scholarly journals Dietary networks identified by Gaussian graphical model and general and abdominal obesity in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Nasim Janbozorgi ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Gaussian Graphical Model ◽  
Saturated Fats

Abstract Background Gaussian graphical model (GGM) has been introduced as a new approach to identify patterns of dietary intake. We aimed to investigate the link between dietary networks derived through GGM and obesity in Iranian adults. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women (age range: 20–59 years) who attended the local health centers in Tehran. Dietary intake was evaluated by using a validated food frequency questionnaire. GGM was applied to identify dietary networks. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of general and abdominal adiposity across tertiles of dietary network scores were estimated using logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, marital status, education, energy intake and menopausal status. Results GGM identified three dietary networks, where 30 foods were grouped into six communities. The identified networks were healthy, unhealthy and saturated fats networks, wherein cooked vegetables, processed meat and butter were, respectively, central to the networks. Being in the top tertile of saturated fats network score was associated with a higher likelihood of central obesity by waist-to-hip ratio (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.25; P for trend: 0.01). There was also a marginally significant positive association between higher unhealthy network score and odds of central obesity by waist circumference (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 0.94, 2.37; P for trend: 0.09). Healthy network was not associated with central adiposity. There was no association between dietary network scores and general obesity. Conclusions Unhealthy and saturated fat dietary networks were associated with abdominal adiposity in adults. GGM-derived dietary networks represent dietary patterns and can be used to investigate diet-disease associations.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in dietary intake in Scottish women around the menopause: changes in dietary pattern result in minor changes in nutrient intake

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M Macdonald ◽  
Susan A New ◽  
David M Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo examine dietary change that has occurred over 5 to 6 years.SubjectsA cohort of Scottish women (n=898) with a mean age of 47.5 years (range 45–54 years) at baseline.DesignDietary intake was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and analysed using the UK Composition of Foods database.ResultsSince the first dietary assessment, mean daily energy intake had decreased from 8.2±2.3 to 7.9±2.2 MJ. The degree of low energy reporting (defined as ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate >1.1) had increased from 18.7% at baseline to 25.6% at follow-up. Low energy reporters were significantly heavier than ‘normal’ energy reporters (mean weight at follow-up, 68.9±12.6 vs. 66.8±11.3 kg) and could be deliberately restricting intake rather than underreporting. Overall there were decreases in intakes of red meat, processed meat and cheese, but increases in poultry and non-oily fish consumption. Consumption of bread, biscuits and cakes had gone down and there was an increase in cereal and rice/pasta consumption. Intake of potatoes had decreased whereas fruit intake had increased. There were small but statistically significant differences in intakes for most nutrients (>8% change). Nutrient intakes at both visits were similar across menopausal status and usage groups of hormone replacement therapy. Modifications to the computer version of the McCance and Widdowson nutrient database, which differed from the published version, were noted. These changes altered the original baseline values for our study.ConclusionsThe menopause per se is not a period of marked change in nutrient intake. Caution is advised when using computer databases of food compositions for longitudinal studies.

Tensor-Based Gaussian Graphical Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Yipeng Liu ◽  
Jiani Liu ◽  
Zhen Long ◽  
Ce Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Model ◽  
Gaussian Graphical Model

scholarly journals Dietary Soy Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Women but Not in Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kie Konishi ◽  
Keiko Wada ◽  
Michiyo Yamakawa ◽  
Yuko Goto ◽  
Fumi Mizuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Soy Foods

ABSTRACT Background Whole soy foods, as well as their components, including protein and isoflavones, have garnered attention because they may have beneficial effects against diabetes. Objectives We examined associations between the intake of soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavones and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese population. Methods This prospective cohort study included 13,521 residents (5883 men and 7638 women; 35–69 y old) of Takayama City, Japan. The subjects responded to a self-administered baseline questionnaire in 1992 and to a follow-up questionnaire seeking information about diabetes in 2002. Their mean ± SD body mass index was 22.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2 (men) and 22.1 ± 2.7 (women). The intakes of total soy foods, fried soy foods, nonfried soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavones were estimated through the use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire administered in 1992. Associations between soy intake and the risk of diabetes were evaluated through the use of Cox proportional hazards models incorporating age, education level, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, use of vitamin supplements, menopausal status, and dietary factors including glycemic load, total energy, total fat, meat, fruit, vegetables, and coffee. Results During a 10-y follow-up, 438 participants reported physician-diagnosed diabetes. Women in the highest tertile of intakes of total soy foods, fried soy foods, nonfried soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavone had significantly lower HRs, after controlling for covariates, than those with the lowest intakes. For example, HRs were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.68; P-trend <0.001) for total soy food intake. In men, there were no significant associations between soy intake and the risk of diabetes. Conclusions These results suggest that a high soy intake may be associated with a lower risk of diabetes in Japanese women.

