PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR PERSONALITY USE OF NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of network communications on the personality of students. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the analysis of scientific literature, the results of empirical research, which make it possible to distinguish the entities, characteristics and indicators of the influence of network communications on personality in the learning process, to determine positive and negative trends of this influence in the context of the psychological and social aspect of the subjective-developmental approach. The methodological foundation consists of works on personality (K.A. Abulkhanova), tolerance for ambiguity among teachers and students (T.V. Kornilova, S.D. Smirnov), personal decision-making (A.I. Sannikov), about the viability of an individual (N.T. Selezneva, N.V. Rublenko, T.Yu. Todysheva), representing digital society as a socio-cultural phenomenon (G.N. Sergeeva), processes of digitalization of modern education (V.S. Agapov, A.M. Balykina). This made it possible to determine the methodological foundations of the study on the qualitative content of the influence of network communications on personality in the process of training. The basis for the choice of research methods was understanding of the complexity of the structure of the personality, the multifaceted manifestation of it in real life and virtual space of education environment. Research methods. The following methods were used in this study: 1. Questionnaire on “Style of self-regulation of behavior – SSB” (V.I. Morosanova). 2. Questionnaire of reflexivity (A.V. Karpov). 3. Questionnaire on “Communicative and organizational tendencies” (V.A. Sinyavsky, B.A. Fedorishin). 4. Value questionnaire (S. Schwartz). 5. Test on “Motivation to succeed” (T. Elers). 6. Questionnaire on “Modern social values” (N.T. Selezneva). The results of the study allow us to distinguish the influence of network communications on reflexive, regulatory, motivational mechanisms of personality self-consciousness, which determine the self-development of personality, its productive expression in real life and virtual space. The unproductive realization of the personality is possible in the absence of the integrity of life space in its consciousness. Conclusion. Active users of network communications, young people studying at universities and colleges, in whose consciousness representations of eventuality are formed – the perception of a holistic life space. They show readiness and ability to self-develop qualitative characteristics of meaningful orientations, ideas about themselves, as a subject of life dynamics, having freedom of choice, timely assessment of life problem situations, self-organization in the construction of educational and professional activities. Users of network communications who do not express subjectivity need psychological support throughout the entire process of organizing educational and professional activities. Authors’ contribution consists in theoretical analysis of scientific literature, definition and substantiation of research methods, processing and analysis of results of influence of network communications on personality. In the process of empirical research, we have identified manifestations of the subjectivity of the personality of active users of network communications, if consciousness has formed ideas of eventuality – the perception of a holistic life space and they have high or moderate motive levels for achieving success.

Dyspnea And Outcome Expectations Are Associated With Physical Activity In Persons With Pneumoconiosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: There are various reports on factors associated with physical activity in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. However, there are no studies on the relationship between physical activity and psychological or environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between physical activity and psychological and environmental factors using questionnaires for patients with pneumoconiosis.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study of patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent pneumoconiosis health examination in 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct the study. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and subjective symptoms (dyspnea and quality of life [QOL]), environmental factors (environment around home and life space), psychological factors (depression, stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and outcome expectations), and others (e.g., experience with pulmonary rehabilitation) were investigated.Results: The number of respondents in the study was 185 (men: 171, women: 14). Age, dyspnea, stage of change, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, QOL, depression, decisional balance, and life space were significantly correlated with physical activity. In the multivariate analysis, outcome expectations and dyspnea were extracted as independent factors. In the path analysis, outcome expectations and dyspnea had a direct influence on physical activity. Dyspnea directly impacted not only physical activity but also outcome expectations, stage of change, QOL, life space, and depression.Conclusions: Dyspnea and outcome expectations were associated with physical activity in patients with pneumoconiosis. To improve the physical activity of patients with pneumoconiosis, it is necessary not only to improve dyspnea but also to promote an understanding of physical activity.

Predicting Autonomous Shuttle Acceptance in Older Drivers Based on Technology Readiness/Use/Barriers, Life Space, Driving Habits, and Cognition

Shared autonomous vehicle services (i. e., automated shuttles, AS) are being deployed globally and may improve older adults (>65 years old) mobility, independence, and participation in the community. However, AS must be user friendly and provide safety benefits if older drivers are to accept and adopt this technology. Current potential barriers to their acceptance of AS include a lack of trust in the systems and hesitation to adopt emerging technology. Technology readiness, perceived ease of use, perceived barriers, and intention to use the technology, are particularly important constructs to consider in older adults' acceptance and adoption practices of AS. Likewise, person factors, i.e., age, life space mobility, driving habits, and cognition predict driving safety among older drivers. However, we are not sure if and how these factors may also predict older adults' intention to use the AS. In the current study, we examined responses from 104 older drivers (Mage = 74.3, SDage = 5.9) who completed the Automated Vehicle User Perception Survey (AVUPS) before and after riding in an on-road automated shuttle (EasyMile EZ10). The study participants also provided information through the Technology Readiness Index, Technology Acceptance Measure, Life Space Questionnaire, Driving Habits Questionnaire, Trail-making Test Part A and Part B (TMT A and TMT B). Older drivers' age, cognitive scores (i.e., TMT B), driving habits (i.e., crashes and/or citations, exposure, and difficulty of driving) and life space (i.e., how far older adults venture from their primary dwelling) were entered into four models to predict their acceptance of AVs—operationalized according to the subscales (i.e., intention to use, perceived barriers, and well-being) and the total acceptance score of the AVUPS. Next, a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) elucidated the relationships between, technology readiness, perceived ease of use, barriers to AV acceptance, life space, crashes and/or citations, driving exposure, driving difficulty, cognition, and intention to use AS. The regression models indicated that neither age nor cognition (TMT B) significantly predicted older drivers' perceptions of AVs; but their self-reported driving difficulty (p = 0.019) predicted their intention to use AVs: R2 = 6.18%, F (2,101) = 4.554, p = 0.040. Therefore, intention to use was the dependent variable in the subsequent PLS-SEM. Findings from the PLS-SEM (R2 = 0.467) indicated the only statistically significant predictors of intention to use were technology readiness (β = 0.247, CI = 0.087-0.411) and barriers to AV acceptance (β = −0.504, CI = 0.285-0.692). These novel findings provide evidence suggesting that technology readiness and barriers must be better understood if older drivers are to accept and adopt AS.

