scholarly journals Assessing changes in social determinants of health inequalities in South Africa : a decomposition analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde O. Omotoso ◽  
Steven F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Determinants Of Health

scholarly journals Exploring the local policy context for reducing health inequalities in children and young people: an in depth qualitative case study of one local authority in the North of England, UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Holding ◽  
Hannah Fairbrother ◽  
Naomi Griffin ◽  
Jonathan Wistow ◽  
Katie Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
The North

Abstract Background Improving children and young people’s (CYP) health and addressing health inequalities are international priorities. Reducing inequalities is particularly pertinent in light of the Covid-19 outbreak which has exacerbated already widening inequalities in health. This study aimed to explore understandings of inequality, the anticipated pathways for reducing inequalities among CYP and key factors affecting the development and implementation of policy to reduce inequalities among CYP at a local level. Methods We carried out a qualitative case study of one local government region in the North of England (UK), comprising semi structured interviews (n = 16) with service providers with a responsibility for child health, non-participant observations of key meetings (n = 6 with 43 participants) where decisions around child health are made, and a local policy documentation review (n = 11). We employed a novel theoretical framework, drawing together different approaches to understanding policy, to guide our design and analysis. Results Participants in our study understood inequalities in CYP health almost exclusively as socioeconomically patterned inequalities in health practices and outcomes. Strategies which participants perceived to reduce inequalities included: preventive support and early intervention, an early years/whole family focus, targeted working in local areas of high deprivation, organisational integration and whole system/place-based approaches. Despite demonstrating a commitment to a social determinants of health approach, efforts to reduce inequalities were described as thwarted by the prevalence of poverty and budget cuts which hindered the ability of local organisations to work together. Participants critiqued national policy which aimed to reduce inequalities in CYP health for failing to recognise local economic disparities and the interrelated nature of the determinants of health. Conclusions Despite increased calls for a ‘whole systems’ approach to reducing inequalities in health, significant barriers to implementation remain. National governments need to work towards more joined up policy making, which takes into consideration regional disparities, allows for flexibility in interpretation and addresses the different and interrelated social determinants of health. Our findings have particular significance in light of Covid-19 and indicate the need for systems level policy responses and a health in all policies approach.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Health Among Adults in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usengimana Shadrack Mutembereza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
National Income ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Selection ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor

Abstract BackgroundThis paper estimates trend of health mobility in South Africa using National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS) and investigate whether the patterns of health mobility differs within socioeconomic groups created by income and gender. Health is measured by SRHS, which correlates with mortality and morbidity; thus, it is the best measure of health. MethodsUsing five waves of NIDS and various econometric models, this research estimates health mobility in the period between 2007 and 2017. This study will use transition matrix as descriptive analysis of health mobility and Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimations to analyse health mobility, trend of health mobility and relationship between health mobility and health inequality within NIDS. ResultsThe study shows that, among poor males, health mobility neither follows a health selection or health constraint mobility trend; the high health mobility with ambiguous trends has not decreased health inequality. Among the poor females, a negative health mobility trend is observed; this research also found that health inequality has not creased. Among the non-poor males, it is found that health mobility follows a gradient constraint trend which has decreased health inequality. Among non-poor females, it is found that health mobility follows a health selection trend which has not decreased health inequality. The results suggest that policy makers should target both social determinants of health and health campaigns to deal with health inequality among the poor males. ConclusionsThe trend of health mobility among poor females suggest that policy makers should target the social determinants of health to combat health inequality. The trend of health mobility among the non-poor males suggests that health mobility will eliminate health inequality. Lastly, the trend of health mobility suggests that policymakers should target health campaigns to deal with health inequality.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO SOCIAL DO HIV/AIDS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatiana Araujo Maranhão ◽  
Maria Lúcia Duarte Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>Objetivo: investigar a produção científica sobre a determinação social do HIV/aids publicada no período de 2009 a 2015. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e Medline via PubMed empregando-se os descritores Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida <em>(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)</em>; HIV <em>(VHI)</em>; Determinantes Sociais da Saúde <em>(Social Determinants of Health)</em>; Desigualdades em saúde <em>(Health Inequalities)</em>. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 22 manuscritos, dos quais emergiram cinco categorias temáticas baseadas no modelo de determinação social de Whitehead e Dahlgren, são elas: Determinantes individuais do HIV/aids; Determinantes comportamentais do HIV/aids; Influência das redes sociais sobre o HIV/aids; Determinantes intermediários do HIV/aids e Determinantes distais do HIV/aids. Conclusão: O estudo possibilitou compreender a extensa cadeia causal envolvida na infecção pelo HIV/aids, os quais perpassam o aspecto meramente biologicista. O conhecimento dos determinantes sociais da doença poderá subsidiar intervenções articuladas nos diversos setores da sociedade, além do setor saúde.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Descritores:</strong> Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. HIV. Determinantes Sociais da Saúde. Desigualdades em saúde.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals 21.I. Round table: Comparing and designing the politics and policies for better economic and social welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

