantified. Insulin responses were greater in SD, compared to NSD, ponies (P < 0.001) and remained well above the test cut-off at all times. A subset of ponies, initially screened as NSD, became (more) insulin-dysregulated after pasture access. Further, aGLP-1 was a significant predictor of insulin concentration in this cohort. Conclusions Whereas some insulin-dysregulated ponies were comparatively resistant to dietary intervention, others showed markedly different OGT responses following subtle changes in their forage-based diet. This implies that mild/early ID might be unmasked by dietary change, and that dietary management is important in these ponies. However, dietary management alone may not be adequate for all cases of ID.

scholarly journals Weight loss is linearly associated with a reduction of the insulin response to an oral glucose test in Icelandic horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delarocque ◽  
Florian Frers ◽  
Korinna Huber ◽  
Karsten Feige ◽  
Tobias Warnken
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Glucose Test ◽  
Icelandic Horses

Asians React Differently to Oral Glucose Test

Ob Gyn News ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY F. KIRN
Keyword(s):  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Glucose Test

scholarly journals FGF21 Is an Insulin-Dependent Postprandial Hormone in Adult Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 3806-3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J Samms ◽  
Jo E Lewis ◽  
Luke Norton ◽  
Francis B Stephens ◽  
Christopher J Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion has been shown to respond directly to carbohydrate consumption, with glucose, fructose, and sucrose all reported to increase plasma levels of FGF21 in rodents and humans. However, carbohydrate consumption also results in secretion of insulin. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the combined and independent effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on total and bioactive FGF21 in the postprandial period in humans, and determine whether this effect is attenuated in conditions of altered insulin secretion and action. Methods Circulating glucose, insulin, total and bioactive FGF21, and fibroblast activation protein were measured in adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and under a series of insulin and glucose clamp conditions and following high-fat diet in healthy adults. Results Circulating total and bioactive FGF21 levels responded acutely to OGTT, and their ratio was attenuated in T2D patients with reduced postprandial insulin response. The clamp studies revealed that insulin but not glucose accounts for the postprandial rise in FGF21. Finally, there was an attenuated rise in FGF21 in response to a high-fat dietary intervention that is known to alter insulin-stimulated substrate utilization in metabolically active tissues. Conclusions Insulin rather than glucose per se increases total and bioactive FGF21 in the postprandial period in adult humans. Understanding the impact of T2D on bioactive FGF21 will have a significant effect upon the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to target the FGF21 pathway.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 as a predictor of glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinemia in prepubertal obese children

1999 ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Saitoh ◽  
T Kamoda ◽  
S Nakahara ◽  
T Hirano ◽  
A Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Factor Binding

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to examine the association of a glucose-stimulated insulin response with the fasting insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 concentration in prepubertal obese children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The fasting levels of serum insulin and IGFBP-1 were measured in 17 obese and 16 control children. Furthermore, we performed an oral glucose tolerance test in obese children and examined the association of the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin with the fasting IGFBP-1 level. RESULTS: The mean serum level of IGFBP-1 was significantly lower in obese children (41.0 +/- 4.8 micrograms/l. P < 0.005) than in controls (91.2 +/- 9.9 micrograms/l). Although there was an inverse relationship between the fasting levels of serum insulin and IGFBP-1 in all subjects (r = -0.42, P < 0.05), no significant correlation between these two parameters was observed in the obese group alone. In obese children, the fasting IGFBP-1 level correlated inversely with AUC-insulin (r = -0.70, P < 0.005), whereas there was no significant relationship between the fasting insulin level and AUC-insulin. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the serum level of IGFBP-1 may be an early predictor of insulin resistance in prepubertal obesity.

Reduced gastric inhibitory polypeptide but normal glucagon-like peptide 1 response to oral glucose in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance

1997 ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ahren ◽  
H Larsson ◽  
JJ Holst
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

OBJECTIVE: The gastrointestinal hormones, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), are both released from the gut after oral glucose ingestion and stimulate insulin secretion. This study examined the release of these hormones in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which precedes the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS: Six postmenopausal women with IGT, aged 59 years, underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and plasma levels of GIP and GLP-1 were determined regularly during the following 2 h. The results were compared with those in seven age- and weight-matched women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). RESULTS: Basal plasma levels of GIP and GLP-1 were not different between the groups. In response to the oral glucose ingestion, plasma levels of both GIP and GLP-1 increased in both groups. The plasma GIP increase after glucose ingestion was, however, reduced in women with IGT. Thus, the GIP response as determined as the area under the curve for the 60 min after oral glucose was 34.8 +/- 3.2 pmol/l per min in women with IGT versus 56.4 +/- 7.8 pmol/l per min in those with NGT (P = 0.021). In contrast, the GLP-1 response to oral glucose was not different between the groups. By definition, the glucose response to oral glucose was markedly increased in women with IGT, and the insulin response during the second hour after glucose ingestion was exaggerated. CONCLUSIONS: The GIP response to oral glucose is impaired in postmenopausal women with IGT, whereas the plasma GLP-1 response is not affected.

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