Associations Between Perceived Physical and Mental Fatigability and Life Space Mobility in Older Men: The MrOS Study

Physical performance and fatigue can limit mobility within the larger environment (life-space mobility). It is unknown whether perceived fatigability, fatigue anchored to activity intensity and duration, is independently associated with life-space. We assessed this cross-sectionally in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS; N=1,681, Meanage=85±4.1). The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, range: 0-50) measured physical (Mean=16.2±9.5) and mental fatigability (Mean=7.5±8.0). Life Space Assessment scores (range: 0-120, higher=greater life-space) incorporated level, frequency, and assistance used for life-space mobility (Mean=84.3±22.0). Compared to the lowest fatigability strata (Physical: PFS 0-4; Mental: PFS 0-3, modeled separately), men in the two highest physical strata (PFS 20-24: B=-4.10±1.67; PFS≥25: B=-6.23±1.72; p’s≤.05) and men in the three highest mental strata reported significantly lower life-space mobility (PFS 13-15: B=-3.42±1.74; PFS 16-19: B=-5.38±1.83; PFS≥20: B=-7.96±1.66, p’s≤.05), adjusted for physical performance and health covariates. Our results provide evidence linking fatigability and real-world mobility, independent of physical health, in older men.

INtrinsic Capacity and its RElAtionship With Life-SpacE Mobility (INCREASE): a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore

ObjectivesTo examine the association of intrinsic capacity (IC) with life-space mobility (LSM) among community-dwelling older adults and to determine whether age and gender modify this relationship.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPublic housing blocks, senior activity centres and community centres in the Northeastern region of Singapore.Participants751 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥55 years old and able to ambulate independently with or without walking aid.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIC and LSM. Standardised IC factor scores were calculated through confirmatory factor analysis using variables representing the five IC domains cognition, locomotion, sensory, vitality and psychological. LSM was measured using the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment instrument. Association of IC with LSM and its effect modification by age and gender were examined with regression analyses.ResultsThe participants had a mean age of 67.6 and mean LSM score of 88.6. IC showed a positive and significant association with LSM (β=6.33; 95% CI=4.94 to 7.72) and the effect remained significant even after controlling for potential confounders (β=4.76; 95% CI=3.22 to 6.29), with p<0.001 for both. Age and gender did not demonstrate significant modification on this relationship.ConclusionsOur findings support the empirical rigour of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework, which suggests that IC influences the extent to which a person participates in the community. Our findings also provide guidance for healthcare providers who aim to enhance LSM and promote healthy ageing in older adults.

Physical and Cognitive Correlates of GPS-Derived Life-Space Characteristics in Older Adults

Life-space mobility, movement within one’s living environment, is important for functional independence in later life. It is unclear which life-space characteristics (i.e., space, duration, shape) are most affected by physical and cognitive limitations. GPS-derived measures mitigate recall bias and offer novel ways to characterize life-space. We examined associations between physical and cognitive performance and GPS-derived life-space characteristics. Participants were 164 community-dwelling adults (Age: M=77.3±6.5) from baseline data of a clinical trial to improve walking in older adults. Participants carried a portable GPS for 7 days, which passively collected real-time location. Standard deviational ellipses (SDEs) and minimum convex polygons (MCPs) were derived for each day. Area and compactness of these measures quantified activity space and shape, respectively. For each measure, 7-day medians and median absolute deviations (MAD) were computed to capture both central tendency and variability of weekly activity. Activity duration was quantified as percentage of time outside home. Adjusting for age and sex, percent time outside home was associated with lower mobility performance (i.e., 6-minute walk (6MWT), figure 8 walk, ρ’s=.17-.18, p’s&lt;.05) and executive functioning (i.e., Trail Making Test, Part A: ρ=.16, p=.04, Part B: ρ=.19, p=.01). Median MCP and SDE areas, but not compactness, were associated with 6MWT performance (ρ’s=.18-.20, p’s&lt;.05). MCP area MAD was associated with greater global cognition (3MSE, ρ=.15, p=.05). Life-space characteristics were differentially associated with performance measures, suggesting physical and cognitive limitations may constrain life-space mobility via different mechanisms. Variation in these associations by neighborhood walkability and active versus passive travel will also be examined.