scholarly journals Testing the Structure of a Gaussian Graphical Model With Reduced Transmissions in a Distributed Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (20) ◽  
pp. 5391-5401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Chen ◽  
Rick S. Blum ◽  
Brian M. Sadler ◽  
Jiangfan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Model ◽  
Gaussian Graphical Model

scholarly journals Consumption of Foods Derived from Subsidized Crops Remains Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk: An Update on the Evidence Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3244
Author(s):  
Whitney L. Do ◽  
Kai M. Bullard ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Mohammed K. Ali ◽  
K. M. Venkat Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Food Commodities

In this study, we examined the associations between the consumption of foods derived from crops subsidized under the 2008 United States (US) Farm Bill and cardiometabolic risk factors and whether the magnitude of these associations has changed since the 2002 US Farm Bill. Four federal databases were used to estimate daily consumption of the top seven subsidized commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat, rice, sorghum, dairy, and livestock) and to calculate a subsidy score (0–1 scale) for Americans’ daily dietary intake during 2009–2014, with a higher score indicative of a higher proportion of the diet derived from subsidized commodities. The cardiometabolic risk factors included obesity, abdominal adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia. Linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, the poverty–income ratio, the smoking status, educational attainment, physical activity, and daily calorie intake. During 2009–2014, adults with the highest subsidy score had higher probabilities of obesity, abdominal adiposity, and dysglycemia compared to the lowest subsidy score. After the 2002 Farm Bill (measured using data from 2001–2006), the subsidy score decreased from 56% to 50% and associations between consuming a highly-subsidized diet and dysglycemia did not change (p = 0.54), whereas associations with obesity (p = 0.004) and abdominal adiposity (p = 0.002) significantly attenuated by more than half. The proportion of calories derived from subsidized food commodities continues to be associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk factors, though the relationship with obesity and abdominal adiposity has weakened in recent years.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of different types and characteristics of processed meat which might be associated with cancer risk – results from the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Teresa Norat ◽  
Carlos A Gonzalez ◽  
Miren Dorronsoro Iraeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing evidence for a significant effect of processed meat (PM) intake on cancer risk. However, refined knowledge on how components of this heterogeneous food group are associated with cancer risk is still missing. Here, actual data on the intake of PM subcategories is given; within a food-based approach we considered preservation methods, cooking methods and nutrient content for stratification, in order to address most of the aetiologically relevant hypotheses.Design and settingStandardised computerised 24-hour diet recall interviews were collected within the framework of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study in 27 centres across 10 European countries.SubjectsSubjects were 22 924 women and 13 031 men aged 35–74 years.ResultsExcept for the so-called ‘health-conscious’ cohort in the UK, energy-adjusted total PM intake ranged between 11.1 and 47.9 g day−1 in women and 18.8 and 88.5 g day−1 in men. Ham, salami-type sausages and heated sausages contributed most to the overall PM intake. The intake of cured (addition of nitrate/nitrite) PM was highest in the German, Dutch and northern European EPIC centres, with up to 68.8 g day−1 in men. The same was true for smoked PM (up to 51.8 g day−1). However, due to the different manufacturing practice, the highest average intake of NaNO2 through PM consumption was found for the Spanish centres (5.4 mg day−1 in men) as compared with German and British centres. Spanish centres also showed the highest intake of NaCl-rich types of PM; most cholesterol- and iron-rich PM was consumed in central and northern European centres. Possibly hazardous cooking methods were more often used for PM preparation in central and northern European centres.ConclusionsWe applied a food-based categorisation of PM that addresses aetiologically relevant mechanisms for cancer development and found distinct differences in dietary intake of these categories of PM across European cohorts. This predisposes EPIC to further investigate the role of PM in cancer aetiology.

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