scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses in commercial chicken flocks in Pakistan from 2014 through to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Angélique Teillaud ◽  
Hassan Bin Aslam ◽  
Jean-Luc Guerin ◽  
Mariette F. Ducatez
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Abstract Background Viral diseases are a matter of great concern for poultry farmers in Pakistan. Multiple common viral respiratory diseases (CVRDs) cause huge economic losses in the poultry industry. The prevalence of CVRDs in many countries, including Pakistan, is not clearly understood. Results Incidences of 5 chicken respiratory viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV/AAVV-1), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were assessed on commercial Pakistani farms with respiratory problems from 2014 through to 2016. While AIV and AAVV-1 were frequently detected (16 to 17% of farms), IBV and aMPV were rarely detected (in 3 to 5% of farms) and ILTV was not detected. We characterized H9 AIV of the G1 lineage, genotype VII AAVV-1, GI-13 IBV, and type B aMPV strains with very little genetic variability in the 2-year study period. Co-infections with AIV and AAVV-1 were common and wild type AAVV-1 was detected despite the use of vaccines. Control measures to limit the virus burden in chicken flocks are discussed. Conclusions Our data shows that AIV (H9), AAVV-1, IBV and aMPV are prevalent in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Further studies are necessary to assess circulating strains, economic losses caused by infections and coinfections of these pathogens, and the costs and benefits of countermeasures. Furthermore, veterinarians and farmers should be informed of the pathogens circulating in the field and hence advised on the use of vaccines.

scholarly journals Detection of Laryngotracheitis Virus in Poultry Flocks with Respiratory Disorders in Slovenia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Olga Zorman Rojs ◽  
Alenka Dovč ◽  
Uroš Krapež ◽  
Zoran Žlabravec ◽  
Joško Račnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract in chickens and other poultry species that causes significant economic losses in countries worldwide. Between 2017 and 2019, seven outbreaks of mild to severe respiratory disorders with high suspicion of ILT occurred in commercial and backyard poultry flocks in Slovenia. In all submissions, infection with ILT virus (ILTV) was confirmed by PCR, which is the first report of ILT in Slovenia. Circulating ILT strains were characterized by the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of two fragments of the ICP4 gene. Four strains—three detected in non-vaccinated flocks and one in a flock vaccinated against ILT—were identical or very similar to the chicken embryo–origin live virus vaccines, and the other three were closely related to Russian, Chinese, Australian, and American field strains and to tissue culture origin vaccine strains. As in other diseases, coinfections with other respiratory pathogens in confirmed ILT cases may cause a more severe condition and prolong the course of the disease. In our study, coinfections with Mycoplasma synoviae (7/7 tested flocks), infectious bronchitis virus (5/5 tested flocks), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (4/7 tested flocks), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (3/4 tested flocks), and avian pox virus (1/2 tested flocks) were confirmed, indicating the importance of these pathogens in the occurrence of ILT infections.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Chickens with a Microfluidic Chip

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3203
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Tholoth ◽  
Huiwen Bai ◽  
Michael G. Mauk ◽  
Eman Anis ◽  
Haim H. Bau
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a viral disease of chickens’ respiratory system that imposes considerable financial burdens on the chicken industry. Rapid, simple, and specific detection of this virus is crucial to enable proper control measures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests require relatively expensive instruments and skilled personnel, confining their application to centralized laboratories. To enable chicken farms to take timely action and contain the spread of infection, we describe a rapid, simple, semi-quantitative benchtop isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, and a field-deployable microfluidic device for the diagnosis of ILTV infection in chickens. Our assay performance was compared and favorably agreed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). The sensitivity of our real-time LAMP test is 250 genomic copies/reaction. Clinical performance of our microfluidic device using samples from diseased chickens showed 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity in comparison with benchtop LAMP assay and the gold-standard qPCR. Our method facilitates simple, specific, and rapid molecular ILTV detection in low-resource veterinary diagnostic laboratories and can be used for field molecular diagnosis of suspected ILT cases.

scholarly journals Persistence of the tissue culture origin vaccine for infectious laryngotracheitis virus in commercial chicken flocks in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 2608-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana H. Santander Parra ◽  
Luis F. Nuñez ◽  
Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira ◽  
Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Shiro Murata ◽  
Sotaro Fujisawa ◽  
Masaki Takehara ◽  
Ken Katakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Abstract Background Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar. Results Of the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ILTV by polymerase chain reaction of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ILTV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J (gB, gG, and gJ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries. Conclusions This study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies that monitor circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar.

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