Abstract While the political and social determinants of health have become accepted among academic researchers, health inequalities in the health policy and political arenas are still predominantly addressed as outcomes of citizens' lifestyle and behavioural choices. The rise of populist radical parties across Western countries brings renewed urgency to communicating with elected leaders and policy makers about the importance of tackling the social (as well as behavioral and medical) determinants of health. Recent publications such as 'Health in Hard Times. Austerity and Health Inequalities' (Clare Bambra, 2019) and 'Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 Years On' (Marmot et al, 2020) find that financial and economic policies in large part contribute to stagnating and even reversing population health trends in the UK and across Western countries. The underlying political system of decision-making needs to be clarified in order to effectively engage and exert influence. This workshop aims to strengthen countervailing power and competence in understanding the policy trajectories that effectively target the larger ambitions of economic and social welfare including reduced health inequalities. We provide participants with basic knowledge, methods and tools to carry out practice-based comparative analysis of public health politics and policies across different countries. The workshop consists of: A 20-minute mini-lecture by Julia Lynch, who will present key findings and the underlying methodology of her recent book Regimes of inequality: The political economy of health and wealth. This book systematically used historical institutionalist-methods and process tracing to compare the policies and politics aimed at reducing health inequalities in Finland, France and the UK from the 1990s to the present.A 15-minute panel reflection: The panel, consisting of Clare Bambra, Karien Stronks, and Holly Jarman, will relate this to their own key research and impact.A 25-minute plenary discussion of examples, questions and contributions to tackling inequalities in political and social determinants of health. Examples are labour market participation policies, progressive fiscal policies or policies resolving illiteracy or household financial debt. Key messages Health inequalities are a political choice. Learning by comparison increases capacity to improve policies on the social determinants of health as well as capacity to increase political influence.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Life-Space Mobility of Older Adults Living in Brazil: REMOBILIZE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica R. Perracini ◽  
Juleimar Soares Coelho de Amorim ◽  
Camila Astolphi Lima ◽  
Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Francis Trombini-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Social Restriction

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic hit Brazil in a scenario of substantial socioeconomic and health inequalities. It is unknown the immediate impact of social restriction recommendations (i.e., lockdown, stay-at-home) on the life-space mobility of older people.Objective: To investigate the immediate impact of COVID-19 pandemic on life-space mobility of community-dwelling Brazilian older adults and examine the social determinants of health associated with change in life-space mobility.Design: Baseline data from a prospective cohort study (REMOBILIZE Study).Setting: Community.Subject: A convenience snowball sample of participants aged 60 and older (n = 1,482) living in 22 states in Brazil.Methods: We conducted an online and phone survey using an adapted version of the Life-Space Assessment (LSA). Linear regression models were used to investigate social determinants of health on the change in LSA score.Results: Regardless of their gender and social determinants of health, participants showed a significant reduction in life-space mobility since COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Life-space mobility reduction was higher among black individuals, those living alone and aged between 70 and 79. Other variables associated with change in life-space mobility, to a lesser extent, were sex, education and income.Conclusion: Social restriction measures due to pandemic caused substantial reduction in older adults' life-space mobility in Brazil. Social inequalities strongly affected vulnerable groups. Concerted actions should be put in place to overcome the deterioration in life-pace mobility amongst these groups. Failure in minimizing health inequalities amplified by the pandemic may jeopardize the desired achievements of the Decade of Healthy Aging.

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