scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Shiro Murata ◽  
Sotaro Fujisawa ◽  
Masaki Takehara ◽  
Ken Katakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Abstract Background Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar. Results Of the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ILTV by polymerase chain reaction of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ILTV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J (gB, gG, and gJ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries. Conclusions This study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies that monitor circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Shiro Murata ◽  
Sotaro Fujisawa ◽  
Masaki Takehara ◽  
Ken Katakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Abstract Background Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens like infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) are the major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. In this study, therefore, we conducted molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar. Results Of the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ITLV by PCR of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ITLV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 ( ICP4 ) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J ( gB , gG , and gJ ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries. Conclusions This study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies monitoring circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Pathological Diagnosis and Genomic Characterization of ICP4 Gene of lnfectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Isolates in Clinically Infected Chicken in Tamil Nadu, India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jyothi Priya ◽  
Ganne Venkata Sudhakar Rao ◽  
N. Pazhanivel ◽  
K. Vijayarani ◽  
T. Lurthu Reetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Background: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important viral respiratory disease in poultry. Recently, re-emergence of Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) has been reported in several countries including India. The current study aimed to evaluate the poultry flocks of Tamil Nadu with circulating GaHV-1 and to elucidate the origin of the virus involved in the outbreak. Methods: In this study, a molecular based survey on the overall occurrence of natural cases of Infectious laryngo-tracheitis in poultry flocks from Tamil Nadu, India were performed. Pathological findings in respiratory and secondary lymphoid organs like caecal tonsils and harderian gland was carried out. The PCR technique targeting Infected Cell Protein-4 (ICP4) gene along with molecular characterization was performed. Result: The overall prevalence rate in the outbreak was 42.86% with highest incidence in layer flocks (62.85%) than the broiler flocks (22.85%). The highest susceptible age groups were between 20-30 weeks old. Tracheal pathology revealed epithelial sloughing, syncytial cell formation, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and heterophilic exudation microscopically. Partial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ICP4 gene revealed high genetic homology between field isolates and the virulent strains from Turkey, Germany, China and Brazil. In the present study, along with pathological findings, a rapid and sensitive PCR assay was used for detection of ILT virus specific ICP4 gene in commercial poultry farms in the region.

scholarly journals Immunoinformatics Approach for Multiepitopes Vaccine Prediction against Glycoprotein B of Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaia A. Ali ◽  
Yassir A. Almofti ◽  
Khoubieb A. Abd-elrahman
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Glycoprotein B ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a gallid herpesvirus type 1, a member of the genus Iltovirus. It causes an infection in the upper respiratory tract mainly trachea which results in significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination against ILTV produced latent infected carriers’ birds, which become a source of virus transmission to nonvaccinated flocks. Thus this study aimed to design safe multiepitopes vaccine against glycoprotein B of ILT virus using immunoinformatic tools. Forty-four sequences of complete envelope glycoprotein B were retrieved from GenBank of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and aligned for conservancy by multiple sequence alignment (MSA). Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) analysis resources were used to predict and analyze candidate epitopes that could act as a promising peptide vaccine. For B cell epitopes, thirty-one linear epitopes were predicted using Bepipred. However eight epitopes were found to be on both surface and antigenic epitopes using Emini surface accessibility and antigenicity, respectively. Three epitopes (190KKLP193, 386YSSTHVRS393, and 317KESV320) were proposed as B cell epitopes. For T cells several epitopes were interacted with MHC class I with high affinity and specificity, but the best recognized epitopes were 118YVFNVTLYY126, 335VSYKNSYHF343, and 622YLLYEDYTF630. MHC-II binding epitopes, 301FLTDEQFTI309,277FLEIANYQV285, and 743IASFLSNPF751, were proposed as promising epitopes due to their high affinity for MHC-II molecules. Moreover the docked ligand epitopes from MHC-1 molecule exhibited high binding affinity with the receptors; BF chicken alleles (BF2 2101 and 0401) expressed by the lower global energy of the molecules. In this study nine epitopes were predicted as promising vaccine candidate against ILTV. In vivo and in vitro studies are required to support the effectiveness of these predicted epitopes as a multipeptide vaccine through clinical trials.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses in commercial chicken flocks in Pakistan from 2014 through to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Angélique Teillaud ◽  
Hassan Bin Aslam ◽  
Jean-Luc Guerin ◽  
Mariette F. Ducatez
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Abstract Background Viral diseases are a matter of great concern for poultry farmers in Pakistan. Multiple common viral respiratory diseases (CVRDs) cause huge economic losses in the poultry industry. The prevalence of CVRDs in many countries, including Pakistan, is not clearly understood. Results Incidences of 5 chicken respiratory viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV/AAVV-1), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were assessed on commercial Pakistani farms with respiratory problems from 2014 through to 2016. While AIV and AAVV-1 were frequently detected (16 to 17% of farms), IBV and aMPV were rarely detected (in 3 to 5% of farms) and ILTV was not detected. We characterized H9 AIV of the G1 lineage, genotype VII AAVV-1, GI-13 IBV, and type B aMPV strains with very little genetic variability in the 2-year study period. Co-infections with AIV and AAVV-1 were common and wild type AAVV-1 was detected despite the use of vaccines. Control measures to limit the virus burden in chicken flocks are discussed. Conclusions Our data shows that AIV (H9), AAVV-1, IBV and aMPV are prevalent in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Further studies are necessary to assess circulating strains, economic losses caused by infections and coinfections of these pathogens, and the costs and benefits of countermeasures. Furthermore, veterinarians and farmers should be informed of the pathogens circulating in the field and hence advised on the use of vaccines.

scholarly journals Effect of Pullet Vaccination on Development and Longevity of Immunity

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Aston ◽  
Brian Jordan ◽  
Susan Williams ◽  
Maricarmen García ◽  
Mark Jackwood
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Avian respiratory disease causes significant economic losses in commercial poultry. Because of the need to protect long-lived poultry against respiratory tract pathogens from an early age, vaccination programs for pullets typically involve serial administration of a variety of vaccines, including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Often the interval between vaccinations is only a matter of weeks, yet it is unknown whether the development of immunity and protection against challenge when vaccines are given in short succession occurs in these birds, something known as viral interference. Our objective was to determine whether serially administered, live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV influence the development and longevity of immunity and protection against challenge in long-lived birds. Based on a typical pullet vaccination program, specific-pathogen-free white leghorns were administered multiple live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV until 16 weeks of age (WOA), after which certain groups were challenged with IBV, NDV, or ILTV at 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 WOA. Five days post-challenge, viral load, clinical signs, ciliostasis, tracheal histopathology, and antibody titers in serum and tears were evaluated. We demonstrate that pullets serially administered live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV were protected against homologous challenge with IBV, NDV, or ILTV for at least 36 weeks, and conclude that the interval between vaccinations used in this study (at least 2 weeks) did not interfere with protection. This information is important because it shows that a typical pullet vaccination program consisting of serially administered live attenuated vaccines against multiple respiratory pathogens can result in the development of protective immunity against each disease agent.

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